[PDF] [PDF] OpenGL® Programming Guide - Department of Computing Sciences

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[PDF] Introduction à OpenGL

Une API (bas niveau) en C permettant de tirer faisant l'interface entre le logiciel et le driver matériel Spécialisé pour le rendu réaliste 2D et 3D Des matrices 

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OpenGL is mainly considered an API (an Application Programming Interface) that provides us with a large set of functions that we can use to manipulate graphics 

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1 mai 2020 · pdf Khronos grants a con- ditional copyright license to use and reproduce the unmodified specification for any purpose, without fee or royalty, 

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PraiseforOpenGL

R?

ProgrammingGuide,

EighthEdition

Graham,John,andBillforanamazingeffort.""

Icried,itwasmuchbetterthanCats---I

llreaditagainandagain."" ---BobKuehne,president,BlueNewtSoftware R?

ProgrammingGuidehandy.""

---MarcOlano,associateprofessor,UMBC ptg9898810 This page intentionally left blank www.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

OpenGL

R?

ProgrammingGuide

EighthEditionwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810www.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

OpenGL

R?

ProgrammingGuide

EighthEdition

TheOfficialGuideto

LearningOpenGL

R? ,Version4.3

DaveShreiner

GrahamSellers

JohnKessenich

BillLicea-Kane

TheKhronosOpenGLARBWorkingGroup

ptg9898810 inallcapitals.

Formoreinformation,pleasecontact:

U.S.CorporateandGovernmentSales

(800)382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com

InternationalSales

international@pearsoned.com

VisitusontheWeb:informit.com/aw

ARBWorkingGroup.---Eighthedition.

pagescm

Includesindex.

ISBN978-0-321-77303-6(pbk.:alk.paper)

T385.O6352013

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CopyrightC?2013PearsonEducation,Inc.

faxyourrequestto(201)236-3290.

ISBN-13:978-0-321-77303-6

ISBN-10:0-321-77303-9

Michigan.

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Tuxedo,andToby.

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Contents

ixwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 xContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xiiContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxiiiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xivContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxvwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xviContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxviiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xviiiContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxixwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xxContentswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Contentsxxiwww.it-ebooks.info

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Figures

attribute.112 attribute.112 frustum.207 xxiiiwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 buffers.246 xxivFigureswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Figures

xxvwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 function.464 example.530 xxviFigureswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Figuresxxviiwww.it-ebooks.info

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Tables

xxixwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 xxxTableswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Tablesxxxiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xxxiiTableswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Examples

xxxiiiwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 xxxivExampleswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Example6.7SimpleTextureLookupExample

Examplesxxxvwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xxxviExampleswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Examplesxxxviiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xxxviiiExampleswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Example11.13SimplePer-PixelMutexUsing

Examplesxxxixwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 xlExampleswww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

AboutThisGuide

deliverthevisualeffectyouwant.

WhatThisGuideContains

Thisguidecontainsthefollowingchapters:

subsequentchapters. usethemwithinanapplication. techniquesinprogrammableshaders. xliwww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 realismandotherrenderingeffects. usingshaders. andnongraphicaluses. pipeline. browsers. transformations. usedwithinOpenGL. debugfeaturesavailablewithinOpenGL. xliiAboutThisGuidewww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

OpenGL.

What"sNewinThisEdition

calledthe''OrangeBook"").

WhatYouShouldKnowBeforeReadingThisGuide

experiencewiththesubject. thanonthetechniquesneededtoachievethem.

AboutThisGuidexliiiwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 searchforanswerstoyourOpenGLquestions: http://www.opengl.org/

ReviewBoardandAddison-Wesley.

programs,anddemosavailableatitsWebsite.

HowtoObtaintheSampleCode

http://www.opengl-redbook.com/

OpenGLtoanother.

xlivAboutThisGuidewww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810 projectpageatthefollowingaddress: http://freeglut.sourceforge.net/ foundattheOpenGLWebsite"sresourcepages: http://www.opengl.org/resources/ codesamplescanbefound.

Errata

correctedassoonaspossible.

StyleConventions

Thesestyleconventionsareusedinthisguide:

commandsummariesareshadedwithgrayboxes.

