[PDF] « Code de Nuremberg » - Inserm PDF Inserm_CodeNuremberg

Le « code de Nuremberg » est un extrait du jugement pénal rendu les 19-20 août De l'éthique au droit, Paris, Documentation française (« Notes et études Les risques encourus ne devront jamais excéder la valeur positive pour l'humanité

Droit A partir du XIXe s, la seule valeur symbolique du serment ne suffit plus aux médecins qui L'expression « code de Nuremberg » en Français est

[PDF] « Code de Nuremberg »

[PDF] code de Nuremberg - Association Tunisienne de Droit de la Santé

Directeur du Centre Européen d'Etudes et de Recherche Droit et Santé, Université de Montpellier Le « code de Nuremberg » est l'extrait du jugement pénal de 1947, qui contient la liste des dix Sa valeur scientifique et sa légitimité, thèse

[PDF] Principes du droit international consacrés par le statut du tribunal de

LE STATUT DU TRIBUNAL DE NUREMBERG ET DANS LE JUGEMENT DE présent code sont des crimes de droit international, et les individus qui en sont

Lexpérimentation humaine - Érudit

Techniquement, il semble que ces règles n'ont qu 'une valeur morale Par Malgré les distinctions importantes entre la bioéthique et le droit, cité : « Code de Nuremberg ») constitue, selon nous, une démonstration de cette asso-

La notion de crime contre lHumanité en droit international - Érudit

3 mai 2019 · Le droit de Nuremberg et ses conséquences A Les dispositions du Code criminel canadien sanctionnant le crime contre l'Humanité entre les hommes, mais il a la valeur même d'une loi L'univers entier, qui représente

[PDF] Le consentement, entre autonomie et solidarité - Haut Conseil de la

Le Code de Nuremberg liste dix critères contenus dans le jugement du procès de Nuremberg des d'un droit du patient, entraînant une obligation pendante du médecin, dont deux défis valeur constitutionnelle et, d'autre part, l'exercice des

[PDF] « Code de Nuremberg » - Inserm

[PDF] déclaration d'helsinki

[PDF] code de nuremberg 1947 pdf

[PDF] code de nuremberg éthique

[PDF] code de nuremberg + 10 principes

[PDF] code de nuremberg date

[PDF] code de nuremberg bioéthique

[PDF] le procès des médecins de nuremberg

[PDF] déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen 1795

[PDF] charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples pdf

[PDF] déclaration des droits de l'homme 1789 pdf

[PDF] déclaration des droits de l homme et du citoyen cm1

[PDF] déclaration des droits de l homme et du citoyen cycle 3

[PDF] declaration des droits de l homme rupture avec l ancien regime

[PDF] déclaration montagnarde

[PDF] déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad !"Pour citer : Amiel P., " "Code de Nuremberg" : texte original en anglais, traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad !!"!#$%&!%&!'()&*+&),!-!.)/%(012$34!&1!/%/51/12$34!&3!6)/37/24!! Le " code de Nuremberg » est un extrait du jugement pénal rendu les 19-20 août 1947 par le Tribunal militaire américain (agissant dans le cadre de dispositions internationales) dans le " procès des médecins »1. Il s'agit de la liste des dix critères utilisés par le Tribunal pour apprécier le caractère licite ou illicite des expérimentations humaines reprochées aux vingt-trois accusés, - des médecins, pour la plupart2. Cette liste a rapidement circulé de manière autonome sous la dénomination de " Nuremberg Code/code de Nuremberg » ; elle a été lue dans les milieux politiques et médicaux comme un corpus de préceptes déontologiques et de maximes morales s'imposant aux expérimentateurs. En Fran ce, cette lecture déonto logique ou éthiqu e du " code de Nurem berg » s'est appuyée essenti ellement : sur l a traduction approximative de Bayle, publiée dans les années cinquante3 et remaniée (sans que ces remaniements soient toujours signalés) dans les années quatre-vingt4 ; sur une adaptation présentée comme une traduction par le Comité national d'éthique en 19845, reprise par le Conseil d'État en 19886. La nature précise du "code de Nuremberg» - une jurisprudence pénale internationale7 - a été le plus souvent perdue de vue ou ignorée, y compris par la doctrine juridique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`"B"KL"9"+8*."!9D:,"N1'%"%L3"@2%"2%%$'%"K2"(+L12$LI"*3$'*242(*%"8&2a"@_&+442,"C."!9,"'("b2"N(('123%$'32"KL"HHRX,"M2%"$1'%"K2"!9D="c"!99=,"HHRX,"!99=,"C."=9;:T."d"H+(%2'@"K_X*$* ,"G:#/-:/&'9/'%$'H#/='I/'%FE 01#D3/ '$3'9"(#0 @"5$3'%,"O+8L42(*$*'+("7 3$(e$'%2">Z"R+*2%"2*"J*LK2% "K+8L42(*$'32%"^":D<7J1.A"f"K2LI'P42"JK.,"+8*."!9DD,"C."!dg."g"N4'2@"5.,"I/&':(4$7/ &'/0'9/&'1(,,/&'J'/K BE"#,/-0$0#(-'&3"'%FL0"/'13,$#-'/0'M3&0

#:/,"5$ 3'%,"E2@@2%"@2**32%">Z"/8'2(82%"&L4$'(2%"2*"4JK28'(2"^A,"BT!!,"C."DT;D<.""D"N4'2@"5.,"h'$@@ $"G.,"Z"M$"1J3 '*J"C23KL2"KL"i8+K2"K2 "RL324U23)j"k"3J 82C*'+("2*"KJ7+34$*'+(%"KL"i 8+K2"K2"RL324U23)j"2("G3$(82"^,"N/H='9"='&$-#0='/0'&(:='BTT9f:kdg=;dDg."

