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TomasPinpinandtheLiterateIndio:

DamonL.Woods

Filipino

contact.Hewrotetoapublicthatcould readandwrite - afacthe callyaltersour

Hispanization.

Beginnings:TheSpaniardsinthePhilippines

In1565,

ernorandcaptain-generalofthePhilippines:

178IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

laLenguaTagalawerepublished.

TheLifeandWorkofTomasPinpin

ladino(abilingualnative).^"* guides,dictionaries,andgrammars.^^ fivechaptersoflessons, dents.^^

180IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

TheText

andreferstoTagalogliteracy.

ANGICANIM(ICAANIM)UTOSNANG

P.(PANGINOON)DIOS.

ELSEXTOMANDAMIENT022

{l)Nagcasalacacayasadimoasauananggauang solterasdemayoredadqueyatuvierenmarido? venturaerapariente6parientatuya?{6)Anong

6padre6madredeBautismo6delaConfirmacion?

{8)Opancasamamong,naganacsapagbinyagatsa compilmancaya?Oeratucompadre6comadrede {10)Anongpaghihinlognilanangasuamo?Que conmagamaincaya?Queparentescotienensison nagsisipingcayonangasaiiamomaydooncayang

182IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

aygongmagayOcnangmaquisipingsaasaiiamoay

Resistesatumaridocuandoquierellegarati?

mayasauaatnacailannamanyaongualangasaua? mismacasadeaqueldequien[aquien]sirvesde nagaagolo?Hasdadoposadaentucasaalosquese caya?Cuantoshabransidoaquellosdequetehas

184IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

{58)Mayahadincayaangloobmonggumauanang masama?Tienetambienelcorazonaqueldeseo {62)Nagbubuticacayasacotaoan[cataoan]mo? porquetealabendehermosurayporaquellavana [pretendes]eneso?

THESIXTHCOMMANDMENTOFTHELORDGOD

186IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

TerminologyandSocialImplications

"towetwithacertainwashing"andexplains: thepurifiedandrenovatedinthelaw. ter."25

188IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

tismeventoday. thechildanddoesnotinvolvesponsors).^^ roundingthebathingofthesickchild.^^ godparentsinbaptismorconfirmation?" withnaturalkinship.^° basedonchoice.^^

190IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

religiousbrotherhoodandtheotherwas, tionormarriage. liticalstate."3^ wouldhaveconsideredobscene. history.

192IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

?rt^yftell;voTP^yt"^><)iiaxy^if^ifn ^mO^Oo'-jyn^to^VjY^'^ll^^V^V^rT\ii y4mflMi quetitidaques.AmenJesus.

Figure1:TheLord'sPrayerinTagalog

writtenintheindigenousscript,baybayin. more: othervowels.^^ followingaretheRomanalphabetequivalents:

VOWELS

AE/IO/U

KrUhi

CONSONANTS

BAKADAGAHALAMANANGAPASATAVAYA

thebeginningofawordorsyllable.

194IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

II ({/•^f)/pV3yjVJII crossunderneaththecharactertoindicate aconsonant-finalsyllable. lishedin1895,alsocriticizedbaybayin: asourownSpanishalphabet.^^ guageswrittenwiththeRomanalphabet. syllables.

196IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

theresultofdifferenthandwriting.^^ withregardtothediacriticalmark - doesitrepresentan"e"oran butintheoppositedirection.^^ body.54 thatbaybayinrefersto acrossthesea. wrotein1567fromCebu: fathertosonwithoutanyotherrecord.^° commented:

198IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

Dasmarifias:^^

Womencommonlyknowhowtowritewiththemand

theirspelling.^^ thingsthatarenotofdevotion.^^

Tagalogs:

wellifyouforceyourself.''^

200IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

theactofgeneralconfession.

Blancaswrote:

whichtheLordhasdonetotheminmakingthem

Christians.''^

problems.^° thoughitmightbeaslongasAdam's.^^ alsocontainedwordsinbaybayin.^^ mostwidelyrecognized.^^

202IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

Spanishsystemduringthecolonialperiod.

turesallduringtheseventeenthcentury - andaslateas1792in

TheDistributionofLiteracy

andtimaua/timagua,clientsorfollowersofthemaginoo - referred ciety,towhomishewriting - oneparticulargrouporallofsociety? analysis. guedthat: theyremoved.^^

204IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

nialTagalogsocietyremains. enceofthedesiretoimitateSpaniards:

Spaniards:

words]andcasasgrandes[bighouses]^^

Conclusion

multiformappealofthenewreligion.^'' ferentlythantheSpaniardsintended. thatsyncreticreligionmayhavedeveloped:

206IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

spendssometimeinstudy.^ beenanindigenizedCatholicpractice. knewthistobetrue. BlancasdeSanJose - justasPinpinundoubtedlyhelpedBlancas societywascomposedofliterateindividuals.

