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RENEWABLES ????

GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

2

Rana Adib

Arthouros Zervos

REN?? MEMBERS

MEMBERS AT LARGE

GOVERNMENTS

SCIENCE AND ACADEMIA

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS

INTER?GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS

NGOS 3 global community decentralised intelligence

2,000 community members

Our annual publicationRenewables Global Status Report

RENEWABLES ???? GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

Acknowledgements ................................ 9 Foreword .......................................... 13 Executive Summary ................................ 14 Buildings .......................................... 37 Industry ........................................... 40 Transport .......................................... 42 Power ............................................. 46

REN21. 2020.

(Paris: REN21 Secretariat). ISBN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

26

Cross-sectoral Targets and Policies

................. 56 Renewable Energy and Climate Change Policy ...... 58 Heating and Cooling ............................... 60 Transport .......................................... 64 Power ............................................. 70

Systems Integration of Variable

Renewable Electricity

............................... 74 Bioenergy ......................................... 81 Geothermal Power and Heat ....................... 92 Hydropower ....................................... 98 Ocean Power ...................................... 103 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) ............................ 107 Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) .......... 120 Solar Thermal Heating and Cooling ................. 124 Wind Power ....................................... 131 01 52
02 80
03 4

DISCLAIMER:

REN21 releases issue papers and reports to emphasise the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion on issues central to the promotion

of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefited from the considerations and input from the REN21 community, they do not necessarily

represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given in this report is the best available to the authors at the

time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness.

The designations employed and the presentation of material in the maps in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the

legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, and is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the

delimitation of international frontiers or boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Overview of Energy Access ......................... 149 Technologies and Markets .......................... 150 Business Models ................................... 155 Investment and Financing .......................... 156 Policy Developments ............................... 159 New Programmes and Initiatives .................... 160 Investment by Economy ............................ 167 Investment by Technology .......................... 170 Investment by Type ................................ 171 Investment in Perspective .......................... 172

Advances in the Integration of

Variable Renewable Electricity

...................... 176 Enabling Technologies for Systems Integration ...... 179 Renewables and Primary Energy Eiciency .......... 190 Renewables and Final Energy Consumption ......... 192 Factors Behind Public Support for Renewables ...... 198 Levers to Build Public Support and Encourage Action .. 201 146
04 186
07 196
08 164
05 174
06 Reference Tables .................................. 204 Energy Units and Conversion Factors ............... 248 Data Collection and Validation ...................... 249 Methodological Notes .............................. 250

Glossary

. . . . . . . 253 List of Abbreviations ............................... 261 Photo Credits ...................................... 262 Full endnotes and data: see online at www.ren21.net/gsr

RENEWABLES ???? GLOBAL STATUS REPORT

SIDEBARS

TABLES

The COVID-19 Crisis and Renewable Energy ... 28

Renewable Energy-Related Jobs

in Energy Access ............................ 50

Trade Policy, Trade Agreements

and Renewables ............................. 55

The History of Ocean Power ................. 104

Renewable Electricity Generation

Costs in 2019

............................... 144

Renewable Energy Indicators 2019 ............ 35

Top Five Countries 2019 ...................... 36

Renewable Energy Targets and Policies, 2019 . 76

Distributed Renewables Policies for Electricity

Access, Selected Countries, 2019 ............ 162

Distributed Renewables Policies for Clean

Cooking Access, Selected Countries, 2019

... 163

REFERENCE TABLES

Global Renewable Electricity Capacity, Heat Demand and Biofuel Production, 2019 ...... 204

Renewable Power Capacity, World and Top

Regions/Countries, 2019 .................... 205

Renewable Energy Shares of Primary

and Final Energy, Targets as of End-2019 and Status in 2018 .......................... 206

Renewable Heating and Cooling, Targets

as of End-2019 and Status in 2017 ........... 209

Renewable Transport, Targets as of

End-2019 and Status in 2017

................. 211

Renewable Share of Electricity Generation,

Targets as of End-2019 and Status in 2018 .... 212

Renewable Power, Targets for Technology-

Specific Share of Electricity Generation

as of End-2019 .............................. 216

Renewable Power, Targets for Specific

Amount of Installed Capacity or Generation

as of End-2019 .............................. 217

Renewable Heating and Cooling Policies,

as of End-2019 ............................. 223

Renewable Transport Mandates at the

National/State/Provincial Levels,

as of End-2019 .............................. 225

Feed-in Electricity Policies, Cumulative

Number of Countries/States/Provinces

and 2019 Revisions .......................... 231

Renewable Power Tenders Held at the

National/State/Provincial Levels, 2019

....... 232

Biofuels Global Production, Top 15 Countries

and EU-28, 2019 ........................... 234

Geothermal Power Global Capacity and

Additions, Top 10 Countries, 2019 ........... 235

Hydropower Global Capacity and Additions,

Top 10 Countries, 2019

...................... 236

Solar PV Global Capacity and Additions,

Top 10 Countries, 2019

....................... 237

Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP)

Global Capacity and Additions, 2019

........ 238

Solar Water Heating Collectors and Total

Capacity End-2018 and Newly Installed

Capacity 2019, Top 20 Countries

............ 239

Wind Power Global Capacity and Additions,

Top 10 Countries, 2019

....................... 240

Electricity Access by Region and

Country, Status in 2018 and Targets

.......... 241

Clean Cooking Access by Region and

Country, Status in 2018 and Targets

.......... 244

Global Trends in Renewable Energy

Investment, 2009-2019

...................... 247

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6

FIGURES

Figure 1. Estimated Renewable Share of Total Final Energy

Consumption, 2018

............................... 32

Estimated Global Growth in Renewable Energy

Compared to Total Final Energy Consumption,

2013-2018

........................................ 33

Renewable Share of Total Final Energy

Consumption, by Final Energy Use, 2017 ........... 33

Renewable Share of Total Final Energy

Consumption in Buildings, 2017 ................... 37

Estimated Renewable Share of Heating and

Cooling in Buildings, 2018 ......................... 38

Renewable Share of Total Final Energy

Consumption in Industry and Agriculture, 2017 ..... 40

Figure 7. Renewable Share of Total Final Energy

Consumption in Transport, 2017 ................... 42

Annual Additions of Renewable Power Capacity,

by Technology and Total, 2013-2019 ............... 46

Renewable and Non-renewable Shares of

Net Annual Additions in Power Generating

Capacity, 2009-2019

.............................. 47

Estimated Renewable Energy Share of Global

Electricity Production, End-2019 ................... 48

Employment Estimates Related to Distributed

Renewables for Energy Access in India, Kenya

and Nigeria, 2017/18 .............................. 50

Number of Countries with Renewable Energy

Policies, 2004-2019 ............................... 54

National Sector-Specific Targets for Share of

Renewable Energy by a Specific Year, in Place

at End-2019 ...................................... 56

National Targets for Share of Renewable Energy

in Final Energy, by a Specific Year, in Place at End-2019 ...................................... 57

Countries with Selected Climate Change Policies,

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