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Impressum

Publisher

Laboratory

ofIonBeamPhysics

ETHZurich

Schafmattstrasse

8093Zurich

www.ams.ethz.ch Print

Zumsteg

DruckAG

5070Frick

www.zumstegͲdruck.ch

Circulation

250
Autor

Projectteam,LaboratoryofIonBeamPhysics

Cover

AmandaEisenhut,ETHZurich

HeidiHostettler,ETHZurich

March2013

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

Editorial5

TheTANDEMAMSfacility7

Operationofthe6MVTANDEMaccelerator8

HighvoltagegenerationinaPelletron9

ApplicationofAcceleratorSIMS10

TheTANDYAMSfacility11

Activitiesonthe0.6MVTANDYin201212

Absorbersetupfor

BedetectionattheTANDY13

Detectionof

26
Al 2+ 14 A simplifiedBraggdetector15

DigitalpulseprocessingforAMS16

Isotopicanalysisofamericiumandcurium17

ExtractionofUandPufromseawatersamples18

TheupgradeofthePekingUniversityAMS19

TheMICADASAMSfacilities21

Radiocarbon

measurementsonMICADASin201222

ThemyCADASfacilityperformance23

Heliumstrippingofcarbonionsat45keV24

CouplinglaserablationtoanAMSsystem25

Samplepreparationandmeasurement26

CO 2 trappingforversatileAMSanalysis27

StraightflushingofacidreleasedCO

2 28

AnupdateoninͲsitucosmogenic

Canalysis29

Fromstudiedobjecttoarchive30

Radiocarbonapplications31

Csamplesin201232

Growthrateofmodernstromatolites33

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

2EruptionoftheChangbaishanvolcano34

Pearls:Beautifulbuthowold?36

PasthydroclimateofInnerAsia37

RockfallhistoryoftheOeschinenarea38

Timeframeforpaleosolarchitecture39

Rece ntagingofMackenziedeltalakesediments42

Meteoriccosmogenicnuclides43

Estimationoferosionratesusingmeteoric

10 Be44 10

BeinSwisslacustrinesediments45

BeandtheLaschampeventinsediments46

"Insitu" cosmogenicnuclides47 In situ 14

Cproductionwithdepth48

When didtheLGMicemassdecayinthehighAlps?49

ExposuredatingoftheChironicolandslide53

Clexposuredatingof"MarocchediDro"54

TheAD1717rockavalanchenearMontBlanc55

TheageoftherockavalancheatObernberg56

Dating

theOeschinenseerockavalanche57

PrehistoricrockavalanchesatRinderhorn58

BedenudationratesintheCentralAndes59

Landscaperesponsetotectonicuplift60

LandscapeevolutionoftheAarevalley62

GlacialimpactonerosionoftheFeldberg63

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

Anthropogenic

radionuclides65 A firsttransectof 236

UintheAtlanticOcean67

IodineͲ129inGermansoils

Determination

ofplutoniuminsoils69

Adsorptionof

242

Pu(VI)ondifferentclays70

129

Ifromaleadtarget71

LongͲlivedhalogenradionuclidesinLBE72

Materialssciences73

Gasionizationchambersimulation74

MCsimulationforthecapillarymicroprobe175

MCsimulationforthecapillarymicroprobe276

MCsimulationforthecapillarymicroprobe377

Capillarymicrobeamdiametermeasurements78

FirstPIXEimagewithacapillarymicroprobe80

Heliumchannelinginlutetiummanganate81

Oxygenstoichiometryofzirconiafilms83

TRIDYN

simulationofmetalionetching84

Education87

Ionbeamanalysislaboratorycourse88

Onestepbeforeuniversity89

LIPatLIP90

Publications

TalksandPosters97

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

Seminars

Springsemester106

Fallsemester107

Theses

Internal109

External110

Collaborations113

Visitors120

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

EDITORIAL

ionbeamtechnology. d evarietyof research disturbance the1+chargestateinheli consumed ars with2000annualoperationhours. drivenbyDanysikA/S(Denmark),w acceleratorandmassspectrometricsystems. consortiumpartners. totheeducationalprogramofETH. chni ques.

HansͲArnoSynal,PeterW.Kubik

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

THETANDEMAMSFACILITY

Operation

ofthe6MVTANDEMaccelerator

HighvoltagegenerationinaPelletron

ApplicationofAcceleratorSIMS

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

OPERATIONOFTHE6MVTANDEMACCELERATOR

Beamtimestatistics

Scientific

2012wasthefirstyearofthe6MVENTANDEM

acceleratorbeingoperatedwiththeNEC summer2011(Fig.1).

Fig.1:TherunningHEchainattheterminal.

Notethatunderrunningconditionsthe

whenfineͲtuningtheirposition.

Compared

totheyearbefore,thetotaltimeof operation hasincreasedagainandpassedthe

TANDEMwasnotrunningatitsfullpotential

yet.

Initialproblemswiththenewcharging

systemandthereplacementofsometerminal openingsin2012whichrequiredasignificant partoftherunningtimetobeusedfortesting andconditioning(20%).

Theremainingactivebeamtimewasshared

aboutequallybetweenAMSandthematerials measuredattheTANDEM, 10 Be, 26
Aland 36
Cl.In addition,developmentsattheSIMSionsource werededicatedmainlytotheionsofthe platinumgroupelements.AMSandSIMS measurementswereoftenmadeatlower terminalvoltagesthanusualbecauseof problemswiththechargingsystem.

