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Table of Contents

Energy and Change4

1 Energy and Energy transfer4

1.1 Energy for life . . .... . ................... . 4

1.2 Energy from the Sun . . .... . . . ............. . 9

2 Energy around us18

2.1 Energy . ........ . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.2 Input and output energy . . .... . ............. 30

3 Movement and energy i

na system36 3.1 M ov ement and musical instruments ........... . . 36 3.2 M ov ement causes sound . . .... . ............. 38

3.3 Indigenous musical instruments in South Africa . . . . . 39

4 Energy and Sound50

4.1 Vibrations and sound . . .... ............... . 50

4.2 Noise pollution . . .... . ................... 68

Earth and Beyond78

1 Planet Earth78

1.1 Features of the Earth . . .... ............... . 78

1.2 The Earth in Space . . .... . . . ............... 92

2 The Sun100

2.1T he Sun is the closest star . . .... . ............ 101

3 The Earth and the Sun110

3.1 Moving around the Sun . . .... . ............ . . 110

3.2 The Earth and other planets .... . . . . . . ........ 113

3.3 The Sun and life . . .... . ................... 118

4 Rocket Systems126

4.1 The Thunderbolt Kids nee

da rocket ........... . . 127

4.2 How do rockets work? . . .... ............... . 129

4.3 Modellin

ga rocket . . .... . . . ............... 138

5 The Moon144

5.1 Features of the moon . . .... ............... . 144

5.2 The phases of the Moon . . .... . ............ . . 149

5.3 Moon stories . . .... . .... . . .... .......... . 155

6 Notes160

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INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Divide into groups of six and go outside for 10 minutes to play

"Hide and Seek".

2. These are the rules of the game:

a. One person needs to be the seeker. b. The seeker needs to 5n da hom e-a tree or the wall will work well. c. The seeker closes their eyes and counts to 20. d. Everyone else must hide. They are the hiders. e. When the seeker has counted to 20, (s)he must 5nd the others and tag them by touching f. If the hiders can get to the seekers' home without him or her seeing them, they can block themselves and cannot be tagged by the seeker. g. If the seeker 5nd sa hider s/he runs to their home, touches it and s ay s "1,2,3 Tag Emma!" (or whoever they saw). h. If there is time left over, you can choose a new seeker and play again.

3. Return to class after 10 minutes and talk to in your group

about how you f eel.

4. Each group mus

t choos ea leader who will report back to the class.

5. Write down the words that are being used to describe how

you are feeling after the game.

6. Write down some of the descriptive words below.

This game requires that you d

oa lot of running. You might even get tired from it. This means that energy is being used to do work.

5Chapter 1. Energy and Energy transfer

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ACTIVITY:Energy is all around us.

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Think about what you do from when you get up in the

morning until you go to sleep at night. Think about what happens around you everyday.

2. Write down 5ve things that you have thought about that you

could not do without energy.

Teacher's Note

Teachers may ask learners to do this activity in groups and get each group to make a poster or d oa short presentation to the class In our daily lives there are many things that we do that needs energy. As we get energy from food it is important for us to eat breakfast because that is where we get our energy from. Learners need to be able to recognize where energy is needed for living and other processes. Cleaning teeth, walking, running, reading, writing all need energy. Turning on lights and cooking food use energy. Warming our homes in winter or cooling our homes in summer uses energy. Drying clothes on the washing line. There are bicycles, motor cars, motor bikes and aeroplane and all these kinds of transport need energy to m ov e. It is up to the teacher to ask as many open ended questions as possible to ge t learners to discuss the di.er ent uses of energy. We need energy to carry out all our life processes. Do you remember learning about the life processes in the beginning of the year?

QUESTIONS

Write down the 7 life processes that are carried out by all living

7Chapter 1. Energy and Energy transfer

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