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad B".&81&!$)2,23/9!&3!/3,9/24!!"#$%&'()'<$"':" #,#-$%&'4/)("/'01/'23/"-4/"5'O23"/,4/"5P',#%#0$"7'0"#43-$%&'3-9/"'+(-0"(%'+(3-:#%'%$<'-(='> ?,""1+@."WW,"C."!D!;!D:,"-."/."0+1 23(42(*"53'(*'()" 677'82,"#$%&'()*+("OH,"!9:9;!9<=" PERMISSIBLE MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS The great weight of the evidence before us is to the effect that certain types of medical experiments on human beings, when kept within reasonably well-defined bounds, conform to the ethics of the medical profession generally. The protagonists of the practice of human experimentation justify their views on the basis that such experiments yield results for the good of societ y that are unprocurable by other methods or means of study. All agree, however, that certain basic principles must be observed in order to satisfy moral, ethical and legal concepts: 1. The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential. This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him to make an understanding and enlightened decision. This latter el ement requires that before the acceptance of an affi rmative decision by t he experimental subject there should be made known to him the nature, duration, and purpose of the experiment; the method and means by which it is to be conducted; all inconveniences and hazards reasonably to be expected; and the effects upon his health or person which may possibly come from his participation in the experiment. The duty and responsibility for ascertaining the quality of the consent rests upon each individual who initiates, di rects or engages in the experiment. It is a pe rsonal duty and responsibility which may not be delegated to an other with impunity. 1. The experiment should be such as to yield frui tful results for the good of societ y, unprocurable by other methods or means of study, and not random and unnecessary in nature. 2. The experiment should be so designed and based on the results of animal experimentation and a knowledge of the natural history of the disease or other problem under study that the anticipated results will justify the performance of the experiment. 3. The experiment should be so conducted as to avoid all un- necessary physical and mental suffering and injury. 4. No experiment should be conducted where there is an a priori reason to believe that death or dis abling injury will oc- cur; except, pe rhaps, in those experime nts where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects. 5. The degree of risk to be taken should never exceed that determined by the humanitarian importance of the problem to be solved by the experiment. 6. Proper preparations should be made and adequate fa cilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death. 7. The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad ="who conduct or engage in the experiment. 8. During the course of the experiment the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the experiment seems to him to be impossible. 9. During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probably cause to believe, in the exercise of the good faith, superior skill and careful judgment required of him that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject. Of the ten principles which have been enumerated our judicial concern, of course, is with those requirements which are purely legal in nature-or which at least are so clearly related to mat- ters legal that they assist us in determining criminal culpability and punishment. To go beyond that point would lead us into a field that would be beyond our sphere of competence. However, the poi nt need not be labored. We f ind from the e vidence that in the medical experiments which have been proved, these ten principles were much more frequently honored in their breach than in their observance. Many of the concentration camp inmates who were the victims of these atrocities were citizens of countries other than the German Reich. They were non-German nationals, including Jews and "asocial persons", both prisoners of war and civilians, who had been imprisoned and forced to submit to these tortures and barbarities without so much as a semblance of trial. In every single instance appearing in the record, subjects were used who did not consent to the experiments; indeed, as to some of the experiments, it is not even contended by the defendants that the subjects occupied the status of volunteers. In no case was the experimental subject at liberty of his own free choice to withdraw from any experiment. In many cases experiments were performed by unqualified persons; were conducted at random for no adequate scientific reason, and under revolting physical conditions. All of the experiments were conducted with unnecessary suffering and injury and but very little, if any, precautions were taken to protect or safeguard the human subjects from the possibilities of injury, disability, or death. In every one of the experiments the subjects experienced extreme pain or torture, and in most of them they suffered permanent injury, mutilation, or death, either as a direct result of the experiments or because of lack of adequate follow-up care. Obviously all of thes e experiments invol ving brutali ties, tortures, disabling inj ury, and death were performe d in complete di sregard of international conventions, the laws and customs of war, the general principles of criminal law as derived from the criminal laws of all civilized nations, and Control Council Law No. 10. Manifestly human experiments under such conditions are contrary to "the principles of the law of nations as they result from the usages established among civilized peoples, from the laws of humanity, and from the dictates of public conscience." Whether any of the defe ndants in the dock are guilty of these atrocities is, of c ourse, another question. Under the Anglo-Saxon system of jurisprudence every defend- ant in a criminal case is presumed to be innocent of an offense charged until the prosecution, by competent, credible proof, has shown his guilt to the exclusion of every reasonable doubt. And this presumption abides with a defendant through each stage of his trial until such degree of proof has been adduced. A "reasonable doubt" as the name implies is one conformable to reason - a doubt which a reasonable man would entertain. Stated differently, it is that state of a case which, after a full and complete comparison and consideration of all the evidence, would leave an unbiased, unprejudiced, reflective person, charged with the responsibility for decision, in the

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad :"state of mind that he could not say that he felt an abiding conviction amounting to a moral certainty of the truth of the charge. If any of the defendants are to be found guilty under counts two or three of the indictment it must be because the evidence has shown beyond a reasonable doubt that such defendant, with- out regard to nationality or the capacity in which he acted, participated as a principal in, accessory to, ordered, abetted, took a consenting part in, or was connected with plans or enterprises involving the commission of at least some of the medical experiments and other atrocities which are the subject matter of these counts. Under no other circumstances may he be convicted. Before examining the evidence to which we must look in order to determine individual culpability, a brief statement c oncerning s ome of the offic ial agencies of the Germa n Government and Nazi Party which will be referred to in this judgment seems desirable. !

