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Sustainability Discussion Articles60
© 2007 ecomed publishers (Verlagsgruppe Hüthig Jehle Rehm GmbH), D-86899 Landsberg and Tokyo Mumbai Seoul Melbourne ParisEnv Sci Pollut Res 1414141414 (1) 60 - 66 (2007)
Discussion Articles
Reclaiming the Definition of Sustainability
Paul Johnston
1* , Mark Everard 2 , David Santillo 1* and Karl-Henrik Robèrt3 1 Greenpeace Research Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, Unive rsity of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK 2Visiting Research Fellow, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus,
Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
3Physical Resource Theory, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
* Corresponding authors (P.Johnston@exeter.ac.uk; D.Santillo@exeter.ac.uk)
IntroductionThe idea of 'sustainable development' was first widely ar-ticulated in 1987's Brundtland Report (World Commissionon Environment and Development) from the United Nations.The 'Brundtland definition' of sustainable development wasframed as "...development that meets the needs of the presentwithout compromising the ability of future generations tomeet their own needs". It posits that the only truly sustain-able form of progress is that which simultaneously addressesthe interlinked aspects of economy, environment and socialwell-being.In the subsequent two years, around 140 alternative andvariously-modified definitions of 'sustainable development'emerged. Currently, it has been estimated that some threehundred definitions of 'sustainability' and 'sustainable de-velopment' exist broadly within the domain of environmen-
tal management and the ass ociated disciplines which link with it, either directly or indirectly. A framework to guide human development requires the tight integration of several distinct, yet associated elements. The tight linkage of sustainability concepts to ongoing economic and technical activities, as opposed to traditionally defined 'economic growth', is essential in framing the constraints and new opportunities of subsequent social and commer- cial development. This does imply changes in direction rather than perpetuation of the old economic model with all of its vested interests, though this is as much an oppor- tunity as a threat, as new markets are created for which new technologies and products will be essential. However, the realisation of this ideal is sadly lacking. Unfortunately, the proliferation of alternative definitions of 'sustainability', which flowed throughout the 1990s, has created a situation where a concept which is central to environmental issues, and solutions to them, has come to mean many things to many constituencies. Simply, 'sustainable development' is now a term which is increasingly regarded either as internally self-contradictory (an oxymoron) or, at best, plagued by ambiguous or dis- torted definitions. As a result, there are many constituencies which perceive the term 'sustainable development' as a ve- hicle to perpetuate many and varied corporate and institu- tional interests whilst giving the impression of adherence to,and observance of, environmentally-sound principles. ThisDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2007.01.375