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Korean Grammar HANSOL H B LEE Professor of Phonetics and Linguistics; and Director of Language Research Institute, Seoul National University

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KoreanGrammar

H.B.LEE

Thisbookisareferencegrammarcoveringmany

aspectsofmodernstandardKoreanrangingfrom phoneticstosyntax,andeveryefforthasbeen madetodescribeassimplyandconciselyas possiblethelinguisticfactsofKoreanasitis spokeninSeoul.Korea.

Thelanguageissetoutinamethodological

andorderlymanner,withmanyexamples,and whiletheauthorhastakenadvantageofcurrent manyofhistechnicaltermsareintroducedwith explanationsandillustrationsfromEnglish detailsofpresent-daylinguistics.

Thebookwillbeusefulnotonlytolinguistsin

generalandspecialistsinKoreanbutalsoto inanyaspectoftheKoreanlanguage,now spokenbynearly64millionpeople.

H.B.LeeisProfessorofPhoneticsand

SCHOOLOFORIENTALANDAFRICANSTUDIES

KoreanGrammar

KoreanGrammar

HANSOLH.B.LEE

ProfessorofPhoneticsandLinguistics;and

DirectorofLanguageResearchInstitute,

SeoulNationalUniversity

OXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS

1989

OxfordNewYorkToronto

DelhiBombayCalcuttaMadrasKarachi

PetalingJavaSingaporeHongKongTokyo

NairobiDaresSalaamCapeTown

MelbourneAuckland

andassociatedcompaniesin

BeirutBerlinIbadanNicosia

PublishedintheUnitedStates

byOxfordUniversityPress,NewYork

CcHansolH.B.Lee1989

Lee,HansolH.B.

Koreangrammar.

I.Koreanlanguage-Grammar

1.Title

495.782PL9I3

ISBN0-19-713606-0

Yi,Hyon-bok,1936-

Koreangrammar.

'SchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies'-

Bibliography:p.195Includesindex.

I.Koreanlanguage-Grammar.I.Universityof

II.Title.

PL91LY461988495.7587-25027

ISBN0-19-713606-0

SetbyMoonycKoreaPublications

PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby

BiddlesLtd,GuildfordandKing'sl.vnn

Preface

general. duringhisstudentdaysinLondon.

LondonHansolHyunBokLee

July,1986

v

Contents

Prefacev

Abbreviationsxi

I.Introduction

1.1.TheKoreanLanguagepassim1

1.2.WritingSystem2

1.3.TheTypeofKoreandescribedinthisBook6

1.4.TheScopeandMethodofAnalysis7

II.PhoneticsandPhonology

2.1.PhoneticsandPhonology10

2.2.TheKoreanPhonemes10

2.4.TheSyllableStructure20

2.5.SyllableQuantityandStress21

2.6.StressGroup23

2.7.Juncture27

2.8.Intonation29

2.9.Intonemes32

2.10.Transcription33

ill.WordandWordClasses

3.1.DefinitionofWord37

3.2.TypesofWords38

3.3.WordClasses39

3.3.1.Verb39

3.3.2.Noun40

3.3.3.Adjective40

3.3.4.Adverb41

3.3.5.Particle41

3.3.6.Interjection41

3.4.Sub-classesofWordClasses42

3.4.1.Sub-classesofVerbs42

3.4.2.Sub-classesofNouns50

3.4.3.Sub-classesofAdjectives59

3.4.4.Sub-classesofAdverbs61

3.4.5.Sub-classesofParticles65

3.4.6.Sub-classesofInterjections75

KJ tO viiiContents

IV.StructureoftheVerb

4.1.ElementswithintheVerb76

4.2.Stem77

4.2.1.StructureoftheVerbStem77

4.2.2.StemClasses78

4.3.

VerbSuffixesandInflectionalEndings83

4.3.1.VoiceSuffix84

4.3.2.HonorificSuffix87

4.3.3.TenseSuffixes87

4.3.4.HumbleSuffix96

4.3.5.InflectionalEndings98

4.3.5.1.FinalEndings98

4.3.5.2.Non-FinalEndings105

4.3.5.3.ConcatenatingEndings11

1

V.Phrase

1 1 5.1.

