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Urbanization Facts and Figures
Exactly 30 years ago, the United Nations convened the Habitat I conference in Vancouver in 1976. However, it
would be true to say that in 1976, rapid urbanization and its impacts were barely on the radar screen of the UN,
especially as only one-third of humanity lived in urban areas.Then, the world's population was primarily rural. But since then, the world has started to witness the greatest and fastest migration into cities and towns in history. Now, 30 years later, the proportion of people living in urban areas
The 10 largest cities (urban agglomerations) in the World Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 revision. countries. countries.Population growth
Today, virtually one out of every two people on the planet is a "cityzen" (city dw eller).In parts of Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, rates of urban growth now exceed 3 per cent per year, while
average; others are in fact losing population. of its population is urbanized.The total population of cities in the developing regions of the world already exceeds that of cities in all of the
dwellers, will live in cities of the developing world. Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 revisionUrbanization patterns and demographic trends
Today, the majority of urban migrants are moving from smaller towns and cities to larger ones, or moving
between cities. Cities are not burgeoning any longer with rural in-migrants. Rural-to-urban migration is not any
speeding the rate of urbanization.rate than any other city. The relative absence of infrastructure, such as roads, water supply and communication
regionally and leads to a lower quality of life for their citizens. in cities. They have higher densities and are experiencing higher urban growth.metacity such as Greater Mumbai has a larger population than the total population of Norway and Sweden
combined. These cities call for new, innovative and more decentralized forms of governance with better and
stronger inter-municipal relations. The scale of environmental impact of metacities and megacities on their
"manageability" is more related to failures of governance and urba n planning, rather than to city size per se.Urbanization trends and MDGs
Meeting the Millennium Development Goals means addressing development issues in cities, especially
City economics
not only producing goods and services and hosting international institutions, but also generating related
economic and civil society activity.Cities offer the greatest potential for reducing poverty. However, cities that are adopting a world or regional
about the "right to the city", or raising some questions about env ironmental sustainability.In the developing world, there has been a trend toward "informalization" of the urban economy, with increasing
shares of incomes earned in unregulated employment. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 7 out of 10 new
jobs in urban areas are created in the informal sector. Women account for a disproportionately larger share of
Social aspects
Insecurity: While terrorism dominates the concerns of cities of the developed world, most cities in developing
countries are contending with other forms of insecurity that threaten their lives and livelihoods. The security of
their access to health care. The HIV/AIDS pandemic has particular implications for urban security as it leads
to loss of household income, growth in the phenomenon of orphaned street children, and disintegration of the
family unit. Many urban poor families also face the constant threat of eviction. Insecurity is exacerbated by
insecure tenure with respect to both housing and land.Inequalities: Economic growth has not resulted in prosperity for all. On the contrary, intra-city inequalities
have risen as the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. Although poverty remains a primarily rural
phenomenon, large sections of the population in urban areas are suffering from extreme levels of deprivation
that are often more debilitating than those experienced by the rural poo r.UN-HABITAT analyses have shown that the incidence of disease and mortality is much higher in slums than
in non-slum areas, and in some cases, such as HIV prevalence and other health indicators, is even higher
experienced in poor urban neighbourhoods.Inequality in access to services, housing, land, education, health and employment opportunities within cities
have socio-economic, environmental and political repercussions, including rising violence, urban unrest,
environmental degradation, and underemployment, which threaten to diminish any gains in income and poverty
reduction.they suggest. The high cost of non-food items, such as transport, health, education, and water in cities - and
poor living conditions, including inadequate housing and poor access to water and sanitation - impact the
ability of the urban poor to rise out of poverty. When these items are included to measure poverty, estimates
This is a UN-HABITAT Feature/Backgrounder
, please feel free to publish or quote from this article provided UN-HABITAT is given credit. Suitable photographs are available on our website. For further information, please contact:
Mr. Sharad Shankardass, Spokesperson, or Ms. Zahra Hassan, Press & Media L iaison, Press & Media Relations Unit,Tel: (254 2) 7623153/7623151, Fax: (254 2) 7624060, E-mail: habitat.press@unhabitat.org, Website: www.unhabitat.org
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