DocumentA

AkongsumulatLuisPaudata.

(this),LuisPaudata.

208IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

DocumentB

Tayasi,DohaMariaSila.

MariaSila.

ismentionedinthedocument.) myown.) Notes changeably.

CatholicChurch.Lumbera1986:27.

referredtoasBRPIinotherendnotes.

Philippines.

infactwasalreadyareality?

6.Phelan1955:153.

7.Ibid.,157.

8.Ibid.,159.

9.Zaide:409-410.

11.Fromthetitlepage.

Tagalog"(nopageavailable).

210IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

Chinese.

15.Rafael1988:57,note6.

Perez).InW.E.Retana1911:79-128.

Spanish - whilePinpiniswritingtoTagalogs,givingtheTagalogfirstthen

Castila)."

ter)inthispaper. (songs).

Espinosa,1565,11verso-12recto.

nialsituationinthetwoareas. encestosodomy. andcorrections.

212IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

intoSpanish. tionprovidedinapersonalletter. atedwiththericefields."Pertierra1988:99.

28.Pertierra1988:99.

system.

30.Hart1977:16.

31.Hart1977:19.

32.MintzandWolf1950:341-368.

35.CitedinHart1977:38;BRPl,vol11:75-77.

36.Phelan1959:27.

39.Scott1989:58.

41.ColininBRPl,vol.40:49.

144.

Tagalog.CitedinYabes1936:6.

45.Rafael1988:46.

itsdifficulties.Ibid.

47.Sampson1985:26.

dadlasconsonantes,quefaltan."

49.MarcillayMartin1895:18-29.

50.Personalcommunication.

BisayanandnotTagalog.

1969:281).

53.Morga1971:116.

54.Scott1989:58.

214IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

56.Rafael1988:49.

57.Scott1989:55.

58.Ibid.

someletterstobaybayin(pp.31-41).

LaborEvangelica.Vol1,pp368-9.

India.

65.Boxer1950:37-39.

schools.

69.SantaInes1676:41-42.

Visayans.

71.Rafael1988:72.

72.Ricard1966:48.

74.Ibid.

76.VanderLoon1966:40.

216IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

77.Ibid.,4.

78.Ibid.,37.

79.Ibid.,38.

method.

81.Rafael1988:45.

82.Retana1911:88,93.Medina1896:14-15.

84.BlancasdeSanJose:36-46.

85.Scott1989:55.

86.Rafael1988:80.

87.Villamor1922:99-102.

XXVI,Feb.,1938.

89.Scott1989:56.

Gardner1940.

inColin'sLaborEvangeUca,vol.1:368-369.

93.BRPI,vol10,1903-1909:287.

dersfeudaldues"(1982:96-97). agreementingenderandnumber.

97.Phelan1959:viii-ix.

101.Lumbera1986:27.

References

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1577.Manila:FilipinianaBookGuild,1965.

pp.1-34.Vol.IV,1971.

QuezonCity:R.P.GarciaPublishingCo.,1990.

VictorianoSuarez,1949.

Company,1859.

RoyalAsiaticSociety.April,1950.

218IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

JosedelaPefia,1851.

Publishers,1974.

(December),1974,

Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress,1961.

FilipinasdeD.JuanAtayde,1892.

Thesis,Ateneo,1974.

1(Spring),1953.

Philippines,1963.

Antonio,TX:WitteMemorialMuseum,1943.

LibreriaGeneraldeVictorianoSuarez,1930.

NorthernIllinoisUniversityPress,1977.

BrothersPublishers,1904.

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UniversityPress,1986.

68.Vol.6,no.4(Winter)1950.

CambridgeUniversityPress,1971.

Manila:RamirezyGirandier,1860.

"oft" 1959.

CornellUniversityPress,1988.

Suarez,1911.

MinuesadelosRios,1897.

Balbas,1889.

ConservationSociety,1971.

CaliforniaPress,1966.

220IndigenousWritingintheSpanishIndies

StanfordUniversityPress,1975.

1975.

LitografiadeChrofresComp.,1676.

Unitas,XXVI,Feb1938.

PhilippineGraphicArts,Inc.,1986.

(April)1966.

City:AteneodeManilaUniversityPress,1979.

theauthor,1936.

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