NominalPhrase112

5.1.2.NominalHead113

5.1.3.NominalExpansion118

5.2.

VerbalPhrase122

5.2.1.1.HeadofVerbalPhrase124

5.2.1.1.1.NucleusofVerbalHead125

5.2.1.1.2.SatelliteofVerbalHead126

Restrictions128

VerbalHead129

5.2.1.

2.

ExpansionofVerbalPhrase142

5.3.RelationalPhrase145

VI.Clause

j4j

6.1.FinalandNon-FinalClause148

6.2.ElementsofClause149

.1.Predicate149 .2.Subject152

6.2.3.Object152

6.2.4.Complement152

6.2.5.Agent153

6.2.6.Adjunct153

6.3.TypesofFinalClause155

6.3.1.TransitiveClause155

6.3.2.IntransitiveClause157

6.3.3.DescriptiveClause157

6.3.4.EquationalClause160

ContentsIX

6.3.5.PassiveClause161

6.3.6.CausativeClause163

6.4.TypesofNon-FinalClause169

6.4.2.NominalClause170

6.4.3.AdjectivalClause173

6.4.4.AdverbialClause177

VII.Sentence186

7.1.DefinitionoftheSentence186

7.2.MajorandMinorSentence186

7.3.MajorSentence187

7.3.1.StructureofMajorSentence187

7.3.2.MajorSentenceCategories189

7.3.2.1.DeclarativeSentence189

7.3.2.2.InterrogativeSentence189

7.3.2.3.ImperativeSentence191

7.3.2.4.PropositiveSentence191

7.4.SimpleandCompoundSentences192

7.4.1.SimpleSentences192

7.4.2.CompoundSentences192

7.5.MinorSentences193

7.5.1.EllipticalType193

7.5.2.InitiatingType194

Bibliography

PartI:KoreanLinguistics195

PartII:GeneralLinguistics203

Index213

Abbreviations

A act.

Adj./adj.

adj.cl. adj.(rei.)ph.

Adv./adv.

adv.cl. adv.ph. Ag. aux. ani. C c. caus. cl. comp. concat. conj. d. decl. deic. deriv. end. Exp. f.cl./nf.cl. fmtv. fut. H hon. impcr. ina. infix.

Interj./interj.

intr. md. mdf.

Adjunct

active

Adjective/adjectival

adjectivalclause adjectivalrelationalphrase

Adverb/adverbial

adverbialclause adverbialphrase Agent auxiliary animate (ii)Complement coordinator causative clause compound concatenating conjunctive descriptive declarative deictic derived/derivational ending

Expansion

finalclause/non-finalclause formative future Head honorific imperative inanimate inflectional

Interjection/interjectival

intransitive mood modifying xi

Abbreviationsxii

N/n

N.ani.

N.ina.

N.hon.

N.num.

N.n.ind.

N.pl.

N.Cl./n.cl.

NP

Nuc./nuc.

num. O P- pasv.

Pcl./pcl.

ph. pres. prfx. presump. progr. prop.

Rel/rel.

retros. S

Sat./sat.

sfx.

St./st.

sub. t. tr. V/v.

V.aux.

V.c. V.d. V.p. V.pl.

V.hon.

V.intr.

V.tr. VP vc. Z/z

Noun/nominal

Animatenoun

Inanimatenoun

Honorificnoun

Numeralnoun

Non-independentnoun

Plainnoun

NominalClause

NominalPhrase

Nucleus

numeral

Object

processive passive

Particle

phrase present prefix presumptive progressive propositive relational retrospective

Subject

Satellite

suffix stem subordinate tense transitive (ii)Verb/verbal

AuxiliaryVerb

CopulaVerb

DescriptiveVerb

ProcessiveVerb

PlainVerb

HonorificVerb

IntransitiveVerb

TransitiveVerb

VerbalPhrase

voice

Sentence

AbbreviationsXlll

Symbolsandnotations

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