[PDF] [PDF] Solution (#1027) Let A be the adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph

Solution (#1027) Let A be the adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph with vertices v1, ,vn As the graph is bipartite we can partition the vertex set into disjoint 



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[PDF] Solution (#1027) Let A be the adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph

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Solution(#1027) LetAbe the adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph with verticesv1,...,vnAs the graph is bipartite

we can partition the vertex set into disjoint subsetsV1andV2such that every edge of the graph connects a vertex

inV1to one inV2.Say thatvi1,...,vimare the vertices inV1and letPbe any permutation matrices whose firstm

columns areeT i1,eT i2,...,eT im.

Denote the remaining columns ofPaseT

im+1,eT im+2,...,eT in.

We have for any1kmthat

APeT k=AeT ik=n r=m+1b rkeT ir=n r=m+1b rkPeT r for somebrias the graph is bipartite. So P -1APeT k=n r=m+1b rkeT r.

In a similar fashion we have form+ 1knthat

P -1APeT k=m r=1b rkeT r. Finally asPis orthogonal andAis symmetric thenP-1AP=PTAPis symmetric and we have P -1AP=0mmB B T0nn for somem×(n-m)matrixB.

The eigenvalues ofAare the same as those ofP-1AP. Ifλ= 0then there is nothing to prove. Ifλis a non-zero

eigenvalue ofP-1APthis means that there is a vector v=v1 v 2 (wherev1is inRmandv2is inRn-m) such that P -1APv1 v 2 =0mmB B T0nn v1 v 2 =Bv2 BTv1 =λv1

λv2

So

Bv2=λv1andBTv1=λv2.

Note also that asv=0andλ= 0thenv1=0=v2. We then have P -1APv1 -v2 =0mmB B T0nn v1 -v2 =-Bv2 BTv1 =-λv1

λv2

=-λv1 -v2 and so-λis also an eigenvalue.quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20