[PDF] Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

6 8 3 Indirect Radiative Forcing by Other Species 377 6 8 3 1 Carbonaceous tropopause continues to be the main source of uncertainty The LOSU of this forcing radiative forcing (evaluated relative to the present day, 2000) varies in sign

forcing due to several sources (known as radiative forcing agents) these include the direct radiative effect on climate, many gases produce indirect effects on global about one third of (but the opposite sign to) the greenhouse gas forcing

[PDF] Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing - IPCC

However, note that for the CH4 forcing N0 should refer to present-day N2O, and for the N2O coincident solar proxy data, current understanding of the sources of larger responses of opposite signs, which leads to the high uncertainty

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cause an indirect aerosol ERF, altering the sign of the net ERF from nitrogen oxide emissions Together 4 Present-Day Anthropogenic Effective Radiative Forcings (O3) precursors, land use, and total anthropogenic sources since PI

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Dr Mark Jacobson Stanford third largest contributor to the positive radiative forcing sources that produce negative forcing in the atmosphere can still be net

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6 avr 2011 · the strength and sign of the radiative forcings depend on storm dates and thus solar altitude angle layers may be regarded as cooling sources in early spring (winter) and warming sources in Wang et al provided detailed

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[PDF] [PDF] Radiative Forcing of Climate Change - IPCC