[PDF] INTRODUCTION TO THE APA* (6 ed) - CSUN PDF Introduction-to-APA-6th.pdf

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INTRODUCTION TO THE APA* (6

th ed.)

(Click term to search)

About this booklet

Abstract

Active & passive voice

Alignment

Alphabetize references

APA, what is it?

Apostrophes

Auto-format settings

Backspace & delete

Block quotes

Bullets

Capitalization

with quotes in titles

Center

Citations, in-text

personal communication primary & secondary purpose varying the wording where & when to cite

Citing sources

four elements of a ref. where to cite? why cite? Colon Comma

Critique, how to write

Dash and hyphen Default settings

DOI number

example in reference

Dot leaders

Electronic sources

Flow, How to improve

Font

Format of APA paper

Grammar check

Hanging indents, create

examples of

Headings, format

Headings, "orphans"

Hyperlink, turn off

Hyphen and dash

Index to booklet

Irregular spacing

I . . . we

Legal documents

Line spacing

Line spacing, irregular

Lists, about

how to format in Word

Margins

MS WORD 2007 for APA

align alphabetize autoformat, customize backspace & delete center dashes & hyphens default settings font (typeface) general tips hide grammar & spelling hanging indents headings, stop orphans indent block quotes indent table of contents line spacing, correct line spacing, set lists, create automatic margins page breaks page headers & numbers page number off title page quick access toobar ribbon bar ruler bar show/hide table of contents, dots undo word count

Page breaks

Page numbers, headers

keep off the title page

Parallelism

Parentheses

Paraphrase

Personal communication

Primary & secondary source

Pronouns

Punctuation

spacing with

Quick Access Toolbar

Quotes

blocked, about blocked, create in Word capitalization with

Quotation marks

References page

electronic sources print sources sample page titles, formatting online reference samples

Research question

Ruler bar

Scholarly source

Semicolon

Secondary source

Show/ hide

Spelling

Summary, how to write

Title page

Titles

in the text on the reference page

Tables and figures

figure example table example

Tense, verbs

Transition phrases

Wordiness, how to avoid

Writing Center services

©The Writing Center, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota Schools of Graduate & Professional Programs 1

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO THE APA

W H AT I S AP A?

APA is not a government agency, a Swedish rock band, an oil cartel, a test ban treaty, a sexually

transmitted disease, a sports drink, a hair gel, or a California spiritualist movement. APA stands for

"American Psychological Association." Outside the field of psychology, "APA" is shorthand for the writing

style manual published by the APA: The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.

What is a style manual and who needs one?

Many academic disciplines and professional fields such as law, chemistry, computer science, languages

and literature, and medicine have developed their own style manuals (The Bluebook, ACS, IEEE, MLA, and

AMA, respectively) . These manuals support the unique research and writing methods of each discipline

and profession. Style manuals reduce misunderstandings by setting consistent guidelines recognized by

readers all over the world.

The American Psychological Association developed its manual to guide researchers, writers, and readers

through a science-based method of inquiry. It is intended to support the underlying principles of objectivity,

transparency, ethics, and clarity. Because the APA style has worked well, it has been adopted in other

fields--notably education, business, and undergraduate nursing - that share similar research protocols.

Why so many guides? Why can't everyone use the same one?

The research and writing for one academic discipline may require a style that does not meet the needs of

other disciplines or professions. You can understand how a professor of French literature, for example,

might require a set of stylistic guidelines different from those of a chemist or neurosurgeon.

Saint Mary's University has adopted the APA as the official style manual for its School of Graduate and

Professional Studies. (SMU medical students use the AMA.) Use of the APA ensures that SMU students

have a solid stylistic foundation for their academic and professional writing.

What's in the APA that I need to know?

Along with other useful information, the manual contains the following essential sections: The "Writing Clearly and Concisely" section (pp. 61-84) is an excellent guide to getting ideas across clearly, effectively, and objectively. "Mechanics of Style" section (pp. 87-114) lays out the rules of punctuation, spelling, and capitalization, among other things, as they apply in your discipline. No guesswork. The "Crediting Sources" section (pp. 169-189) explains methods for documenting credible research sources in an academically ethical way. The "Reference Examples" section (pp. 193-244) provides dozens of examples for listing sources on your reference page in such as way that readers can identify and retrieve them. The index (pp. 259-272) helps you locate specific information in the manual.

