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SEPTEMBER 2018WHITE PAPER

Brandon Graver, Ph.D., and Daniel Rutherford, Ph.D. BEIJING | BERLIN | BRUSSELS | SAN FRANCISCO | WASHINGTON The authors thank Tim Johnson, Andrew Murphy, Anastasia Kharina, and Amy Smorodin for their review and support. We also acknowledge Airline Data Inc. for providing processed BTS data, and FlightGlobal for Ascend Fleet data.

International Council on Clean Transportation

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communications@theicct.org www.theicct.org @TheICCT © 2018 International Council on Clean Transportation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

....................................iii 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 3. RESULTS ........................................................................ 4. CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS ........................................................................ ..........20 5. REFERENCES ........................................................................

APPENDIX A: MODEL VALIDATION

..............26 APPENDIX B: ADJUSTED 2014 TRANSATLANTIC FUEL EFFICIENCY ............................27

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure ES-1.

Figure ES-2.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure A-1.

Figure B-1.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

27British Airways

30Lufthansa

31United

33AeroRot

33Alitalia

33Aer Lingus

33Austrian

33American

34Scandinavian

34Delta

34Iberia

34Icelandair

35Virgin Atlantic

35Thomas Cook

35Air France

35Turkish

36KLM

37SWISS

39WOW air

44Norwegian

Excess

Fuel/pax-km

+ 13% - + 19% + 22% + 26% + 26% + 26% + 26% + 29% + 29% + 29% + 29% + 33% + 33% + 33% + 33% + 33% + 42% + 47% + 63%

INDUSTRY AVERAGE

Average Fuel Economy [pax-km/L]

Figure ES-1.

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30%39%20%

33%

35%11%15%

17% 0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

20142017

Freight Shar

e

Passenger Load Factor

Seating Densit

y

Aircraft Fuel Burn

Figure ES-2.

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1.

INTRODUCTION

2.

METHODOLOGY

2.1

AIRLINE SELECTION

Table 1.

AirlineFlights

performedAverage ight length (km)Share of

ASKsShare of

ATKsMost prevalent

aircraft

Aer Lingus

Aeroot

Air France

Alitalia

American

Austrian

British Airways

Delta

Iberia

Icelandair

KLM

Lufthansa

Norwegian

Scandinavian

continued

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AirlineFlights

performedAverage ight length (km)Share of

ASKsShare of

ATKsMost prevalent

aircraft SWISS

Thomas Cook

Turkish

United

Virgin Atlantic

WOW air

Total280,4977,028100%100%Airbus A330-300

Note: ASK = Available seat kilometers. ATK = Available tonne kilometers. Source: Airline Data Inc. (2018)

Table 2.

AircraftMTOM

(tonnes)Typical seating capacityCargo capacity (m 3 )Number of engines, max. thrustRange (km)

Airbus A318

Boeing 737-700

Boeing 737-800

Boeing 737 MAX-8

Airbus A321

Boeing 767-300ER

Boeing 767-400ER

Boeing 787-8

Airbus A330-200

Airbus A330-300

Boeing 787-9

Boeing 757-200

Boeing 757-300

Airbus A340-300

Airbus A350-900

Boeing 777-200ER

Boeing 777-300ER

Airbus A340-600

Boeing 747-400

Boeing 747-8I

Airbus A380-800

Note: MTOM = maximum takeo mass. Sources: Airbus (2017); Airbus (2018); Boeing (1999); Boeing (2008);

Boeing (2010); Boeing (2011); Boeing (n.d.)

2.2

FUEL BURN MODELING

Table 3.

TypeVariableSources

Airline scheduled ights

Airline-specic aircraft

parameters

Aircraft weights

Aircraft fuel burn

Other operational variables

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payload kg seats departures load factor pax 100kg
pax freight kg departures

Operations Specication B043

2.3

FUEL EFFICIENCY CALCULATION

a i fuel L a flquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23