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad <".)/%(012$3!3$(:&99&!%&5(24!9;$)2,23/9!&3!/3,9/24!Le texte qu'on donne ici traduit l'entièreté de la section du jugement de Nuremberg contenant le " code de Nuremberg ». La traduction a été faite depuis le texte original en anglais des Trials...9. "Q'CRSCNTC2+CG'6CIT+U;CG'U++CS!U.;CG''M$")3$(K2" 7+382"K2%"7$'*%"C3J%2(*J%"2%*" K2"(+L %"$C C32(K32"SL2"823*$'(%" *FC2%"K_2ICJ3'2(82%"4JK'8$@2%"%L3"@_l*32"&L4$'(,"SL$(K"2@@2%"%+(*"'(%83'*2%"K$(%"K2%"@'4'*2%"3$'%+(($U@242(*"U'2("KJ7'('2%,"%+(*"8+(7+342%"c"@_J*&'SL2"K2"@$"C3+72%%'+("4JK'8$@2"2(")J(J3$@."M2%"C3+*$)+('%*2%"K2"@$"C3$*'SL2"K2"@_2ICJ3'42(*$*'+("&L4$'(2"\L%*'7'2(*"@2L3%"1L2%"%L3"@2"7+(K242(*"K2"82"SL2"K2"*2@@2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"C3+KL'%2(*"K2%"3J%L@*$*%"C+L3"@2"U'2("K2"@$"%+8'J*J,"SL'"%+(*"'4C+%%'U@2%"c"+U*2('3"C$3"K_$L*32%"4J*&+K2%"+L"4+F2(%"K_J*LK2."m+L%"%_$88+3K2(*,"SL+'" SL_'@"2("%+'* ,"%L3"828'"SL2"823*$'(%"C3'(8'C 2%"7+(K$42(*$LI"K+'12(*"l*32"+U%231J%"$7'("K2"3JC+(K32"$LI"(+*'+(%"4+3$@2%,"J*&'SL2%"2*"@J)$@2%"k"!."M2"8+(%2(*242(*"1+@+(*$'32"KL"%L\2*"&L4$'("2%*"$U%+@L42(*"2%%2(*'2@."H2@$"12L*"K'32"SL2"@$"C23%+((2"8+(823(J2"K+'*"$1+'3"@$"8$C$8'*J"@J)$@2"K2"8+(%2(*'3"f"SL_2@@2"K+'*"l*32"C@$8J2"2(" %'*L$*'+("K_2I23823"L("@'U 32"C+L1+'3"K2"8&+'I,"% $(%"'(*2312(*'+("K2" SL2@SL2"J@J42(*"K2"7+382 ,"K2"73$LK2,"K2"8+(* 3$'(*2,"K 2"%LC238&23'2,"K2"KLC23'2" +L"K_$L*32%"7+342%"%+L3(+'%2%"K2"8+(*3$'(*2"+L"K2"8+238'*'+("f"2*"SL_2@@2"K+'*"$1+'3"L(2"8+(($'%%$(82"2*"L(2"8+4C3J&2(%'+("%L77'%$(*2%"K2"82"SL2"82@$"'4C@'SL2,"K2"7$e+("c"@L'"C2342**32"K2"C32(K32"L(2"KJ 8'%'+("J8 @$'3J2."H2"K23('23"C+'( *"K24$(K2"SL 2,"$1$(*"K_$882C*23"L(2"KJ8'%'+("C+%'*'12"C$3"@2"%L\2*"K_2ICJ3'2(82,"'@"@L'"%+'*"7$'*"8+(($n*32"k"@$"($*L32,"@$"KL3J2,"2*"@2"UL*"K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82"f"@2%"4J*&+K2%"2*"4+F2(%"C$3"@2%SL2@%"2@@2"%23$"8+(KL'*2"f"*+L%"@2%"KJ%$)3 J42(*%" 2*"3'%SL2%"SL' "C2L12(*"l*3 2"3$'%+(($U@242(*"2(1'%$)J%"f"2*" @2%"8+(%JSL2(82%"C+L 3"%$"%$(* J"+L"%$"C 23%+((2,"SL'"C+L33$'2(*"C+%%'U@242(*"$K12('3"KL"7$'*"K2"%$"C $3*'8'C$*'+("c"@_2ICJ3'2(82."M_+U@ ')$*'+("2*"@$"32%C+(%$U'@'*J"K_$CC3J8'23"@$"SL$@'*J"KL"8+(%2(*242(*"'(8+4U2(*"c"8&$SL2"C23%+((2"SL'"C32(K"@_'('*'$*'12"K2,"K'3')2"+L"*3$1$'@@2"c,"@_2ICJ3'2(82."W@"%_$)'*"K_L(2"+U@')$*'+("2*"K_L(2"32%C+(%$U'@'*J"C23%+((2@@2%"SL'"(2"C2L12(*"C$%"l*32"KJ@J)LJ2%"'4CL(J42(*."B."M_2ICJ3'2(82"K+'*"l*32"*2@@2"SL_2@@2"C3+KL'%2"K2%"3J%L@*$*%"$1$(*$)2LI"C+L3"@2"U'2("K2"@$"%+8'J*J,"'4C+%%'U@2%"c"+U*2('3"C$3"K_$L*32%"4J*&+K2%"+L"4+F2(%"K_J*LK2,"2*"C$%"$@J$*+'32%"+L"%LC237@L%"C$3"($*L32."=."M_2I CJ3'2(82"K+'*"l*32"8+(%*3L'*2"2* "7+(KJ2"K2"7$e+("*2@@2"%L3"@2 %"3J%L@*$*%"K2 "@_2ICJ3'42(*$*'+("$('4$@2"2*"K2"@$"8+(($'%%$(82"K2"@_&'%*+'32"($*L32@@2"K2"@$"4$@$K'2"+L"$L*32"C3+U@P42"c"@_ J*LK2,"SL2"@2%"3J%L@*$* %"$**2 (KL%"\L%*'7'2(*"@$"3J$@'%$ *'+("K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82.":."M_2ICJ3'2(82"K+'*"l*32"8+(KL'*2"K2"7$e+("*2@@2"SL2"%+'2(*"J1'*J2%"*+L*2"%+L773$(82"2*"*+L*2"$**2'(*2,"C&F%'SL2%"2*"42(*$@2%,"(+("(J82%%$'32%."<."NL8L(2"2ICJ3'2(82"(2"K+'*"l*32"8+(KL'*2"@+3%SL_'@"F"$"L(2"3$'%+("$"C3'+3'"K2"83+'32"SL2"@$"4+3*"+ L"K2%"U@ 2%%L32%"'(1$@'K$(*2%"%L31'2(K3+(*"f" %$L7,"C2L*;l*32,"K$(%"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%"+o"@2%"4JK28'(%"2ICJ3'42(*$*2L3%"%2312(*"$L%%'"K2"%L\2*%."d."M2"('12$L"K2%"3'%SL2%"K21$(*"l*32"C3'%"(2"K+'*"\$4$'%"2I8JK23"82@L'"K2"@_'4C+3*$(82"&L4$('*$'32"KL"C3+U@P42"SL2"K+'*"3J%+LK32"@_2ICJ3'2(82."""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""9"m3$KL8*'+("C$3"5&'@'CC2"N4'2@,"CLU@'J2"K$(%"N4'2@"5.,"h'$@@$"G.,"(B=':#0="f"32C3'%2"K$(%"N4'2@"5.,"Z"XICJ3'42(;*$*'+(%"4JK'8$@2%"k"@2%"4JK28'(%"($a'%"K21$(*"@2L3%"\L)2%"^,"C.":=!;:::"'("G."h'$@@$">K'3A,";/&'5"$-9/&'9E:#&#(-&'93'9"(#0',E9#:$%@"5$3'%,"M0Op,"BTT9,"2*"K$(%"N4'2@"5.,"I/&':(4$7/&'/0'9/&'1(,,/&@'(B=':#0=,"C."B9d;=TT."

