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\%%o\l:lAGRAMMAR OFTHE
ARABICLANGUAGE,
TRANSLATED
FROMTHEGERMANOFCASPARI,
ANDEDITED
WITHNUMEROUSADDITIONSANDCORRECTIONS
BYW.WEIGHT,LL.D.,
%\THIRDEDITIONW.ROBERTSONSMITH,
ANDM.J.deGOEJE,
VOLUMEI.?
DATE...
/Vf?K£.6CAMBRIDGE:
ATTHEUNIVERSITYPRESS.
1896(o2)05 v.l
Cambrfofit:
PRINTEDBYJ.ANDC.F.CLAY,
ATTHEUNIVERSITYPRESS.
PEEFACETOTHETHIEDEDITION.
seeingthebookthroughthepress.VIPREFACETOTHETHIRDEDITION.
hasnotedonthemargin "wantsrevision." deathbyRobertsonSmith(1890). hascontributedmuchtotheimprovingofit.TheSecondVolumeisnowintheprinters'hands.
M.J.deGOEJE.
Leyden,
February,1896.
"A pPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.
1866).
VlilPREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.
Arabischen(1856).
hasbeenpublishedoflateyearsuponthissubject - thefanciful TheancientSemiticlanguages - ArabicandiEthiopic,Assyrian, ChaldeeandSyriac) - areascloselyconnectedwitheachother astheRomancelanguages - Italian,Spanish,Portuguese,Pro-Semiticdialects,Arabicand^Ethiopic, - butespeciallytheformer, - have,Istillthink,preservedahigherdegreeoflikenesstothe
ofOppert,Sayce,andSchrader.PREFACETOTHESECONDEDITION.IX
spokenlanguageofmediaevalandmoderntimes. obligation.W.WRIGHT.
Cambridge,
1stJuly,1874.
withaviewtothepublicationofaNewEdition. l\CONTENTS.
PARTFIRST.
ORTHOGRAPHYANDORTHOEPY.
PAGEI.TheLettersasConsonants1
II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs7
III.OtherOrthographicSigns13
A.GezmaorSukun13
B.TesdidorSedda13
C.HemzaorNebra16
\D.Wasla19E.MeddaorMatta........24
IV.TheSyllable26
V.TheAccent27
VI.TheNumbers28
PARTSECOND.
ETYMOLOGYORTHEPARTSOFSPEECH.
I.THEVERB.
A.GENERALVIEW.
1.TheFormsoftheTriliteralVerb29
^TheFirstForm30TheSecondForm31
TheThirdForm32
TheFourthForm34
XllCONTENTS.
TheFifthForm
TheSixthForm
TheSeventhForm
TheEighthForm
TheNinthandEleventhForms
TheTenthForm
TheQuadriliteralVerbanditsForms
TheVoices
TheStates(Tenses)oftheVerb
TheMoods
TheNumbers,Persons,andGenders
PAGE 3638
40
41
43
44
46
47
49
51
51
52
B.THESTRONGVERB.
TheActiveVoiceoftheFirstForm....
a.TheInflexionbyPersons1.SeparatePronouns
b.FormsoftheTensesandMoodsTheImperfectIndicative
TheSubjunctiveandJussive....*.
TheEnergetic
TheImperative
ThePassiveVoiceoftheFirstForm....
TheDerivedFormsoftheStrongVerb
TheQuadriliteralVerb
5353
54
55
55
57
57
60
61
61
63
63
67
C.THEWEAKVERB.
1.VerbaHomzata
A.VerbaPrim®Radicalis^et^£
B.VerbaMedisaRadicalis^et^
C.VerbaTertiaBRadicalis^et^
3.VerbsthatareDoublyandTreblyWeak.
DoublyWeakVerbs
TreblyWeakVerbs
7278
81
CONTENTS.Xlll
PAGEAppendixA.
I.TheVerbJ~J96
II.TheVerbsofPraiseandBlame97
AppendixB.
II.THENOUN.