B AS I C F O R M AT O F AN AP A P AP E R

Check to see if your program requires variations on APA style.

ALIGNMENT

Alignment is set at the left margin only for all text except title and title page. (Level 1 headings are centered

individually with the Center text command.) Lines should be even on the left margin but ragged on the right

margin, like the text on this page. Indent the first line of a paragraph ½ inch (1 Tab).

SPACING AFTER PUNCTUATION [4.01]

In general, insert 1 space after every mark of punctuation,* but insert 2 spaces after punctuation that ends

a sentence. Exceptions: No space inside quotation marks and parentheses. Note the following examples:

Byer advocated a "go-it-alone" position in the conflict. Cole introduced the proposal (as recommended) and took a vote.

FONT (TYPEFACE) [8.03]

The standard font for student papers at Saint Mary's University SGPP is Times New Roman size 12. (The

text you are reading now is 9-point Arial). Do not use underlining or all capitals unless your instructor

specifies these. Use boldface for headings only. Keep the font the same throughout the paper unless your

instructor tells you otherwise.

HEADINGS [3.02-3.03]

Headings help both the reader and the writer follow the paper's organizational structure, and good writers

use them. APA headings are boldfaced and follow a simple pattern of 5 levels, as illustrated in the APA

manual.

INDENTS [8.03]

Indent the first sentence of each paragraph ½ inch (one Tab space). All other lines of the paragraph wrap

to the left margin, as in this paragraph. Indent blocked quotes (40 words or more) ½ inch on the left side

only, including the first sentence. Do not indent the first line of the abstract. For reference page entries

create hanging indents as explained in this booklet under "Using MS Word for APA." See examples in

APA pp. 50-51.

LINE SPACING [8.03]

Double-space all lines in the paper, including references and blocked quotes, unless your instructor

specifies otherwise. The first line of each page (except title page) begins at the top margin. Maintain one

double space after headings and between paragraphs.

Use the double-space setting of the word processor. Do not double-space manually by pressing the Enter

key twice between lines

M A R G I N S [8.03]

Set margin at 1 inch on all sides. Many word processors set the default margin at 1.25, so you may need

to adjust the margins to 1 inch.

PAGE NUMBERS [8.03, p. 230]

Count the title page as page 1 of the document. Place page numbers at the top right corner, ½ inch from

the top (inside the header). If your program requires a running head, place it on each page, inside the

header, ½ inch from the top edge . Use the word processor's automatic settings rather than typing the

page number and header on each page. (For word processing instructions see "Using MS Word for APA"

section of this booklet.) For an illustration of page numbers and running heads, see the sample papers in

the APA manual, pp. 41-60.

PAPER [5.01]

Use 8-1/2" x 11" white paper. All papers are word-processed, one side only.

TITLE PAGE

The title page in the APA manual is intended for the submission of a manuscript for publication and may

not serve to identify college papers. If your program has not provided a model for a title page, use the

example provided in this booklet. Does APA require a page number on the title page? [p. 41]

Yes, the APA illustrates both a page number and running head inside the header of the title page and

on all subsequent pages. Follow the example unless instructed otherwise by your program guidelines. For word processing instructions, see "Using Microsoft Word 2007 for

APA Tasks" in this booklet.

What to Include on a Title Page

The APA manual describes a title page for a manuscript submitted for publication. That style of title page is

not necessarily appropriate for student papers. If your program or your instructor give you a sample title

page, use that. Otherwise use the sample text provided below. Double-space the text and center it horizontally using the word processor's Center text command. Place the running head and the page number inside the header, ½ inch from the top edge of the paper. Insert the header and page number automatically (see "Using Microsoft Word 2007 for APA" in this booklet). Do not type page numbers manually. If your program prefers no page number or header on the first page, leave them off; however, you should count the title page as the first page even if you don't print the number on it.quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20

[PDF] [PDF] INTRODUCTION TO THE APA* (6 ed) - CSUN