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad d"g."M2%"K'%C+%'*'+(%"K+'12(*"l*32"C3'%2%"2*"@2%"4+F2(%"7+L3('%"C+L3"C3+*J)23"@2"%L\2*"K_2ICJ3'2(82"8+(*32"@2%"J12(*L$@'*J%,"4l42"*J(L2%,"K2"U@2%%L32,"'(7'34'*J"+L"KJ8P%."D."M2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"(2"K+'12(*"l*32"C3$*'SLJ2%"SL2"C$3"K2%"C23%+((2%"%8'2(*'7'SL242(*"SL$@'7'J2%."M2"C@L%"&$L*"K2)3J"K2"8+4CJ*2(82"C3+72%%'+((2@@2"K+'*"l*32"2I')J"*+L*"$L"@+()"K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82,"K2"*+L%"82LI"SL'"@$"K'3')2(*"+L"F"C$3*'8'C2(*."9."O$(%"@2"KJ3+L@242(*"K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82,"@2"%L\2*"&L4$'("K+'*"l*32"@'U32"K2"42**32"L("*2342"c"@_2ICJ3'2(82"%_'@"$"$**2'(*"@_J* $*"C&F%'SL2"+L" 42(*$@ "+o"@$"8+(*'(L$*'+("K2" @_2ICJ3'2(82"@L'"%24U@2"'4C+%%'U@2."!T."O$(%"@2"KJ3+L@242(*"K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82,"@2"%8'2(*'7'SL2"SL'"2("$"@$"8&$3)2"K+'*"l*32"C3l*"c"@_'(*233+4C32"c"*+L*"4+42(*,"%_'@"$"J*J"8+(KL'*"c"83+'32"q"K$(%"@_2I238'82"K2"@$"U+((2"7+',"K2"@$"8+4CJ*2(82"KL"C@L%"&$L*"('12$L"2*"KL"\L)242(*"C3LK2(*"SL'"%+(*"32SL'%"K2"@L '"q"SL_L(2"8+(*'(L$* '+("K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82"C+L33$'*"2(* 3$n(23"K2%"U @2%%L32%,"@_'(1$@'K'*J"+L"@$"4+3*"C+L3"@2"%L\2*"K_2ICJ3'2(82."/L3"@2%"K'I"C3'(8'C2%"J(+(8J%,"82"SL'"(+L%"'(*J32%%2"\LK'8'$'3242(*,"U'2("2(*2(KL,"82"%+(*"@2%"2I')2(82%"SL'"%+(*"K2"($*L32"CL3242(*"\L3'K'SL2"q"+L"SL',"$L"4+'(%,"%+(*"%'"8@$'3242(*"@'J%"$LI"SL2%*'+(%" \L3'K'SL2%"SL_ 2@@2%"(+L%"$ 'K23+(*"c"KJ*234'(2 3"@$"8L@C$U'@'*J"2*"@$"%$(8*'+("83'4'(2@@2%."N@@23"$L;K2@c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pL'7%"2*"K2%"Z"$%+8'$LI"^,"C3'%+(('23%"K2")L2332"+L"8'1'@%,"SL'"$1$'2(*"J*J "24C3'%+((J%" 2*"7+38J%"K2"%LU'3"82%" *+3*L32%"2* "U$3U$3'2%"%$(%"4l42"L("%24U@$(*"K2"C3+8P%."O$(%"8&$SL2"2%CP82"$CC$3$'%%$(*"K$(%"@2"K+%%'23,"K2%"%L\2*%"7L32(*"L*'@'%J%"SL'"(_$1$'2(*"C$%"8+(%2(*'"c"@_2ICJ3'2(82"f"U'2("C@L%,"C+L3"82"SL'"2%*"K2"823*$'(2%"K2"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%,"'@"(_2%*"4l42"C$%"$1$(8J"C$3"@2%"$88L%J%"SL2"@2%"%L\2*%"$1$'2(*"@2"%*$*L*"K2"1+@+(*$'32."X("$L8L("8$%"@2"%L\2*"K_2ICJ3'2(82"(_2L*"@$"@'U23*J"K2"8&+'%'3"K2"SL'**23"L(2"2ICJ3'2(82."O$(%"U2$L8+LC"K2"8$%,"@2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"3J$@'%J2%"C$3"K2%"C23%+((2%"(+("SL$@'7'J2%,"8+(KL'*2%"$L"&$%$3K,"%$(%"3$'%+("%8'2(*'7'SL2"C3J8'%2,"2*"K$(%"K2%"8+(K'*'+(%"4$*J3'2@@2%"3J1+@*$(*2%."m+L*2%"@2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"8+(KL'*2%"$128"K2%"%+L773$(82%"2*"K2%"U@2%%L32%"'(L*'@2%"2*"%2L@242(*"K2"*3P%"7$'U@2%"C3J8$L*'+(%"7L32(*"C3'%2%,"SL$(K"2@@2%"@2"7L32(*,"C+L3"C3+*J)23"@2%"%L\2*%"&L4$'(%"K2%"3'%SL2%"K2"U@2%%L32,"'(8$C$8'*J"+L"KJ8P%."O$(%"8&$8L(2"K2"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%,"@2%"%L\2*%"%LU'32(*"L(2"K+L@2L3"+L"L(2"*+3*L32" 2I*3l42%, "2*"K$(%"@$" C@LC$3*"K_2(*32"2@@2%," '@%"%+L773'32(*"K2"@J%'+(%"C234$(2(*2%,"K2"4L*'@$*'+("+L"4+L3L32(*"KL"7$'*"K2%"2ICJ3'2(82%,"K'328*242(*"+L"c"8$L%2"K2"@_$U%2(82"K2"%+'(%"K2"%L'*2"$CC3+C3'J%."O2"*+L*2"J1'K2(82,"K2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"C3$*'SLJ2%"$128"@2"C@L%")3$(K"4JC3'%"K2%"8+(12(*'+(%"'(*23($*'+($@2%,"K2%"@+'%"2*"8+L*L42%"K2"@$")L2332,"2*"K2%"C3'(8'C2%")J(J3$LI"KL"O3+'*"83'4'(2@"K2"*+L*2%"@2%"($*'+(%"8'1'@'%J2%,"2*"K2"@$"@+'"(`"!T"KL"H+(%2'@"K2"H+(*3r@2."H2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"3J$@'%J2%"K$(%"K2%"8+(K'*'+(%"8+(*3$'32%"$LI"C3'(8'C2%"\L3'K'SL2%"K2%"($*'+(%,"*2@%"SL_'@%"3J%L@*2(*"8&2a"@2%"C2LC@2%"8'1'@'%J%,"K2%"L%$)2%"J*$U@'%"KL"K3+'*"K2%")2(%,"2*"K2%"8+44$(K242(*%"K2"@$"8+(%8'2(82"CLU@'SL2."s"@_ J1'K2(82,"*+L*2%"82%"2ICJ 3'2(82%"'4C@'SL$(*"U3 L*$@'*J%,"*+ 3*L32%,"U@2%%L32%"'(8$C$8'*$(*2%"2*"KJ8P%"7L32(*"8+(KL'*2%"$L "4JC3'%"$U %+@L"K2%"8+(12(*' +(%"'(*23($*'+($@2%,"K2%"@+'%"2*"8+L*L42%"K2"@$")L2332,"K2%"C3'(8'C2%")J(J3$LI"KL"K3+'*"CJ($@"*2@%"SL_'@%"KJ3'12(*"K2%"@+'%"CJ($@2%"K2"*+L*2%"@2%"($*'+(%"8'1'@'%J2%,"2*"K2"@$"@+'"(`"!T"KL"H+(%2'@"K2"H+(*3r@2."Q$('72%*242(*,"@2%"2ICJ3'42(*$*'+(%"&L4$'(2% "K$(%"K2"*2 @@2%"