A.THENOUNSSUBSTANTIVEANDADJECTIVE.
differentForms106 a.TheDeverbalNouns. (a)TheNominaVerbi110 (0)TheNominaVicis122 (y)TheNominaSpeciei123 (5)TheNominaLocietTemporis124 (e)TheNominaInstrumenti130Adjectives131
b.TheDenominativeNouns. (a)TheNominaUnitatis147 (y)TheNominaVasis149I.ChangesoftheAuxiliaryConsonants..151
II.ChangesoftheFinalRadicalsjand^J
..156III..ChangesintheVocalisation....159
(e)TheAbstractNounsofQuality165 (C)TheDiminutive166 (rj)SomeotherNominalForms1752.TheGenderofNouns177
FormationoftheFeminineofAdjectives183
FormswhichareofbothGenders185
3.TheNumbersofNouns187
TheDual187
ThePluralisSanus192
ThePluralisFractus199
xivCONTENTS. PAGE4.TheDeclensionofNouns.234
I.TheDeclensionofUndefinedNouns234
Diptotes239
II.TheDeclensionofDefinedNouns247
Appendix.
B.THENUMERALS.
1.TheCardinalNumbers253
2.TheOrdinalNumbers260
3.TheremainingClassesofNumerals262
C.THENOMINADEMONSTRATIVAANDCONJUNCTIVA.
1.TheDemonstrativePronounsandtheArticle
(a)TheConjunctivePronouns... (6)TheInterrogativePronouns....3.TheIndefinitePronouns
264270
270
274
277
III.THEPARTICLES.
A.THEPREPOSITIONS.
TheInseparablePrepositions279
TheSeparablePrepositions280
B.THEADVERBS.
TheInseparableAdverbialParticles282
TheSeparableAdverbialParticles283
AdverbialAccusatives288
C.THECONJUNCTIONS.
TheInseparableConjunctions290
TheSeparableConjunctions.291
D.THEINTERJECTIONS294
PARADIGMSOFTHEVERBS298
PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.8i
PAKTFIRST.
ORTHOGRAPHYANDORTHOEPY.
I.THELETTERSASCONSONANTS.
alongwiththeirnamesandnumericalvalues.B NAME.§1]I.TheLettersasConsonants.3
sequence;viz. whichthefollowingareexamples.£hh.&*sh.J,fy.
£**!*#•irl$'C
^.gh.j&'%s*&Imh. elegantEasternfounts.] 3,i.4PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§1
j*A*J6to*>St*£>"iUU^JtiUM,^eJwiththreepoints(3).
below.3d*uitO3330*
3sua^ -pwtongueispressedagainstthegum(itJUt).3**t0*withthetipofthetongue(&L>^t).
:thus ^>,^,butJ^j.]§2]I.TheLettersasConsonants.
Jului&J130,
jaoa>o3jjo* joax throughtheopenorificeofthelips(js*m,)\).JSiuttojjjosJSis\»i*
thepalate(£^tor£i*^l). xfix5<"s*Os uvula(SlyAJt)isbroughtintoplay. y0*»3JjSis0*JJJOsf.Jl*0*3J^JJ
>istheItaliandental,softerthanourd.6PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§2
oftenerd.] jistheEnglishz. is*isthesurdsinsit,mist;J^,shinshut. tonguethanthetrueBedouinu&.] timesspokenofasaJUmoJIAJaJI.Danasalnorng.
approximationstoit*. wJisour/. forbX^xA,Hamdanled.Mliller193,17etc.,andofteninMss. - DeG.]§§3,4]II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs.7
notg&nb,'anbar,shibau. nouncedlikeO,t)*.B usuallygivejthesoundofv.>II.THEVOWELSANDDIPHTHONGS.
•>)la,^fiy^skai,£du,jilau. theshortvowels.O»J
ww,*+*'bmrun. modern.1(Heb.jf - ),inwhichlastthedissilent.8PartFirst. - OrthographyandOrthoepy.[§5
thelatterthemarksL, - ,1.ComparetheHebrewMH^,*\1& £laJIywftUajj^jaJI.[Anothernamefordammiskabw,^3. - X learner*.§6]II.TheVowelsandDiphthongs.9
_x•# 96jJorhosnun,w*fc>ro bun,j**fi>'o'mrun. emphaticconsonants, - andinopensyllableswhichneithercommence with,norimmediatelyprecede,oneofthoseletters, - fethaeitherhas endofaword. binations^j - andjLmustalwaysbepronounced1andu,noteando\ torun,tunun.