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\%%o\l:lAGRAMMAR OFTHE

ARABICLANGUAGE,

TRANSLATED

FROMTHEGERMANOFCASPARI,

ANDEDITED

WITHNUMEROUSADDITIONSANDCORRECTIONS

BY

W.WEIGHT,LL.D.,

%\THIRDEDITIONREVISEDBY*i

W.ROBERTSONSMITH,

AND

M.J.deGOEJE,

VOLUMEI.?

DATE...

/Vf?K£.6

CAMBRIDGE:

ATTHEUNIVERSITYPRESS.

1896
(o2)05 v.l

Cambrfofit:

PRINTEDBYJ.ANDC.F.CLAY,

ATTHEUNIVERSITYPRESS.

PEEFACETOTHETHIEDEDITION.

seeingthebookthroughthepress.

VIPREFACETOTHETHIRDEDITION.

hasnotedonthemargin "wantsrevision." deathbyRobertsonSmith(1890). hascontributedmuchtotheimprovingofit.

TheSecondVolumeisnowintheprinters'hands.

M.J.deGOEJE.

Leyden,

February,1896.

"A p

PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.

1866).

VlilPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.

Arabischen(1856).

hasbeenpublishedoflateyearsuponthissubject - thefanciful TheancientSemiticlanguages - ArabicandiEthiopic,Assyrian, ChaldeeandSyriac) - areascloselyconnectedwitheachother astheRomancelanguages - Italian,Spanish,Portuguese,Pro-

Semiticdialects,Arabicand^Ethiopic, - butespeciallytheformer, - have,Istillthink,preservedahigherdegreeoflikenesstothe

ofOppert,Sayce,andSchrader.

PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.IX

spokenlanguageofmediaevalandmoderntimes. obligation.

W.WRIGHT.

Cambridge,

1stJuly,1874.

withaviewtothepublicationofaNewEdition. l\

CONTENTS.

PARTFIRST.

ORTHOGRAPHYANDORTHOEPY.

PAGE

I.TheLettersasConsonants1

II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs7

III.OtherOrthographicSigns13

A.GezmaorSukun13

B.TesdidorSedda13

C.HemzaorNebra16

\D.Wasla19

E.MeddaorMatta........24

IV.TheSyllable26

V.TheAccent27

VI.TheNumbers28

PARTSECOND.

ETYMOLOGYORTHEPARTSOFSPEECH.

I.THEVERB.

A.GENERALVIEW.

1.TheFormsoftheTriliteralVerb29

^TheFirstForm30

TheSecondForm31

TheThirdForm32

TheFourthForm34

XllCONTENTS.

TheFifthForm

TheSixthForm

TheSeventhForm

TheEighthForm

TheNinthandEleventhForms

TheTenthForm

TheQuadriliteralVerbanditsForms

TheVoices

TheStates(Tenses)oftheVerb

TheMoods

TheNumbers,Persons,andGenders

PAGE 36
38
40
41
43
44
46
47
49
51
51
52

B.THESTRONGVERB.

TheActiveVoiceoftheFirstForm....

a.TheInflexionbyPersons

1.SeparatePronouns

b.FormsoftheTensesandMoods

TheImperfectIndicative

TheSubjunctiveandJussive....*.

TheEnergetic

TheImperative

ThePassiveVoiceoftheFirstForm....

TheDerivedFormsoftheStrongVerb

TheQuadriliteralVerb

53
53
54
55
55
57
57
60
61
61
63
63
67

C.THEWEAKVERB.

1.VerbaHomzata

A.VerbaPrim®Radicalis^et^£

B.VerbaMedisaRadicalis^et^

C.VerbaTertiaBRadicalis^et^

3.VerbsthatareDoublyandTreblyWeak.

DoublyWeakVerbs

TreblyWeakVerbs

72
78
81

CONTENTS.Xlll

PAGE

AppendixA.

I.TheVerbJ~J96

II.TheVerbsofPraiseandBlame97

AppendixB.

II.THENOUN.