AboutThisGuidexlvwww.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 bythesuffix. becomesunruly. xlviAboutThisGuidewww.it-ebooks.info ptg9898810

Chapter1

IntroductiontoOpenGL

ChapterObjectives

creatingcomputer-generatedimages. pipeline.

1www.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810 do,andhowitworks. anOpenGLprogramlookslike.

OpenGLuses.

OpenGLusesincreatingimages.

theprogram.

WhatIsOpenGL?

graphicsapplications. triangles,andpatches. ptg9898810 applications. primitives. calledrasterization. position. location.

YourFirstLookatanOpenGLProgram

ptg9898810

•Specifythoseobjectstoberendered.

informationtobeusedincreatinganimage. thatarespecifiedbytheirvertices. providedinExample1.1. ptg9898810 //triangles.cpp #include usingnamespacestd; #include"vgl.h" #include"LoadShaders.h" enumVAO_IDs{Triangles,NumVAOs}; enumBuffer_IDs{ArrayBuffer,NumBuffers}; enumAttrib_IDs{vPosition=0};

GLuintVAOs[NumVAOs];

GLuintBuffers[NumBuffers];

constGLuintNumVertices=6; ptg9898810 //init void init(void) glGenVertexArrays(NumVAOs,VAOs); glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]);

GLfloatvertices[NumVertices][2]={

{-0.90,-0.90},//Triangle1 {0.85,-0.90}, {-0.90,0.85}, {0.90,-0.85},//Triangle2 {0.90,0.90}, {-0.85,0.90} glGenBuffers(NumBuffers,Buffers); vertices,GL_STATIC_DRAW);

ShaderInfoshaders[]={

{GL_VERTEX_SHADER,"triangles.vert"}, {GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER,"triangles.frag"}, {GL_NONE,NULL}

GLuintprogram=LoadShaders(shaders);

glUseProgram(program);

GL_FALSE,0,BUFFER_OFFSET(0));

glEnableVertexAttribArray(vPosition); //display void display(void) glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glBindVertexArray(VAOs[Triangles]); glFlush(); ptg9898810 //main int main(intargc,char argv) glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA); glutInitWindowSize(512,512); glutInitContextVersion(4,3); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); if(glewInit()){ exit(EXIT_FAILURE); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMainLoop(); anddeclareglobalvariables 1 andotherusefulprogrammingconstructs. demonstration,weusethemhere. ptg9898810 whichwedescribeinChapter6.

InChapter2we"lldiscusseverythingitdoes.

examplehere.

1.ClearthewindowbycallingglClear().

OpenGLSyntax

ptg9898810

AppendixA.

OpenGLheaderfiles:glcorearb.handglext.h.

GLfloats,insteadoftwoseparateparameters.

cribedinTable1.1,alongwiththeirtypes.

OpenGLSyntax9www.it-ebooks.info

ptg9898810

SuffixDataTypeTypical

Corresponding

C-LanguageType

OpenGLTypeDefinition

b8-bitintegersignedcharGLbyte s16-bitintegersignedshortGLshort i32-bitintegerintGLint,GLsizei differentimplementations.

OpenGL"sRenderingPipeline

evolvedconsiderablysinceitsintroduction.

Vertex

Data

Geometry

Shader

Tessellation

Evaluation

Shader

Tessellation

Control

Shader

Vertex

Shader

Fragment

Shader

Primitive

Setup

ClippingRasterization

Figure1.2TheOpenGLpipeline

ptg9898810 fragments. shadersareoptional.

PreparingtoSendDatatoOpenGL

Chapter3.

SendingDatatoOpenGL

glDrawArrays(),aswedidinExample1.1. determinethepixel"sfinalcolor.

OpenGL"".

ptg9898810

VertexShading

TessellationShading

GeometryShading

we"llseeinChapter10.

PrimitiveAssembly

clippingandrasterization. ptg9898810

Clipping

OpenGL.

Rasterization

operations.

FragmentShading

calledfragmentdiscard. thatfragmentwillbe.

Per-FragmentOperations

ptg9898810 writtenintotheframebuffer.

Chapter6.

OurFirstProgram:ADetailedDiscussion

Enteringmain()

commandshere. int main(intargc,char argv)quotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_13