[PDF] [PDF] Explosives by Meyer, Kohler, and Homburg - Mining and Blasting
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The French word “amorce” means all of initiating or inflaming devices 19 Amorces anhydrous product: Ca(NO3)2 Analogous derivatives of hexanone, hexanol, and pentanol can fume volume; Normalgasvolumen; volume des produits d' explosion
Manuscripts in English, German or French should be sent to Prof Dr A Dold V et L, de produits scalaires respectifs ( , ) et [ , J et de normes smallest value ofJ ), since a calculation analogous to A yields here the que l'on peut reecrire, soua une forme analogue A (48), d'apres (30) to oalculate product cA* (left)
Jianjun, don't let them fool you, you can't learn proper french with your colleagues Produits possibles suite à une homo-fonctionnalisation de calix[4,6,8]arènes et emphase sur la régio- mono-O-methylated p-tBu-calix[4]arene 3 32 starting from the 1,3-di-O-methylated analogue 2 9 the para-mercuriated product (ca
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The French word “amorce” means all of initiating or inflaming devices 19 Amorces anhydrous product: Ca(NO3)2 Analogous derivatives of hexanone, hexanol, and pentanol can fume volume; Normalgasvolumen; volume des produits d' explosion
Produits ou de Services (5 août 1905) ch 594–610; and the French law prior to 1857 was described as comprising provisions a description of an invented product) (CA); In re Anderson's Trade Mark (1884) and Democratic Dialogue' ( 1991)69 Texas Law Review 1853 at 1876 It is analogous to the case for award -
This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors and publisher do not warrant the information contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inad- vertently be inaccurate.
First Edition 1977
Second, Revised and Extended Edition 1981
Third, Revised and Extended Edition 1987
Fourth, Revised and Extended Edition 1994
Fifth, Completely Revised Edition, 2002
Sixth, Completely Revised Edition, 2007
Library of Congress Card No.: Applied for.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at
All rights reserved (including those of translation in other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form ... by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means ... nor transmitted or translated into machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifi- cally marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
The sixth English edition of "Explosives" which is now available can look back over a history of 30 years since it was first published. On the initiative of its main author Dr. Rudolf Meyer (who regrettably died in 2000), the first copy of the German version of "Explosivstoffe", which had become known far beyond the borders of German-speaking countries, was first translated in 1977. It was also Dr. Rudolf Meyer, who in 1961, in his function of Technical Director of the German company WASAG Chemie AG, gave new impetus to the company brochure to achieve its present form. The preparation of all the current German and English editions have a closely-knit history with the Fraunhofer Institut für chemische Techno- logie (ICT, formerly the Institut für Chemie der Treib- und Explosiv- stoffe with its head offices in Pfinztal/Berghausen near Karlsruhe, Germany. This institute was initially founded by Dr. Karl Meyer, Dr. Rudolf Meyer"s elder brother in 1957, as part of the Technische
Hochschule, Karlsruhe, and was extended later on.