A.THENOUNSSUBSTANTIVEANDADJECTIVE.

differentForms106 a.TheDeverbalNouns. (a)TheNominaVerbi110 (0)TheNominaVicis122 (y)TheNominaSpeciei123 (5)TheNominaLocietTemporis124 (e)TheNominaInstrumenti130

Adjectives131

b.TheDenominativeNouns. (a)TheNominaUnitatis147 (y)TheNominaVasis149

I.ChangesoftheAuxiliaryConsonants..151

II.ChangesoftheFinalRadicalsjand^J

..156

III..ChangesintheVocalisation....159

(e)TheAbstractNounsofQuality165 (C)TheDiminutive166 (rj)SomeotherNominalForms175

2.TheGenderofNouns177

FormationoftheFeminineofAdjectives183

FormswhichareofbothGenders185

3.TheNumbersofNouns187

TheDual187

ThePluralisSanus192

ThePluralisFractus199

xivCONTENTS. PAGE

4.TheDeclensionofNouns.234

I.TheDeclensionofUndefinedNouns234

Diptotes239

II.TheDeclensionofDefinedNouns247

Appendix.

B.THENUMERALS.

1.TheCardinalNumbers253

2.TheOrdinalNumbers260

3.TheremainingClassesofNumerals262

C.THENOMINADEMONSTRATIVAANDCONJUNCTIVA.

1.TheDemonstrativePronounsandtheArticle

(a)TheConjunctivePronouns... (6)TheInterrogativePronouns....

3.TheIndefinitePronouns

264
270
270
274
277

III.THEPARTICLES.

A.THEPREPOSITIONS.

TheInseparablePrepositions279

TheSeparablePrepositions280

B.THEADVERBS.

TheInseparableAdverbialParticles282

TheSeparableAdverbialParticles283

AdverbialAccusatives288

C.THECONJUNCTIONS.

TheInseparableConjunctions290

TheSeparableConjunctions.291

D.THEINTERJECTIONS294

PARADIGMSOFTHEVERBS298

PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.8i

PAKTFIRST.

ORTHOGRAPHYANDORTHOEPY.

I.THELETTERSASCONSONANTS.

alongwiththeirnamesandnumericalvalues.B NAME.

§1]I.TheLettersasConsonants.3

sequence;viz. whichthefollowingareexamples.

£hh.&*sh.J,fy.

£**!*#•irl$'C

^.gh.j&'%s*&Imh. elegantEasternfounts.] 3,i.

4PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§1

j*A*J6to*>St*

£>"iUU^JtiUM,^eJwiththreepoints(3).

below.

3d*uitO3330*

3sua^ -pwtongueispressedagainstthegum(itJUt).

3**t0*withthetipofthetongue(&L>^t).

:thus ^>,^,butJ^j.]

§2]I.TheLettersasConsonants.

Jului&J130,

jaoa>o3jjo* joax throughtheopenorificeofthelips(js*m,)\).

JSiuttojjjosJSis\»i*

thepalate(£^tor£i*^l). xfix5<"s*Os uvula(SlyAJt)isbroughtintoplay. y0*»3JjSis0*JJJOsf.

Jl*0*3J^JJ

>istheItaliandental,softerthanourd.

6PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§2

oftenerd.] jistheEnglishz. is*isthesurdsinsit,mist;J^,shinshut. tonguethanthetrueBedouinu&.] timesspokenofasaJUmoJIAJaJI.

Danasalnorng.

approximationstoit*. wJisour/. forbX^xA,Hamdanled.Mliller193,17etc.,andofteninMss. - DeG.]

§§3,4]II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs.7

notg&nb,'anbar,shibau. nouncedlikeO,t)*.B usuallygivejthesoundofv.>

II.THEVOWELSANDDIPHTHONGS.

•>)la,^fiy^skai,£du,jilau. theshortvowels.

O»J

ww,*+*'bmrun. modern.1(Heb.jf - ),inwhichlastthedissilent.

8PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§5

thelatterthemarksL, - ,1.ComparetheHebrewMH^,*\1& £laJIywftUajj^jaJI.[Anothernamefordammiskabw,^3. - X learner*.

§6]II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs.9

_x•# 96jJ
orhosnun,w*fc>ro bun,j**fi>'o'mrun. emphaticconsonants, - andinopensyllableswhichneithercommence with,norimmediatelyprecede,oneofthoseletters, - fethaeitherhas endofaword. binations^j - andjLmustalwaysbepronounced1andu,noteando\ torun,tunun.

J5yJ*Si'J"0i,f*.J*'

wordsmerelybyafetha;e.g.j*jJI,^^1,*>» - ''»03J*> w.2

10PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§7

/J//" /JI///I//I/jU/JJt// jJ\Si/J/IJI•IJt0/.»10/ /J/»/81quotesdbs_dbs6.pdfusesText_11