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FORTRAN 77 Language Reference

FORTRAN 77 Version 5.0

901 San Antonio Road

Palo Alto, , CA 94303-4900

USA 650 960-1300 fax 650 969-9131

Part No: 805-4939

Revision A, February 1999

Copyright Copyright 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX system, licensed from Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system,

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Please

Recycle

Contents

Preface xix

1. Elements of FORTRAN 1

Standards Conformance 1

Extensions 2

Basic Terms 2

Character Set 2

Symbolic Names 4

Program Units 6

Statements 7

Executable and Nonexecutable Statements 7

FORTRAN Statements 7

Source Line Formats 8

Standard Fixed Format 9

Tab-Format 9

Mixing Formats 9

Continuation Lines 9

Extended Lines 10

Padding 10

Comments and Blank Lines 10

Contentsiii

Directives 11

2. Data Types and Data Items 13

Types 13

Rules for Data Typing 13

Array Elements 14

Functions 14

Properties of Data Types 15

Size and Alignment of Data Types 20

Constants 24

Character Constants 24

Complex Constants 27

COMPLEX*16Constants 27

COMPLEX*32(Quad Complex) Constants 27

Integer Constants 28

Logical Constants 29

Real Constants 29

REAL*8(Double-Precision Real) Constants 31

REAL*16(Quad Real) Constants 32

Typeless Constants (Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal) 32

Fortran 90-Style Constants@36

Variables 36

Arrays 37

Array Declarators 37

Array Names with No Subscripts 40

Array Subscripts 40

Array Ordering 42

Substrings 43

Structures 45

iv FORTRAN 77 Language Reference¨Revision A, February 1999

Syntax 45

Field Declaration 45

Rules and Restrictions for Structures 46

Rules and Restrictions for Fields 46

Record Declaration 47

Record and Field Reference 48

Substructure Declaration 49

Unions and Maps 50

Pointers 52

Syntax Rules 52

Usage of Pointers 53

Address and Memory 53

Optimization and Pointers 55

3. Expressions 59

Expressions, Operators, and Operands 59

Arithmetic Expressions 60

Basic Arithmetic Expressions 61

Mixed Mode 62

Arithmetic Assignment 65

Character Expressions 66

Character String Assignment 67

Rules of Assignment 69

Logical Expressions 69

Relational Operator 72

Constant Expressions 73

Record Assignment 74

Evaluation of Expressions 75

4. Statements 77

Contentsv

ACCEPT77

Description 78

ASSIGN78

Description 78

Restrictions 78

Examples 79

Assignment79

Description 80

Examples 82

AUTOMATIC84

Description 84

Restrictions 84

Examples 85

Restrictions 85

BACKSPACE85

Description 86

Examples 86

BLOCK DATA87

Description 87

Restrictions 88

Example 88

BYTE88

Description 89

Example 89

CALL89

Description 89

Examples 91

CHARACTER92

vi FORTRAN 77 Language Reference¨Revision A, February 1999

Description 93

Examples 93

CLOSE95

Description 95

Comments 96

Examples 96

COMMON97

Description 97

Restrictions 97

Examples 98

COMPLEX98

Description 99

Comments 100

Examples 100

CONTINUE101

Description 101

Example 101

DATA102

Description 102

Examples 104

DECODE/ENCODE105

Description 105

Example 106

DIMENSION107

Description 107

Examples 108

DO109

Description 110

Contentsvii

Restrictions 112

Comments 112

Examples 112

DO WHILE113

Description 114

Restrictions 115

Comments 115

Examples 116

DOUBLE COMPLEX116

Description 116

Comments 117

DOUBLE PRECISION117

Description 118

Example 118

ELSE118

Description 119

Restrictions 119

Examples 119

ELSE IF120

Description 120

Restrictions 121

Example 121

ENCODE/DECODE121

Description 122

Example 122

END122

Description 122

Example 123

viii FORTRAN 77 Language Reference¨Revision A, February 1999

END DO123

Description 123

Examples 123

END FILE124

Description 124

Restrictions 125

Examples 125

END IF125

Description 126

Examples 126

END MAP126

Description 126

Restrictions 126

Example 127

END STRUCTURE127

Description 127

Example 127

END UNION127

Description 128

Example 128

ENTRY128

Description 128

Restrictions 129

Examples 129

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