Fig.2:TimestatisticsoftheTANDEMoperation

subdividedintoAMS,materialssciences,and serviceandmaintenanceactivities.

Despite

thereducedavailablebeamtimefor

AMSwewerestillabletoanalyzeabout1000

10 Be, 100
26

Aland200

Clsamples.

Clcanonly

be measuredinourlaboratorywiththehigher terminalvoltagesoftheTANDEM.Usually, 36
Cl 7+ isanalyzedat6.1MVresultinginanionenergy ofabout49MeV.Severalbeamtimeshadtobe performedatalowerterminalvoltage(5.5MV) orwithalowerchargestate(5+insteadof7+) because foilstrippingwasnotavailableatthat time.However,improvementsindetector designallo wed sufficient 36

ClͲ

Sisobar

separationattheresultinglowerenergies.

Theenhancedstabilityofthebeamenergyat

low andmediumterminalvoltagesisofbenefit

Besidesroutineionbeamanalysisworkand

irradiationswithmorethan1000samplesin

2012,severalnewdevelopmentswererealized

andaredocu mentedinseveralcontributionsto thisannualreport. For

2013,improvementswiththePelletron

chargingsystemareforeseenthathopefully allowoperatingtheENTANDEMatitsfull potentialforroutinemeasurementsaswellas forexcitingnewdevelopmentsinAMSandthe materialssciences.

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

HIGHVOLTAGEGENERATIONINAPELLETRON

C.Vockenhuber,R.Gruber,S.Bühlmann

NECPelletronaccelerators,highvoltageis

generated bytransportingelectricchargefrom groundtotheterminalwitharotatingchainof pelletsisolatedfromeachother(Fig.1). thepelletsareincontactwiththedrivepulley andarechar ged positivelyusinganelectrodeat leavethepulley(butwhilestillinsidethe inductor) thechargeistrappedinsidethepellet andcanthusbetransportedtotheterminal.

Thereverseprocesstakesplaceasthepellets

movefromtheterminaltogroundres u ltingina pelletsanddrainsomechargeoffthepellets providing thushighvoltageontheterminalside. ofthepelletsastheymovetowardsthedrive andterminalpulleys.ComparedtobeltͲ systemhasbetterterminalvoltagestability.

Fig.1:SchematicsofthePelletroncharging

system(www.pelletron.com/charging.htm).

AccordingtoQ=CVthechargingcurrent

dependsonthevoltageandcapacitanceofthe inductorsandonthevelocityofthechain nominallyrunningataspeedof16m/s.Typical voltage.

Followingonanid

e aoftheVERAAMS laboratory inverter.Thisresultsinimprovedcharging stabilityandreducedmechanicalvibrations.

AttheTANDY,therimmaterialofthepulleysis

electricalcontacttothepellets.AttheEN

TANDEM,pulleyswithconductiverimmaterial

areusedeliminatingtheneedforthelateral contactbands.Thistypeofpulleyprovidesa pelletsurfaceisexposedtotheelectricfield insidetheinductor.

Fig.2:ChargingefficienciesattheTANDYand

ENTANDEM.NotethattheTANDEMLEchain

ran7%slowerthantheHEchain.

However,afteraboutoneyearofoperatingthe

ENTANDEMwithaPelletronchargingsystemit

turnedoutthattheconductivedustabraded fromthechainlimitstheperformanceat terminalvoltagesabove5MV.Frequentsparks occurevenwhentheacceleratorisconditioned tomorethan6MV.Similarexperienceatother laboratories(e.g.VERAandANU)persuadedus toreplacetheTANDEMpulleyswiththenonͲ

TheshutdownbeganinlateDecember2012.

IonBeamPhysics,ETHZurichAnnualreport2012

APPLICATIONOFACCELERATORSIMS

Measurementofisotopicratios

D.Güttler,C.Vockenhuber,H.ͲA.Synal

AttheLaboratoryofIonBeamPhysicsaSIMS

(SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry)ionsource iscoupledtothe6MVTANDEMAMSfacility.

Thissetupcombinesthecleansputtering

environmentoftheSIMStechniquewiththe highersensitivityofAMSwhichisanadvantage in particularfortheana lysisofheaviertrace elements.

WithintheEuropean"EuroGenesis"program

significantlyfromthesolarsystemvalues.

Isotopic

signaturesofelementsintherareearth regionandofplatin umgroupelementscangive hintsabouttheprocessesofheavyelement nucleosynthesisintheenvironmentofmassive starsandsupernovae.

Fig.1:ThePtisotopes

195
Pt, 196
Pt, 198

PtquasiͲ

ionizationchamber.

ReferencesampleswithdifferentPtisotope

ratios wereusedtocalibratetheSIMSͲAMS setup.Theseconsistedofchemicallyprepared samplescontainingPtisotopesinanAl 2 O 3 matrixandofpureSiwafersimplantedwith well Ͳ1 wasobservedduringthe measurementscorrespondingtoadetection limitof2x10 15

Ptatoms/cm

3 For themeasurementofisotopicratiosthe beambouncingsystemofthelowͲenergyquotesdbs_dbs12.pdfusesText_18

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