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A Dictionary of

Confusable Phrases

This page intentionally left blank

A Dictionary of

Confusable Phrases

More Than

10,000

Idioms and Collocations

YURIDOLGOPOLOV

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Jefferson, North Carolina, and London

LIBRARY OFCONGRESSCATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA

Dolgopolov, Yuri.

A dictionary of confusable phrases : more

than 10,000 idioms and collocations /

Yuri Dolgopolov.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7864-5855-4

softcover : 50# alkaline paper

1. English language"Idioms"Dictionaries.

2. English language"Usage"Dictionaries. I. Title.

PE1464.D66 2010 423'.13"dc22 2010026211

British Library cataloguing data are available

© 20

10 Yuri Dolgopolov. All rights reserved

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Cover design by Mark Durr

Manufactured in the United States of America

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640

www.mcfarlandpub.com

Preface

Introduction

FALSEFRIENDS AND

ENEMIES INENGLISHPHRASEOLOGY

ARRANGEMENT OF THEENTRIES

LIST OFABBREVIATIONSUSED

DICTIONARY

Bibliography

34
1

Phrase Index

343

Key Word Index

376
-v-

This page intentionally left blank

To really know English one has to master,

along with grammar and words, a reasonably large vocabulary of recurrent collocations, id- ioms, and metaphorical expressions that re"ect the environment, history, and culture of the na- tive speakers and form an essential part of their common language, adding color, dimension and vibrancy to the way they speak and write. Fa- miliarity with idioms and colloquial metaphors and ability to use them appropriately in context are distinguishing markers of a native-like com- mand of English.

Learning a language is challenging enough

while learning set expressions (a language- within-a-language) becomes really frustrating at times, not the least owing to the existence in En- glish of a very vast number of what we call phraseological false friends and enemies"id- iomatic and non-idiomatic expressions that, de- spite their outward similarity or contrast, have unrelated meanings. Their confusion triggered by false analogy may result in misunderstanding and miscommunication so knowing or not knowing the difference between phraseological false friends can mean the difference between understanding or not understanding English.

This dictionary has been specifically de-

signed to diffuse potentially confusable expres- sions. The dictionary pairs more than 10,000 id- ioms and collocations characterized by similarity or contrast in their wording or metaphorical idea that do not show corresponding similarity or

contrast in their meanings. Also included arecases when phraseological units form a semanticmismatch with consonant compound words.This contrastive format enables the languagelearner to see all potentially confusable units to-gether and so avoid confusing the phrase.

Most dictionary entries are made up of

phrases that are in active current use so infor- mation about the difference in their meanings and usage is especially essential. Some entries may contain phrases pertaining to professional jargon, slang, expressions that are dated or char- acteristic of one the principal regional varieties of English. These, though less relevant in terms of their confusion, demonstrate interesting cases of coincidence in imagery through time and space while their contribution to the dictionary allows it to be also used as a regular explanatory dictionary providing definitions to individual idioms, clichés and set expressions.

There are numerous dictionaries of usage

covering the difference in the meaning, spelling and pronunciation of lexicalfalse friends"ho- mographs, homophones and semantically unre- lated words characterized by outward similarity.

This comprehensive dictionary, however, repre-

senting as it does an important cross-section of the language, is unique in that it is the first at- tempt ever to provide a complete lexicographic inventory of phraseological pseudo-synonyms and -antonyms, both idiomatic and non-idio - matic.

Intended primarily for ESL students at dif-

ferent levels of proficiency, the dictionary can

Preface

-1- also be used by authors of textbooks and other educational materials who may screen the dic- tionary data for potentially confusable expres- sions incorporated in their products so as to cau-

tion students against this kind of pitfall andheighten their awareness of phraseological sim-ilarities and differences. It can be recommendedfor use in school and college libraries supportingESL programs as well as to adults learning En-glish as a second language.

Preface-2-

Even a cursory examination of English

phraseology reveals the existence of numerous idiomatic expressions and recurrent word com- binations characterized by similarity of wording or imagery without corresponding similarity in their meaning or usage. Phraseological units of this kind usually form pairs and sometimes larger groups of expressions not normally inter- changeable in their respective contexts or only interchangeable in some of their meanings so er- rors can arise whenever one expression is suffi- ciently close to another to be semantically iden- tified with it, cf.: bring one"s mind to something / bring something to mind orat the top of the tree / up a tree.While positive intralingual transfer may help in the case of perceived linguistic sim- ilarities, cf.: make hay while the sun shines / strike while the iron is hot, negative intralingual transfer will lead to problems owing to semantic or gram matical differences between units. The probability of their confusion is conditioned by the extent of similarity while their respective lin- guistic currency determines which unit in the group is likely to be mistaken for another more

familiar and seemingly identical expression.Alongside such phraseological false friendsthere exist less numerous cases of false enemiesor pseudo-antonyms whose form may inducethe learner to believe that they are opposite inmeaning which in reality they are not,* cf.: ab-

sence of mind / presence of mind andcome on the carpet / step off the carpet.

Whereas errors caused by interlingual

phraseological interference are predeterminedquotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_7

[PDF] [PDF] A Dictionary of Confusable Phrases: More Than 10,000 Idioms and

A Dictionary of

Confusable Phrases

This page intentionally left blank

A Dictionary of

Confusable Phrases

More Than

10,000

Idioms and Collocations

YURIDOLGOPOLOV

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Jefferson, North Carolina, and London

LIBRARY OFCONGRESSCATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA

Dolgopolov, Yuri.

A dictionary of confusable phrases : more

Yuri Dolgopolov.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7864-5855-4

1. English language"Idioms"Dictionaries.

2. English language"Usage"Dictionaries. I. Title.

PE1464.D66 2010 423'.13"dc22 2010026211

British Library cataloguing data are available

© 20

10 Yuri Dolgopolov. All rights reserved

Cover design by Mark Durr

Manufactured in the United States of America

McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers

Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640

Contents

Preface

Introduction

FALSEFRIENDS AND

ENEMIES INENGLISHPHRASEOLOGY

ARRANGEMENT OF THEENTRIES

LIST OFABBREVIATIONSUSED

DICTIONARY

Bibliography

Phrase Index

Key Word Index

This page intentionally left blank

To really know English one has to master,

Learning a language is challenging enough

This dictionary has been specifically de-

Most dictionary entries are made up of

There are numerous dictionaries of usage

This comprehensive dictionary, however, repre-

Intended primarily for ESL students at dif-

Preface

Preface-2-

Even a cursory examination of English

Whereas errors caused by interlingual

FALSEFRIENDS AND

ENEMIES INENGLISHPHRASEOLOGY