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Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Compan ies, Inc.

NAME DATE PERIOD

Lesson 9-3

Chapter 9 17 Glencoe Algebra 1

9-3 Translations A translation is a change in the position of a figure either up, down, left, right, or diagonal. Adding or subtracting constants in the equations of functions translates the graphs of the functions.

The graph of

g x ) = x 2 k translates the graph of f x ) = x

2 vertically.

If k > 0, the graph of f(x) = x

2 is translated k units up.

If k < 0, the graph of f(x) = x

2 is translated k | units down.

The graph of

g x ) = (x - h) 2 is the graph of f(x) = x 2 translated horizontally.

If h > 0, the graph of f(x) = x

2 is translated h units to the right.

If h < 0, the graph of f(x) = x

2 is translated | h | units to the left.Study Guide and Intervention

Transformations of Quadratic Functions

Describe how the graph of each function is related to the graph of f x ) = x 2

Example

a. g(x) = x 2 + 4

The value of

k is 4, and 4

0. Therefore,

the graph of g x ) = x 2 + 4 is a translation of the graph of f x ) = x 2 up 4 units. g(x) f x x b. g(x) = (x + 3) 2

The value of

h is

3, and

3 < 0. Thus, the

graph of g x ) = (x + 3) 2 is a translation of the graph of f x ) = x 2 to the left 3 units. y x O f(x) g x

Exercises

Describe how the graph of each function is related to the graph of f(x) = x 2

1. g(x) = x

2 + 1 2. g(x) = (x - 6) 2

3. g(x) = (x + 1)

2

Translation of Translation of

f x ) = x 2

Translation of f(x

) = x2 f x ) = x 2 up 1 unit. to the right 6 units. to the left 1 unit.

4. g(x) = 20 + x

2

5. g(x) = (-2 + x)

2

6. g(x) = -

1 2 + x 2

Translation of Translation of f(x) = x

2

Translation of

f x ) = x 2 up 20 units. to the right 2 units. f(x) = x 2 down 1 2 unit.

7. g(x) = x

2 8 9

8. g(x) = x

2 - 0.3 9. g(x) = (x + 4) 2 Translation of Translation of Translation of f x ) = x 2 f x ) = x 2 up 8 9 unit. f(x) = x 2 down 0.3 unit. to the left 4 units. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Compan ies, Inc.

NAME DATE PERIOD

Chapter 9 18 Glencoe Algebra 1

Dilations and Reflections A dilation is a transformation that makes the graph narrower or wider than the parent graph. A reflection flips a figure over the x - or y -axis.

The graph of

f x ) = ax 2 stretches or compresses the graph of f x ) = x 2

If |a| > 1, the graph of f(x) = x

2 is stretched vertically. If 0 |a| < 1, the graph of f(x) = x 2 is compressed vertically.

The graph of the function

f x ) ? ips the graph of f x ) = x 2 across the x -axis.

The graph of the function

f x ) ? ips the graph of f x ) = x 2 across the y -axis. Describe how the graph of each function is related to the graph of f x ) = x 2

9-3Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Transformations of Quadratic Functions

x

0 < a < 1

a = 1 a > 1 xy O f x x 2 f x x 2

Example

a. g(x) = 2x 2

The function can be written as

f x ) = ax 2 where a = 2. Because |a| > 1, the graph of y = 2x 2 is the graph of y = x 2 that is stretched vertically.b. g(x) = - 1 2 x 2 - 3

The negative sign causes a reflection

across the x -axis. Then a dilation occurs in which a 1 2 and a translation in which k = -3. So the graph of g(x) = - 1 2 x 2 - 3 is reflected across the x -axis, dilated wider than the graph of f x ) = x 2 , and translated down 3 units.

Exercises

Describe how the graph of each function is related to the graph of f(x) = x 2

1. g(x) = -5x

2

2. g(x) = - (x + 1)

2

3. g(x) = -

1 4 x 2 - 1

Compression of Translation of f(x) = x

2

Dilation of

f x ) = x 2 f x ) = x 2 narrower than to the left 1 unit and wider than the graph of the graph of f x ) = x 2 re? ected over the x-axis. f(x) = x 2 re? ected over re? ected over the the x-axis translated x -axis. down 1 unit. xy O f x x 2 f x 2 x 2 xf(x) g(x)y Oquotesdbs_dbs8.pdfusesText_14