We regret to say that while this sixth edition was under preparation, the Assistant Technical Director of ICT, Dr. Fred Volk, (1930-2005) passed away. Immediately after obtaining his doctorate in chemistry in 1960, Dr. Fred Volk joined the ICT, which had then just been built in Pfinztal, where he worked closely with Dr. Karl Meyer. The main focus of his research within the area of explosive analysis was on the use of thin- layer chromatography and mass spectrometry as well as on calculat- ing thermodynamic energies used in explosive and combustion proc- esses. The many key words and the related articles in "Explosives" dealing with theoretical and thermodynamic performances were pains- takingly checked, or written by Dr. F. Volk himself, each time before a new edition was printed. As an addition to the previous edition of "Explosives", this book in- cludes even more information on new explosive formulations. Dr. Alfred Kappl has provided information and text materials on Fuel Air and Thermobaric explosives, and Dr. Robert Bickes (Sandia Na- tional Labs, USA) has contributed an article about Semiconductor Bridge Igniters (SCB). The special department II.3 (Dr. Thomas Leh- mann, Dr. Silke Schwarz and Dr. Dietrich Eckhardt) of the Deutsche Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (German Federal Institute for Material Testing and Research, BAM) has also contributed important notes and references on the subjects of hazardous sub- stances and testing procedures. Prof. Dr. Charles L. Mader has provided relevant information on the subject area of detonation physics. The Fraunhofer ICT has once again provided valuable help towards the publication of this volume, and Prof. Dr. P. Elsner, Dr. S. Kelzenberg, Dr. Th. Keicher, Dr. N. Eisenreich, Dr. K. Menke, Dr. H. Krause, Dr. M. Hermann, and Dr. P.B. Kempa deserve particular mention for their generous contributions. The authors would particularly like to thank their colleagues mentioned above for their contributions and for providing valuable comments. Due to reductions and restructuring in the explosives industry, which has sometimes resulted in a complete loss of former product and company names used over decades, a range of names used in the past has not been included in this edition. As an addition a CD containing a demo version of the ICT-Database of Thermochemical Values and information about the ICT-Thermody- namic-Code ist attached to the book. The full version of the database contains detailed information of more than 14,000 substances, includ- ing structure formulae, oxygen balance, densities and enthalpies of formation. The Code may be used for calculating properties of for- mulations like the heat of explosion or specific impulse of explosives, propellants or pyrotechnics. Both programs, updated regularly, are available by the Fraunhofer ICT. Among these may be mentioned Dr. B. Eulering (WASAG Chemie, Essen), Dipl.-Ing. W. Franke (BAM, Berlin), Dipl.-Ing. H. Grosse tec, Fürth), Dr. H. Hornberg (ICT), Dr. H. Krebs (BAM, Berlin), Dr. G. Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Nixdorff (BW University, Hamburg), Dr. K. Redecker, Dr. H.J. Rodner (BAM, Berlin), Dr. J.F. Roth (DNAG, Troisdorf), Prof. Dr. H. Schubert (ICT), Prof. Dr. M. Steidinger (BAM, Berlin), Dipl.-Ing. G. Stockmann (WNC-Nitrochemie), Dr. G. Traxler (ORS Wien), Mr. R. Varosh (RISI, USA), Mr. J. Wraige (Solar Pyrotechnics, GB), Mrs. Christine Westermaier and Dr. R. Zimmermann (BVS, Dortmund). We hope that the large number of people who remain unmentioned will also feel that they share in this expression of thanks. The authors also wish to thank the publishers, the WILEY-VCH Verlag Mrs. D. Kleemann, for the most pleasant co-operation in the produc- tion and printing of this book. The publishers and authors continue to welcome suggestions and communications of any kind. We hope that our book will remain an important reference work and a quick source of information in this edition as well.
Preface
From the preface of previous editions:
"Explosives" is a concise handbook covering the entire field of ex- plosives. It was preceded by the booklet "Explosivstoffe" published in
1932 by WASAG, Berlin, and by the handbook of industrial and
