Fourier transform - example time For fast processing of images, eg digital filtering image Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) Fourier spectrum of a real
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1
Fourier transform of images
FFT© P. Strumiłło, M. Strzelecki
2¥-=dueuFxf
uxjp2Fourier coefficients
Fourier transform
Joseph Fourier has put forward an idea of
representing signals by a series of harmonic functionsJoseph Fourier
(1768-1830)¥--=dxexfuF
uxjp2 inverseforward 3Fourier transform
- example time frequency f=50 Hz f= -50 Hz 00021cosw+wd+w-wd=w=w
¥-w-
dtetjXtj 1/2 4Fourier transform
- example ><=Tt,Tt,tf01 T 2 0 22TjT tj eTsinAdteAF w w w ww ∫-2p /T 2p/T FT A AT t |F( w)|=? w 5
Fourier transform
- example0wwdwddkkTtt
sT wt -2T02TT-T 1 -4p/T04p/ T 2p/ T -2p/ T 2p/T x(t)x( w) FT T s p w 2=A series of Dirac pulses
6 Why do we convert images (signals) to spectrum domain?Monochrome image
Fourier spectrum
Fourier transform
of images 7Why do we convert images to spectrum domain?1.
For exposing image featuresnot visible in spatial
domain, eg. periodic interferences 2.For achieving more compact image representation
(coding), eg.JPEG, JPEG2000 3.For designing digital filters
4. For fast processing of images, eg. digital filtering of imagesin spectrum domainFourier transform of images 8 1.Detection of image features, eg. periodic
interferencesFourier transform
of images 9 dudve)v,u(F)y,x(fdxdye)y,x(f)v,u(F )vyux(j)vyux(j pp22 inverseEuler equations?
Fourier transform
of images )tjtj eet 00 21cos0 ww w )tjtjeejt00
21sin0
ww w forward 10Amplitude and phase spectrum
of the Fourier transform of images22)],(arg[
vuFvuFvuFvuFvuFvuFevuFvuFvuFj 11The Discrete FT of images( )
11011101
1 01 0221 01 0
N,...,,y,xdla ev,uFNy,xfN,...,,v,udlaey,xfNv,uF
N uN vN/)vyux(jN/)vyux(jN xN y ppNumber of computations
for 512x512 image? 121D computational example
]4431[ =xf =p- 3 0/2 )(1)( x xNuxj exfNuF qq q sincosje j 4=N N xN/xj 341324123
411344314132104110
31002 p 13 50
100
150
200
250
50100150200250
102030405060
Fourier amplitude spectrum
ÓMIT
14Fourier amplitude spectrum
ÓMIT
FFT FFT 15Detection of periodic distortions
ÓMIT
64 sinusoid periods64 sinusoid periods
256256
128128
6464256 pixels256 pixels
646416
Fourier phase spectrum of an image
ÓMIT
]v,uFarg )v,uF }v,uF 1- 17 f(x,y) (64x64) |F(u,v)| log(1+|F(u,v)|) 18Properties of the two-dimensional
Fourier transform
Separability:
f(x,y)(0,0) (N-1) (N-1)F(x,v)(0,0) (N-1)
(N-1)F(u,v)(0,0) (N-1)
(N-1) tr. rows tr. columns Computation of the 2-D Fourier transform as a series of1-D transforms
19Separability of the 2-D Fourier transform
10/2/21
01 0/2 ,1),(),(1),( N xNuxjNvyjN xN yNuxj evxFNvuFeyxfeNvuF pppF(x,v)
NvyuxjN
xN y eyxfNvuF /)(21 01 0 ),(1),( p 20FTImages
Amplitude
spectraExample
21FTImages
+-Û--Nvyuxjexpv,uFyy,xxf00 00 2pShift in the spatial domain
Amplitude
spectra 22Convolution:
FFFF {f(x,y) g(x,y)} = F(u,v) *G(u,v)FFFF {f(x,y) *g(x,y)} = F(u,v) G(u,v This property is useful in designing digital image filters.Properties of the two-dimensional
Fourier transform
23a 21
f(a) a 11/2 g(a) -1 a 1/2 g(- a) x 31/2
f(x)*g(x)
01-D convolution
examplea 21/2f(a)g(x- a) x 1 a 21/2
f(a)g(x- a)x 1 a 1/2 g(x- a)quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20