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1

Fourier transform of images

FFT

© P. Strumiłło, M. Strzelecki

2

¥-=dueuFxf

uxjp2

Fourier coefficients

Fourier transform

Joseph Fourier has put forward an idea of

representing signals by a series of harmonic functions

Joseph Fourier

(1768-1830)

¥--=dxexfuF

uxjp2 inverseforward 3

Fourier transform

- example time frequency f=50 Hz f= -50 Hz 000

21cosw+wd+w-wd=w=w

¥-w-

dtetjXtj 1/2 4

Fourier transform

- example ><=Tt,Tt,tf01 T 2 0 22
TjT tj eTsinAdteAF w w w ww ∫-2p /T 2p/T FT A AT t |F( w)|=? w 5

Fourier transform

- example

0wwdwddkkTtt

sT wt -2T02TT-T 1 -4p/T04p/ T 2p/ T -2p/ T 2p/T x(t)x( w) FT T s p w 2=

A series of Dirac pulses

6 Why do we convert images (signals) to spectrum domain?

Monochrome image

Fourier spectrum

Fourier transform

of images 7

Why do we convert images to spectrum domain?1.

For exposing image featuresnot visible in spatial

domain, eg. periodic interferences 2.

For achieving more compact image representation

(coding), eg.JPEG, JPEG2000 3.

For designing digital filters

4. For fast processing of images, eg. digital filtering of imagesin spectrum domainFourier transform of images 8 1.

Detection of image features, eg. periodic

interferences

Fourier transform

of images 9 dudve)v,u(F)y,x(fdxdye)y,x(f)v,u(F )vyux(j)vyux(j pp22 inverse

Euler equations?

Fourier transform

of images )tjtj eet 00 21cos
0 ww w )tjtjeejt00

21sin0

ww w forward 10

Amplitude and phase spectrum

of the Fourier transform of images

22)],(arg[

vuFvuFvuFvuFvuFvuFevuFvuFvuFj 11

The Discrete FT of images( )

11011101

1 01 022
1 01 0

N,...,,y,xdla ev,uFNy,xfN,...,,v,udlaey,xfNv,uF

N uN vN/)vyux(jN/)vyux(jN xN y pp

Number of computations

for 512x512 image? 12

1D computational example

]4431[ =xf =p- 3 0/2 )(1)( x xNuxj exfNuF qq q sincosje j 4=N N xN/xj 34132
4123

411344314132104110

31
002 p 13 50
100
150
200
250

50100150200250

102030405060

Fourier amplitude spectrum

ÓMIT

14

Fourier amplitude spectrum

ÓMIT

FFT FFT 15

Detection of periodic distortions

ÓMIT

64 sinusoid periods64 sinusoid periods

256256

128128

6464

256 pixels256 pixels

6464
16

Fourier phase spectrum of an image

ÓMIT

]v,uFarg )v,uF }v,uF 1- 17 f(x,y) (64x64) |F(u,v)| log(1+|F(u,v)|) 18

Properties of the two-dimensional

Fourier transform

Separability:

f(x,y)(0,0) (N-1) (N-1)

F(x,v)(0,0) (N-1)

(N-1)

F(u,v)(0,0) (N-1)

(N-1) tr. rows tr. columns Computation of the 2-D Fourier transform as a series of

1-D transforms

19

Separability of the 2-D Fourier transform

1

0/2/21

01 0/2 ,1),(),(1),( N xNuxjNvyjN xN yNuxj evxFNvuFeyxfeNvuF ppp

F(x,v)

NvyuxjN

xN y eyxfNvuF /)(21 01 0 ),(1),( p 20

FTImages

Amplitude

spectra

Example

21

FTImages

+-Û--Nvyuxjexpv,uFyy,xxf00 00 2p

Shift in the spatial domain

Amplitude

spectra 22

Convolution:

FFFF {f(x,y) g(x,y)} = F(u,v) *G(u,v)FFFF {f(x,y) *g(x,y)} = F(u,v) G(u,v This property is useful in designing digital image filters.

Properties of the two-dimensional

Fourier transform

23
a 21
f(a) a 11/2 g(a) -1 a 1/2 g(- a) x 31/2
f(x)*g(x)

01-D convolution

examplea 21/2
f(a)g(x- a) x 1 a 21/2
f(a)g(x- a)x 1 a 1/2 g(x- a)quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20