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Inheritance

Polymorphism

Overloading

Overriding

What is Inheritance?

programming. propertiesfromsomeanotherclass. Every Car is a vehicles. To show this relationship, we take an example.

Vehicles

Car In this representation, we use an arrow towards the base class as a UML (Unified Modeling Language) convention.

Vehicles can be called any of the following:

Super Class

Parent Class

Base Class

And car is:

Sub Class

Child Class

Derived Class

Inheritance Syntax

>>> class Person: pass >>> class Car(Vehicles): pass >>> issubclass(Car,Vehicles) Here, class Car inherits from class Vehicles. We use the function issubclass() to confirm that car is a subclass of person.

Types of Inheritance

Single

InheritanceMultilevel

Inheritance

Multiple

Inheritance

Hierarchical

Inheritance

Hybrid

Inheritance

Single Inheritance

Child class inherits from only one parent class

Example:

classAnimal: defspeak(self): print("AnimalSpeaking") classLion(Animal): defroar(self): printroaring") d=Lion() d.roar() d.speak()

Lion roaring

Animal Speaking

Output:

Multiple inheritance

Inherit multiple base classes in the child class

Class 1

Class 2

Class N

Class 3

Example:

classCalculation1: defAddition(self,x,y): returnx+y; classCalculation2: defMultiplication(self,x,y): returna*b; classDerived(Calculation1,Calculation2): defDivision(self,a,b): returna/b; d=Derived() print(d.Addition(2,4)) print(d.Multiplication(2,4)) print(d.Division(2,4))

Output:

6 8 0.5

Multi-Level inheritance

Class 1

Class 2

Class N

In Multi-level inheritance derived class inherits from another derived class. There is no limit for level.

Example:

classAnimal: defspeak(self): print("AnimalSpeaking") classLion(Animal): defroar(self): printroaring") classBabyLion(Lion): defeat(self): print("Eatingmeat...") d=BabyLion() d.roar() d.speak() d.eat()

Output:

Lion roaring

Animal Speaking

Eating meat...

Hierarchical inheritance

In hierarchical inheritance more than one derived classes are created from a single base class.

Class 3

Class 2

Base Class

Class 1

Hybrid inheritance

Hybrid inheritance is a combination of multiple inheritance and multilevel inheritance.

Class 3

Class 4

Class 1

Class 2

Polymorphism

differenttypes.

Polymorphismsimplymeansthatwecancallthe

things.

Example:

lenGKTCS") # returns 5 as result len([5,2,8,4,45,75,3,92,33]) # returns 9 as result In this case the functionlen() takingstringas input in the first case and is takinglistas input in the second case.

Overloading

Overloading

Method

Overloading

Operator

Overloading

atoroperates.

Method ORFunction Overloading

Method overloading or function

overloading is a type of polymorphism in which we can define a number of methods with the same name but with a different number of parameters as well as parameters can be of different types.

Example:

# Takes two argument and print their Addition def addition(a, b): x = a + b print(x) # Takes three argument and print their Addition def addition(a, b, c): x = a + b + c print(x) # below line shows an error #addition(7, 2) # This line will call the second product method addition(2, 5, 1)

Output:

overloading. 08

Operator Overloading

andstrclass.

Example:

# Addition of two numbers print(3 + 2) # Concatenate two strings # Product of two numbers print(3 * 2) # Repeat the String print("GKTCS"*3)

Output:

5

GKTCS Innovations

6

GKTCSGKTCSGKTCS

Overriding

Overridemeanshavingtwomethodswith

thesamenamebutdoingdifferenttasks.

Itmeansthatoneofthemethods

overridestheother.

TheconceptofMethodoverridingallows

ustochangeoroverridetheParentClass functionintheChildClass. In Python, to override a method, you have to meet certain conditions parameters.

Example:

# Python Method Overriding classEmployee: defmessage(self): print('This message is from Employee Class') classCompany(Employee): defmessage(self): print('This Company class is inherited from emp = Employee() emp.message() comp= Company() comp.message()

Output:

'This message is from Employee Class' 'This Company class is inherited from Employee'quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20