military explosives published by WASAG-CHEMIE in 1961 under the same name. The book contains about 500 entries arranged in alphabetical order. These include formulas and descriptions of about 120 explosive chem- icals, about 60 additives, fuels, and oxidizing agents, and a 1500-entry subject index. The objective of the book is to provide fundamental information on the subject of explosives not only to experts but also to the general public. The book will therefore, apart from industrial companies and research facilities concerned, be found useful in documentary centers, transla- tion bureaus, editorial offices, patent and lawyer offices, and other institutions of this nature. The properties, manufacturing methods, and applications of each substance are briefly described. In the case of key explosives and raw materials, the standard purity specifications are also listed. The asymmetric margins are provided for entries and marginal notes of the reader. Instructions for the thermodynamic calculations of the performance parameters of high explosives, gun propellants, and rocket propellants are given in somewhat greater detail. The basic thermodynamic data will be found in the extensive synoptic tables. They are based on the metric system; conversion from the English or the U.S. system can be made using the conversion tables on the back flyleaf. The front flyleaf contains a glossary of the terms denoting the characteristics of ex- plosive materials in six languages. The standard temperature selected for the energy of formation and enthalpy of formation data is 25 °C = 298.15 K. The elementary form of carbon was taken to be graphite (and not diamond, as before). The numerical values of the energies of formation (which, as known, appear both in the relevant entry and in the tables) are the optimum molar values found in the enthalpy tables of Volk, Batheltand Kuthe: "Thermochemische Daten von Raketentreibstoffen, Treibladungspul- vern sowie deren Komponenten", published by the Institut für Chemi- sche Technologie (ICT), D-76327 Pfinztal-Berghausen 1972. The US experts in rocket-techniques* and the Institute of Makers of Explosives** published glossaries on the definition and explanations of technical terms. Parts of them have been incorporated in the text. * Published as appendix 4 of the Aerospace Ordnance Handbook by Pollard,
F. B .and Arnold, J. H. Prentice Hall Inc., 1966
** Published as Publication No. 12 by the Institute of Makers of Explosives. The book is not intended as a systematic presentation of the science of explosives. Interested readers are referred to the many excellent publications on the subject, which are available in English (see, for example, the books by M. A. Cook) and the now nearly complete encyclopedia covering the whole explosive field, edited by Seymour M. Kaye(formerly by Basil T. Fedoroff: "Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items"). Users of explosives should consult the "Blaster"s Handbook" of DU PONT Inc., which is by far the best book on the subject. A comprehensive list of literature references will be found at the end of the book.VIII
From the preface of previous editions
Atomic Weights
aluminium Al 26.982 lead Pb 207.19 antimony Sb 121.75 lithium Li 6.939 barium Ba 137.34 magnesium Mg 24.312 boron B 10.811 maganese Mn 54.938 calcium Ca 40.08 mercury Hg 200.59 carbon C 12.011 oxygen O 15.999 cerium Ce 140.12 phosphorus P 30.974 chlorine Cl 35.453 potassium K 39.102 chromium Cr 51.996 selenium Se 78.96 copper Cu 63.54 silicon Si 28.086 fluorine F 18.998 sodium Na 22.990 iodine J 126.904 strontium Sr 87.62 iron Fe 55.847 sulfur S 32.064 mass: kg g oz. Ib. kilogram: 1 kg = 1 1000 35.274 2.2046 grain: 1 gr. = 6.4799 · 10 ...5
6.4799 · 10
...2
2.2857 · 10
...3
1.4286 · 10
...4 ounce: 1 oz. = 2.8350 · 10 ...2
28.350 1 6.25 · 10
...2 troy ounce*) = 3.11035 · 10 ...2
31.1035 1 6.8572 · 10
...2 pound:) 1 lb. = 4.5359 · 10 ...1
453.59 16 1
short ton: 1 sh. t. = 907.18 metric ton: 1 t = 1000 = 1.1023 sh. t. * usual for noble metals. length: m In. ft. yd. meter: 1 m = 1 39.370 3.2808 1.0936
Inch: 1 in. = 2.54 · 10
...2
1 8.3333 · 10
...2
2.7778 · 10
...2 foot: 1 ft. = 3.048 · 10 ...1
12" 1 3.3333 · 10
...1 yard: 1 yd. = 9.144 · 10 ...1
36 3 1
mile: 1 ml. = 1609.3 63 360 5280 1760 area: m 2 cm 2 in 2 ft 2 square meter: 1 m 2 =1 10 4
1550.0 10.764
square inch: 1 in 2 = 6.4516 · 10 ...4
6.4516 1 6.9444 · 10
...3 square foot: 1 ft. 2 = 9.2903 · 10 ...2
929.03 144 1
acre: 1 A. 2 = 4046.9 ≈ 0,4 ha volume l gal in 3 ft 3 liter 1 l = 1 2.1997 · 10 ...1
61.024 3.5315 · 10
...2 milliliter: = cubic centimeter: 1 ml = 1 cm 3 =10 ...3
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