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[PDF] The Korean Language i

THE KOREAN LANGUAGE

The Korean language is ranked eleventh amongst the languages of the world in terms of numbers of speakers. Korean is now studied as an important foreign language in an increasing number of countries. This book provides a good overview of the language, written in a readable way without neglecting any major structural aspects of the language. Furthermore, the book explains the geographical, historical, social and cultural context of the language. The Korean Language is designed to be accessible to English-speaking learners of Korean and scholars working in disciplines other than linguistics, as well as serving as a useful introduction for general linguists. The book complements Korean language textbooks used in the classroom and will be welcomed not only by readers with a wider interest in Korean studies, but also by Asian specialists in general. Jae Jung Song teaches linguistics at the University of Otago, New Zealand. He has contributed to international journals including, Lingua, Linguistics, Journal of Pragmatics and Oceanic Linguistics. He is the author of Causatives and Causation (1996) and Linguistic Typology: Morphology and Syntax (2001). He is also co-editor, with Anna Siewierska, of Case, Typology and Grammar (1998). ii iii

THE KOREAN

LANGUAGE

Structure, use and context

Jae Jung Song

iv

First published 2005

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

© 2005 Jae Jung Song

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Song, Jae Jung, 1958-

The Korean language : structure, use and context / Jae Jung Song. p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-415-32802-0 (alk. paper)

1. Korean language-Grammar. I. Title.

PL911.S655 2005

495.7-dc22

2005001117

ISBN 0-415-32802-0

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.

"To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge"scollection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk."

v For Kee-Ho, Peter, Taeyeon, James, Julia, Rochelle and Michelle, who unwittingly motivated me to write this book vi vii

CONTENTS

Prefaceix

Abbreviationsxii

A note on romanization and Korean personal namesxiii

Map 1: North and South Koreaxiv

Map 2: Korea and the regionxv

1 Korea: history, culture and language 1

Geography: land and population1

History3

Culture and society: age, gender and chwulsin 10

Korean: the language and its wider relations13

2 Sounds and their patterns: phonology 22

Standard South Korean: Phyocwune24

Sounds in Korean: consonants, vowels and semivowels24 Sounds in combination: syllables and sound adjustment32 Beyond sounds: stress, intonation and connected speech39

Pronunciation of loanwords42

3 Writing systems: Hankul and Hanca 45

Hankul: historical and conceptual background47

Origins of Hankul: a controversy?53

Writing conventions: the Original Form Principle54 Other conventions: spacing, punctuation and direction58

Chinese characters in present day Korea: Hanca60

How to find words in Hankul and Hanca dictionaries61

Romanization systems: which system to use63

viii4 Words and fixed expressions: vocabulary 67

Word classes: parts of speech70

Origins: native words, Sino-Korean words and loanwords83quotesdbs_dbs2.pdfusesText_3