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad g"8+(K'*'+(%"%+(*"8+(*3$'3 2%"$LI"iC3'(8' C2%"KL"K3+'*"K2%")2(%,"*2@%"SLt' @%"3 J%L@*2(*"K2%"L%$)2%"J*$U@'%"2(*32" ($*'+(%"8'1'@'%J2 %,"K2%"@+'%"K2"@t&L4$('*J "2*"K2%"2I')2(82%"K2"@$"8+(%8'2(82"CLU@'SL2!Tj."/'"L("SL2@8+(SL2" K2%"$88L%J%"K$(%" @2"U+I"2%*" 8+LC$U@2"K2"82%" $*3+8'*J%" 2%*,"U'2("2(*2(KL,"L(2"$L*32"SL2%*'+(."O$(%"@2"%F%*P42"\L3'K'SL2"$()@+;%$I+(,"8&$SL2"$88L%J"K$(%"L(2"$77$'32"83'4'(2@@2"2%*"C3J%L4J"'((+82(*"K2%"8&$3)2%"SL'"@L'"%+(*"'4CL*J2%"\L%SL_c"82"@_$88L%$*'+(,"C$3"K2%"C32L12%"32821$U@2%"2*"83JK'U@2%,"$'*"4+(*3J"%$"8L@C$U'@'*J"%$(%"SL_'@"%LU%'%*2"$L8L("K+L*2"3$'%+(($U@2."X*"82**2"C3J%+4C*'+("KL32,"%_$)'%%$(*"K2%"$88L%J%,"c"*3$123%"8&$SL2"J*$C2"K2"%+("C3 +8P%"\L%SL_c"82" SL_L("*2@ "K2)3J" K2"C32L12"$'* "J*J"$CC+3*J."-("Z"K+L*2"3$'%+(($U@2"^,"8+442"%+("(+4"@_'(K'SL2,"2%*"L("K+L*2"8+4C$*'U@2"$128"@$"3$'%+(,"q"L("K+L*2"SL_L("&+442"3$'%+(($U@2"C2L*"2(1'%$)23."53J%2(*J"$L*3242(*,"8_2%*"L("J*$*"K2"@_$77$'32"SL',"$C3P%"L(2"8+4C $3$'%+("2*"L("2 I$42("K2"*+L%"@2%" 7$'*%,"@$'%% 23$'*"L(2"C23%+((2"'4C$3*'$@2,"%$(%"C 3J\L)J%,"3J7@J8&'2,"c"SL'"2%*"8+ (7'J2"@$"32%C+ (%$U'@'*J"K2"KJ8'K23,"K$(%"@_J*$*"K_2%C3'*"K$(%"@2SL2@"2@@2"(2"C+L33$'*"C$%"K'32"SL_2@@2"JC3+L12"L(2"8+(1'8*'+("8+(%*$(*2"JSL'1$@$(*"c"@$"823*'*LK2"4+3$@2"K2"@$"1J3$8'*J"K2"@_'(8L@C$*'+(."/'"@_L("K2%"$88L%J%"K+'*"l*32"KJ8@$3J"8+LC$U@2"KL"8&27"K_$88L%$*'+("WW"+L"WWW,"'@"K+'*"@_l*32"C$382"SL2"@2%" C32L12%"+(*"4+(*3J "$L;K2@c"K2 "*+L*"K+L*2"3$' %+(($U@2"SL2 "82*"$88L%J,"%$(%"C3J\LK'82"K2"%$"($*'+($@'*J"+L"K2"@$"SL$@'*J"$L"*'*32"K2"@$SL2@@2"'@"$"$)',"$"C$3*'8'CJ"c"*'*32"C3'(8'C$@"+L"$882%%+'32,"$"+3K+((J,"2(8+L3$)J,"$882C*J,"+L"$"J*J"@'J"$LI"C@$(%"+L"$LI"'('* '$*'12%"' 4C@'SL$(*"@$ "8+44'%%'+("K_$L"4+'(%" SL2@SL2%"L(2%" K2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"4JK'8$@2%"2*"$L*32%"$*3+8'*J%"SL'"%+(*"@_+U\2*"K2"82%"8&27%"K_$88L%$*'+(."X("$L8L("$L*32"8$%"'@%"(2"%$L3$'2(*"l*32"8+(K$4(J%."N1$(*"K_2I$4'(23 "@2%"7$'*%"SL2"(+L%"K21+(%"8+ (%'KJ323"C+L 3"KJ*234'(23"@2%"8L@C$U'@'*J%"'(K'1'KL2@@2%," L("U327"2IC+%J"$" C$3L"L* '@2"8+(823($(*"SL2@SL2%"$)2(82%"+77'8'2@@2%"KL")+L123(242(*"$@@24$(K"2*"KL"C$3*'"($a'"$LISL2@@2%"'@"%23$"7$'*"3J7J32(82"K$(%"82"\L)242(*"^"u""'""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""!T">R+*2"KL"*3$KL8*2L3.A"M_2IC32%%'+("2(*32")L'@@242*%"8'*2"H/"4$0#,"@$"*3$KL8*'+("2("$()@$'%"K_L("C$3$)3$C&2"KL"C3J$4UL@2"K2"@$"H+(12(*'+("K2"M$"v$F2"%L3"@2%"@+'%"K2"@$")L2332"%L3"*2332"k"+(-H/-0#(-'VTWX':(-:/"-$-0'%/&'%(#&'/0':(303,/&'9/'%$'53/""/'&3"'0/""/'/0'&(-'U--/K/'J'NY5%/,/-0':(-:/"-$-0'%/&'%(#&'/0':(303,/&'9/'%$'53/""/'&3"'0/""/=';$'Z$7/@'>['(:0(4"/'>\?]='h+'3'Q28&2@F(8w"N.,";$'+(-H/-0#(-'9/';$'Z$7/@'(B =':#0."M2"*2I*2"8+4C@2*">123%'+("'('*'$@2"2("73$(e$'%A"KL"C$3$)3$C&2"2%*"@2"%L'1$(*"k"Z"X("$**2(K$(*"SLtL("H+K2"C@L%"8+4C@2*"K2%"@+'%"K2"@$")L2332"CL'%%2"l*32"JK'8*J,"@2%"v$L*2%"5$3*'2%"8+(*3$8*$(*2%"\L)2(*"+CC+3*L("K2"8+(%*$*23"SL2,"K$(%"@2%"8$%"(+("8+4C3 '%"K$(%"@2 %"K'%C+%'*'+ (%"3J)@242(*$'32%"$K+C*J2%"C$3"X@@2 %,"@2%"C+CL@$*'+(%"2*"@2%"U2@ @')J3$( *%"32%*2(*"%+L%"@$"%$L12)$3K2"2*"%+L%"@t24C'32"K2%"B"#-:#B/&'93'9"(#0'9/&'5/-&@'0/%&'D3^#%&'"E&3%0/-0'9/&'3&$5/&'E0$4%#&'/-0"/'-$0#(-&':#H#%#&E/&@'9/&'%(#&'9/'%^13,$-#0E'/0'9/&'/K#5/-:/&'9/'%$':(-&:#/-:/'B34%#D3/="^">/+L@')(242(*"$\+L*J.A"

