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Fioh.r-A11102469242ComputerScience

andTechnology NBS

PUBLICATIONSNBSSpecialPublication500-138

AFunctionalModel

forFourthGenerationLanguages

GaryE.Fisher

#500-138 1986

ScienceandEngineering

TheNationalMeasurementLaboratory

•BasicStandards^ •RadiationResearch •ChemicalPhysics •AnalyticalChemistry

TheNationalEngineeringLaboratory

Laboratoryconsistsofthefollowingcenters:

AppliedMathematics

ElectronicsandElectrical

Engineering^

ManufacturingEngineering

BuildingTechnology

FireResearch

ChemicalEngineering^

stituteconsistsofthefollowingcenters:

ProgrammingScienceand

Technology

ComputerSystems

Engineering

Gaithersburg,MD20899.

ComputerScience

andTechnology

RESEARCH

WF0P.V>TiON

^'0

NBSSpecialPublication500-138

AFunctionalModel

forFourthGenerationLanguages

GaryE.Fisher

CenterforProgrammingScienceandTechnology

NationalBureauofStandards

Gaithersburg,Maryland20899

IssuedJune1986

U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE

MalcolmBaldrige,Secretary

NationalBureauofStandards

ErnestAmbler,Director

ReportsonComputerScienceandTechnology

attheendofthispublication.

U.S.GOVERMENTPRINTINGOFFICE

WASHINGTON:1986

TABLEOFCONTENTS

PREFACEV

EXECUTIVESUMMARYvi

1.INTRODUCTION1

1.1WhatisaFunctionalModel?1

1.2Objectivesofthe4GLFunctionalModel1

1.3Scopeofthe4GLFunctionalModel2

1.4OrganizationoftheReport2

2.WHATISA4GL?3

2.1LanguageGenerations3

2.2GeneralCharacteristicsof4GL5

2.2.1CompiledorInterpretedCode5

2.2.2NonproceduralorProcedural6

2.2.3ProductivityImprovement6

2.3Usersof4GL7

2.3.1HumanUsers7

2.3.2OtherUsers8

3.4GLFUNCTIONALMODEL9

3.1UserFunctions10

3.1.1ScreenFormatting10

3.1.2MenuManagement12

3.1.3MessagePrompting12

3.1.4LogicalDeviceManagement12

3.2DataManagementFunctions12

3.2.1LogicalDataStructureManagement...13

3.2.2DataStorageandRetrieval13

3.2.3ArchivingandRestoration15

3.2.4Auditing15

3.2.5DataSecurity15

3.3SystemFunctions16

3.3.1FileHandling16

3.3.2JobControl16

3.3.3Communications17

3.4Advanced4GL17

4.CONCLUSION19

4.1Summaryof4GLFunctionalModel19

4.2TypicalImplementationof4GL19

4.3TheFutureof4GL='20

REFERENCES23

A.GLOSSARY26

ill

LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS

Figure3-1.FunctionalViewof4GL9

Figure4-1.Typical4GLArchitecture20

iv

PREFACE

model guidance. V

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

oUserfunctions; oDatamanagementfunctions;and oSystemfunctions. of4GLsmayincludehumansandothersystems. vi

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1WhatisaFunctionalModel?

(communicationsinterfaces)aremodeled.

1.2Objectivesofthe4GLFunctionalModel

Theobjectivesofthisfunctionalmodelare

otoserveasabasicdefinitionof4GL concepts otodefinethemajorcapabilitiesof4GL; otofacilitatethetrainingofpersonnelby providingacommonframeworkfordescribing 4GL; otoallowobjectiveclassificationofvendor implementationsof4GL;and otoaidinreviewing,evaluating,andintro- ducing4GLintoanorganization. 1 limitedto,thefollowing: faces,andoperatingsystems. time.

1.3Scopeofthe4GLFunctionalModel

1.4OrganizationoftheReport

model expectationsforthefutureof4GLs. 2

2.WHATISA4GL?

2.1LanguageGenerations

assemblylanguagesasthefirst. [ANSI82] oFirst-machinelanguage oSecond-assemblylanguage oThird-machine-independent[standardized] languages(COBOL,PL/I,BASIC,etc.) oFourth-nonproceduralend-useroriented languages(RAMISII,MANTIS,IDEAL,etc.) [Mart82] whicheachlanguagereachedprominence. 3 foundincomputingliteratureare-- oanintegrateddatabasemanagementsystem; forprofessionaldataprocessingpersonnel; oascreengenerator; oareportgenerator;and oaquerylanguage. or"non-professional-friendly"languages. ofthefunctionalmodel. 4

2.2GeneralCharacteristicsof4GL

the4GLdomain.

2.2.1CompiledorInterpretedCode

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