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International Labour Office (ILO)

4, Route des Morillons

CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland

tel. +42 (1) 22 79 9 6730

CARE WORK AND CARE JOBS

FOR THE FUTURE OF DECENT WORK

ILO CARE WORK AND CARE JOBS FOR THE FUTURE OF DECENT WORK CARE WORK AND CARE JOBS FOR THE FUTURE OF DECENT WORK This report takes a comprehensive look at unpaid and paid care work and its relation- ship with the changing world of work. It analyses the ways in which unpa id care work is recognized and organized, the extent and quality of care jobs and their impact on the well-being of individuals and society. A key focus of this report is the persistent gender inequalities in households and the labour market, which are inextricably linked with care work. These gender inequalities must be overcome to make care work decen t and to ensure a future of decent work for both women and men. The report details a set of transformative policy measures in fi ve main areas: care, macro- economics, labour, social protection and migration. The aim of these policies is to promote the recognition of the value of unpaid care work, the reduction of the drudgery of certain of its forms and the redistribution of care responsibilities between women and men, and between households and the State. These policies also need to generate more and better quality care jobs, and support the representation of unp aid carers, care workers and care recipients in social dialogue. The report affi rms that the availability of good-quality and affordable publicly provided care services, policies an d infrastructure is of vital importance. To support these policy recommendations, the report presents a wealth of original data drawn from over 90 countries around the world. These data cover a range of issues, including: how changes in the size and structure of households - due to demograp hic, migra- tion and labour market transformations - are altering the care needs landscape the magnitude and value of unpaid care work, its unequal distribution be tween women and men, and its impact on gender inequalities in employment the role of care policies in achieving positive well-being and employmen t outcomes for care recipients and care providers, and a review of care policy cove rage across the world the magnitude and employment distribution of the care workforce and work ing conditions of care workers in the health and social work and education s ectors and in domestic work the potential for decent care job creation offered by remedying current care defi cits and meeting the related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
The report concludes with policy guidance aimed at ILO constituents base d on the data analysed and an extensive review of country experiences.

International Labour Office

Geneva

Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work

ILO Catalo

guing in Publication Data T his publication was produced by the D ocument and Publications Production,

Printing and

D istribution B ranch (P RODO

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Code: CPG-

J M B RE P RO

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Shauna Olney

Manuela

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PREFACE

.................................................................. v xxi xxv xxvii 1 1 1

DEFINING

CARE WORK AN

THE CARE ECONOMY............................

6 1 1 1 C are work and the new statistical definition of work".................. 8 1 1 2 T he unpaid care work-paid work-paid care work circle................. 10 1 1 3 T he quality of care work......................................... 12 1 2 C

ARE WORK IN A CHANGING WORL

D 13 1 2 1 A transforming world of work..................................... 14 1 2 2 C hanging demographics and care needs 16 1 3 CARE WORK, THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AN D DECENT WORK ................................................... 24 1 4

DECENT CARE

WORK: A

FRAMEWORK FOR POLICY ACTION

28
N 34
2 1 U npaid care work and its providers 39
2 1 1

Definitions and measurement

40
2 1 2 T he magnitude, nature and value of unpaid care work.................. 43
2 1 3 G ender care gaps in unpaid care work provision 53
2 1 4 T he intersection of gender and other inequalities in unpaid care work provision 59
2 1 5 T rends in gender ga ps in the provision of unpaid care work.............. 68
2 2 U NPAI D

CARE WORK AN

D GEN D

ER INEQUALITIES IN THE LABOUR FORCE..........

72
2 2 1 U npaid care work as the main barrier to women"s labour force participation 72
C H A P TER 3. CARE P O L

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D UN P AI D CARE W OR K 111
4 1 C

ARE EMPLOYMENT AROUN

THE WORL

D 167
4 1 1 C are employment: G lobal and regional estimates...................... 169
4 1 2 C are workers: S elected common characteristics 171
4 2 T HE CARE WORKFORCE BY SECTOR...................................... 174
4 2 1 H ealth and social work.......................................... 174
4 2 2 E 183
4 2 3

Domestic workers

190
4 3 E

XPLAINING THE LEVELS AN

COMPOSITION OF CARE EMPLOYMENT

194
4 3 1 C luster 1 - Ver y high levels of employment in care sectors 196
4 3 2 C luster 2 - H igh levels of employment in care sectors.................. 201
4 3 3 C luster 3 - R eliance on domestic workers........................... 216
4 3 4 C luster 4 - M id to low levels of care employment 232
C oncluding remarks...................................................... 243
N 245
5 1 O B J

ECTIVES AN

D METHO D 253
5 1 1 S etting the scenarios: A n overview................................. 253
5 1 2 A note on methods............................................. 255
5 2

JOB CREA

TION IN E

UCATION

256
5 2 1 P olic y targets for ECCE 256
5 2 2 P olic y targets for primary, secondary and tertiary education.............. 258
5 2 3 R esults of the education jobs simulation 259
5 2 4 E xpanded estimates of overall sectoral employment covering all categories of education workers........................................... 263
5 3

JOB CREA

TION IN HEALTH CARE AN

LONG-TERM CARE

264
5 3 1 P olic y targets for health care 264
5 3 2 R esults of the health-care jobs simulation 267
5 3 3 P olic y targets for long-term care 269
5 3 4 R esults of the long-term care jobs simulation 271
5 3 5 E xpanded estimates of overall sectoral employment covering all categories of health workers.............................................. 272
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[PDF] [PDF] CARE WORK AND CARE JOBS - ILO

International Labour Office (ILO)

4, Route des Morillons

CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland

CARE WORK AND CARE JOBS

FOR THE FUTURE OF DECENT WORK

International Labour Office

Geneva

ILO Catalo

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Definitions and measurement

CARE WORK AN

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