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad D""!#$%&!%&!'()&*+&),!-!*3$KL8*'+("K2"G."E$F@2">!9!9DDA" Le Dr François Bayle est un psychiatre de la marine ; il est nommé en octobre 1946 à la Commission scientifique française des crimes de guerre pour étudier et rendre compte des expériences nazies. Placé près le Quartier général anglais dès le 1er novembre, il assiste au procès n° 1 et aux procès consécutifs, de sorte qu'il passe trois années en Allemagne. Il travaille avec un assistant et une sténodactylo allemands, et traduit lui-même depuis l'allemand et l'anglais, essentiellement à partir des documents produits pour le procès et transmis par les autorités américaines (Bayle, op. cit., p. xxiv-xxv). Bayle n'est ni un spécialiste de la recherche médi cale, ni un ju riste ; sa vision du procès est celle d'un mé decin formé dans la tra dition déontologique de son temps. En tout état de cause, sa traduction du " code de Nuremberg » imprime une vision éthicisante au texte et fourmille d'approximations. Des substitutions, ajouts ou omissions altèrent le sens à de nombreux endroits. Ainsi, dans l'introduction du " code », le Tribunal constate que les protagonistes de l'expérimentation sur des êtres humains justifient leurs vues sur le fondement de ce que de telles expériences produisent des résultats avantageux pour le bien de la " société », qui sont impossibles à obtenir autrement ; Bayle, typiquement, substitue " humanité » à " société ». La traduction de l'article 1, si essentiel, sur le consentemen t volontair e, est symp tomatique du caractère hâtif ou orienté de la trad uction de Bayle. L'expression "human subject» y est amortie en " sujet qui sert à l'expérience ». L'idée clé que la personne concernée " doit être placée en situation d'exercer un libre pouvoir de choix » (ce qui suppose, de la part des expérimentateurs, une action positive), est affadie par la formulation qu'elle doit seulement " être laissée libre de décider » (ce qui n'obligerait qu'à s'abstenir de faire pression). La traduction de la suite de ce même développement rate des points essentiels. Le sujet d'expérience " doit avoir une connaissance et une compréhension suffisantes de ce que sa participation implique, de façon à lui permettre de prendre une décision éclairée », dit le jugement qui précise : " Ce dernier point demande que, avant d'accepter une décision positive par le sujet d'expérience, il lui soit fait connaître (...) ». La traduction de Bayle donne, pour ce dernier passage : " Avant que le sujet expérimental accepte, il faut donc le renseigner exactement sur... ». Ce n'est plus de l'acceptation d'un accord du sujet par l'expérimentateur, dont on parle, mais de l'acceptation de l'expérience par le sujet. La version de Bayle laisse ainsi entendre qu'il suffirait que la personne ait été informée pour que son accord vaille ; l'idée que l'expérimentateur puisse ne pas devoir accepter l'accord du sujet est manquée. De nombreuses précisions sont perdues de la même façon. Les " personnes scientifiquement qualifiées » mentionnées à l'article 8 ne sont plus que des " personnes qualifiées ». Au même article, l'expression " skill and care », qui appartient à la langue juridique américaine, n'est pas reconnue (v. " The Standard of Skill and Care Governing the Civil Liability of Physicians », University of Pennsylvania Law Review and American Law Register 1929 (nov.), 78 (1), p. 91). Pas plus que la citation de la Convention de La Haye du 18 octobre 1907 concernant les lois et coutumes de la guerre sur terre, dont Bayle supprime les guillemets et qu'il retraduit de l 'anglais a lors que le tex te original est en fr ançais. Pl us généralement, Bayle a po rté peu d'attention à la rhétorique du texte initial en anglais qui paraît pourtant hautement significative. Lorsque les verbes de devoir (" should » ou " must ») sont employés, ils visent un état de fait ou une procédure impersonnelle que le juge doit pouvoir constater, et non pas, comme Bayle croit pouvoir traduire, un devoir de faire imposé à l'expérimentateur : le texte du Tribunal donne une liste de critères pour juger du caractère licite ou illicite des choses et non pas une liste de maximes éthiques ou déontologiques pour agir. Pour autant, quelles que soient ses imperfections, la version de Bayle a le mérite d'être une traduction faite sur le texte initial. Ce n'est pas le cas de l'adaptation qu'utilisent le CCNE en 1984 et le Conseil d'État en 1988. """xE$F@2,"C."!:9=y" M$"4$\+3'*J"K2%"C3 2L12%"SL' "(+L%"+(*"J*J"C3J%2(*J2 %,"*2(K2(*" c"4+(*323"SL2"823*$'(2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"&L4$'(2%,"@+3%SL_2@@2%"32%*2(*"K$(%"xC."!:9:y"K2%"@'4'*2%"3$'%+(($U@242(*"KJ7'('2%,"%+(*"8+(7+342%"c"@_J*&'SL2"K2"@$"C3+72%%'+("4JK'8$@2"2(")J(J3$@."M2%"C3+*$)+('%*2%"K2"@_2ICJ3'42(*$*'+("%L3"K2%"l*32%"&L4$'(%,"\L%*'7'2(*"@2L3"C+%'*'+("2("K'%$(*"SL2"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%"C3+7'*2(*"c"@_&L4$('*J,"2*"SL_'@"%23$'*"'4C+%%'U@2"K_+U*2('3"@2%"4l42%"3J%L@*$*%"C$3"K_$L*32%"4+F2(%."Q$'%"*+L%"%+(*"K_$88+3K"C+L3"K'32"

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad 9"SL2"823*$'(% "C3'(8'C2%"7+(K$42(*$LI"K+' 12(*"l*32"32%C28*J%"C+L3"%$*' %7$'32"K2%"8+(82C*'+(%"4+3$@2%,"J*&'SL2%"2*"@J)$@2%.""!."M2"8+( %2(*242(* "1+@+(*$'32"KL"%L\2*"SL'"%23*"$LI"2 ICJ3'2(82%"2%*"$U%+@L42(*"2%%2(*'2@."H2@$"12L*"K'32"SL2"@$"C23%+((2"'(*J32%%J2"K+'*"\+L'3"K2"8$C$8'*J"@J)$@2"*+*$@2"C+L3"8+(%2(*'3"k "SLt2@@2"K+'*"l*32"@$'%%J2" @'U32"K2"K J8'K23," c"@_2I8@L%'+("K2"*+L*2" '(*2312(*'+("J*3$()P32"*2@ @2"SL2"@$"7+382,"@$ "73$LK2,"@$"8+(*3$'(*2,"@$ "%LC238&23'2, "@$"KLC23'2"+L"Kt$L*32%" C3+8JKJ%"K2"8+(*3$ '(*2%"+L"K2"8+238'*'+("x%$(%"'(*2312(*'+(" K2"SL2@SL2"J@J42(*"K2"7+382 ,"K2"73$LK2,"K2"8+(*3 $'(*2,"K 2"%LC238&23'2,"K2"KL C23'2"+L" Kt$L*32%"7+342%"K2"8+(*3$'(*2%"+L"K2"8+238'*'+(y."W@"7$L*"$L%%'"SL2"@$"C23%+((2"L*'@'%J2"xSL_2@@2y"%+'*"%L77'%$442(*"32( %2')(J2,"2*"8+ (($'%%2"*+L*2"@$"C+3*J2"K2"@t2IC J3'2(82"C3$*'SLJ2"%L3"2@@2,"$7'("Ktl*32"8$C$U@2"K2"42%L323"@t2772*"K2"%$"KJ8'%'+(."N1$(*"SL2"@2"%L\2*"x2ICJ3'42(*$@y"$882C*2,"'@"7$L*"K+(8"@2"32(%2')(23"2I$8*242(*"%L3"@$"($*L32,"@$"KL3J2,"2*"@2"UL*"K2"@t2ICJ3'2(82,"$'(%'"SL2"%L3"@2%"4J*&+K2%"2*"4+F2(%"24C@+FJ%,"@2%"K$()23%"2*"@2%"3'%SL2%"2(8+L3L%, "2*"@2%"8+(%JSL2(82%"C+L3"%$" %$(*J"+L" %$"C23%+((2, "SL'"C2L12(*"3J%L@*23"K2"%$"C$3*'8'C$ *'+(" c"82**2" 2ICJ3'2(82."Mt+U@')$*'+("2*"@$"32%C+(%$U'@'*J"Kt$CC3J8'23"@2%"8+(K'*'+(%"K$(%"@2%SL2@@2%"@2"%L\2*"K+((2"%+("8+(%2(*242(*"'(8+4U2(*"c"@$"C23%+((2"SL'"C32(K"@t'('*'$*'12"2*"@$"K'328*'+("K2"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%"+L"SL'"F"*3$1$'@@2."H2**2"+U@')$*'+( "2*"82**2"32%C+(%$U'@'*J"%t$**$8&2(*" c"82**2"C 23%+((2,"SL'"(2" C2L*"@2%"*3$(%42**32"c"(L@@2"$L*32"%$(%"l*32"C+L3%L'1'2."B."Mt2ICJ3'2(82"K+'*"$1+'3"K2%"3J%L@*$*%"C3$*'SL2%"C+L3"@_&L4$('*J"xC+L3"@2"U'2("K2"@$"%+8'J*Jy"'4C+%%'U@2%"c"+U*2('3"C$3"Kt$L*32%"4+F2(%"f"2@@2"K+'*"l*32"C3$*'SLJ2"$128"L(2"4J*&+K2"KJ7'('2,"2*"l*32"'4C+%J2"C$3"@$"(J82%%'*2"x2@@2"(2"K+'*"C$%"l*32"C3$*'SLJ2"$L"&$%$3K"2*"%$(%"(J82%%'*Jy."=."M2%"7+(K242(*%"K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82"K+'12(*"3J%'K23"K$(%"@2%"3J%L@*$*%"K_2ICJ3'2(82%"$(*J3'2L32%"7$'*2%"%L3"K2%"$('4$LI,"2*"K$(%"@$"8+(($'%%$(82"K2"@$")2(P%2"K2"@$"4$@$K'2"+L"K2%"SL2%* '+(%"c"@_J*LK2,"K2" 7$e+("c"\L%* '7'23"C$3"@2%"3J%L@*$*%"$* *2(KL%" @_2IJ8L*'+(" K2"@_2ICJ3'2(82.":."M_2ICJ3'2(82"K+'*"l*32"C3$*'SLJ2"K2"7$e+("c"J1'*23"*+L*2"%+L773$(82"2*"*+L*"K+44$)2"C&F%'SL2"+L"42(*$@,"(+("(J82%%$'32%."<."M_2ICJ3'2(82"(2"K+'*"C$%"l*32"*2(*J2"@+3%SL_'@"F"$"L(2"3$'%+("$"C3'+3'"K2"83+'32"SL_2@@2"2(*3$n(23$"@$"4+3*"+L"@_'(1$@'K'*J"KL"%L\2*,"c"@_2I82C*'+("K2%"8$%"+o"@2%"4JK28'(%"SL'"7+(*"@2%"328&238&2%"%2312(*"2LI;4l42%"K2"%L\2*%"c"@_2ICJ3'2(82."d."M2%"3'%SL2%"2(8+L3L%"(2"K213+(*"\$4$'%"2I8JK23"@$"1$@2L3"C+%'*'12"C+L3"@_&L4$('*J"x@t'4C+3*$(82"&L4$('*$'32y"KL"C3+U@P42"SL2"K+'*"3J%+LK32"@t2ICJ3'2(82"2(1'%$)J2."g."6(" K+'*"7$'32"2("%+3* 2"K_J8$3*23" KL"%L\2*"SL '"%23*" c"@_2IC J3'2(82"xKL"%L\2*"2ICJ3'42(*$@y"*+L*2"J12(*L$@'*J,"%'"4'(82"%+'*;2@@2,"%L%82C*'U@2"K2"C3+1+SL23" K2%"U@2%%L32%,"@_'(1$@'K'*J"+L"@$"4+3*."D."M2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"(2"K+'12(*"l*32"C3$*'SLJ2%"SL2"C$3"K2%"C23%+((2%"SL$@'7'J2%."M$"C@L%")3$(K2"$C*'*LK2"2*"L(2"2I*3l42"$**2(*'+("xC."!:9

" "Code de Nuremberg" : traductions et adaptations en français », in Des cobayes et des hommes : expérimentation sur l'être humain et justice, Paris, Belles Lettres, 2011, appendice électronique http://descobayesetdeshommes.fr/Docs/NurembergTrad !T"1'8*'42%"K2"82%"$*3+8'*J%,"J*$'2(*"8'*+F2(%"K2"C$F%"$L*32%"SL2"@2"Y2'8&"$@@24$(K."H_J*$'*"K2%"($*'+($LI"(+("$@@24$(K%,"K2%"pL'7%"2*"K2%"C23%+((2%"Z"$%+8'$@2%"^,"C3'%+(('23%"K2")L2332"2*"8'1'@%,"SL'"$1$'2(*"J*J"24C3'%+((J%,"2*"8+(*3$'(*%"K2"%LU'3"82%"*+3*L32%"2*"82**2"U$3U$3'2,"%$(%"4l42"L("%24U@$(*"K2"C3+8P%."N"8&$SL2"'(%*$(*,"'@"$CC$3$n*"K$(%"@2"C3+8P%;123U$@"SL2"@2%"%L\2*%"L*'@'%J%"( _$1$'2(*"C$%"K+((J"@2L3"8+ (%2(*242(*."5+L3"823*$'(2%"2ICJ3'2(82%,"@2%"$88L%J%" 2LI;4l42%"328+((L3 2(*"SL2"@2%"%L\2*%"(2"7L32(*"C$%"1+@+(*$'32%."X("$L8L("8$%,"@2" %L\2*"K_2I CJ3'2(82"(_2L*" @$"@ 'U23*J"K2"7$'32"82%%23" @_2ICJ3'2(82."O$(%"K2"(+4U32LI"8$%,"@2%" 2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"C3$*'SLJ2%" C$3"K2%"C23%+((2%"(+("SL$@'7'J2%,"+L "7L32(*"7$'* 2%"%$(%"4J*&+K2"2*"%$(%"3$'%+("%8'2( *'7'SL2" KJ7'('2,"2*"K$(%"K2%"8+(K'*'+(%"4$*J3'2@@2%"3J1+@*$(*2%."m+L*2%"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%"2L32(*"@'2L"K$(%"K2%"8+(K'*'+(%"2773+F$U@2%,"2*"%2L@242(*"*3P%"C2L"q"%'"4l42"'@"F"2("2L*"xqy,"K2"C3J8$L*'+(%"7L32(*"C3'%2%"C+L3"J1'*23"$LI"%L\2*%"K2%"U@2%%L32%,"@_'(1$@'K'*J"+L"@$"4+3*."NL"8+L3%"K2"*+L*2%"82%"2ICJ3'2(82%,"@2%"%L\2*%"2(KL3P32(*"K2%"%+L773$(82%"2I*3l42%,"7L32(*"*+3*L3J%,"2*"K$(%"@$"C@LC$3*"K2%"8$%,"'@%"7L32(*"U@2%%J%"+L"4L*'@J%"f"U2$L8+LC"4+L3L32(*"K'328*242(*"K2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"+L"'(K'328*242(*"KL"4$(SL2"K2"%+'(%"(J82%%$'32%.""O2"*+L*2"J1'K2(82,"K2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"C3$*'SLJ2%"$128"@2"C@L%")3$(K"4JC3'%"K2%"8+(12(*'+(%"'(*23($*'+($@2%,"K2%"@+'%"2*"8+L*L42%"K2"@$")L2332,"2*"K2%"C3'(8'C2%")J(J3$LI"KL"O3+'*"83'4'(2@"K2"*+L*2%"@2%"($*'+(%"8'1'@'%J2%,"2*"K2"@$"@+'"(`"!T"KL"H+(%2'@"K2"H+(*3r@2."H2%"2ICJ3'2(82%"7L32(*"3J$@'%J2%"K$(%"K2%"8+(K'*'+(%"8+(*3$'32%"$LI"C3'(8'C2%"\L3'K'SL2%"K2%"($*'+(%,"*2@%"SL_'@%"3J%L@*2(*"8&2a"@2%"C2LC@2%"8'1'@'%J%,"K2%"L%$)2%"J*$U@'%"KL"K3+'*"K2%")2(%,"2*"K2%"8+44$(K242(*%"K2"@$"8+(%8'2(82"CLU@'SL2.V""""E$F@2"G.,'+"(#K'5$,,E/':(- 0"/':$93:E/=';/&'/KBE "#/-:/&'13,$#-/&'/-'U%%/,$5-/'B/-9$-0'%$'I/3K#Y,/'_3/""/'6(-9#$%/@'R2L%*$K*,"H+44'%%'+("%8'2(*'7'SL2"K2%"83'42%"K2")L2332,"!9Z"[L2"%$'%;\2"]"^A,"!99:,"C."!T:;!T<.""

quotesdbs_dbs10.pdfusesText_16

[PDF] [PDF] « Code de Nuremberg » - Inserm