Example: Prepare 100 mL of 1 0 M hydrochloric acid from Calculating Molarity from Percent Solutions Add solid to acid solution, stir, then add to water
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Molarity
The most common unit of solution concentration is
molarity (M) The molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per one liter of solution. Note that the unit of volume for molarity is liters, not milliliters or some other unit. Also note that one liter of solution contains both the solute and the solvent. Molarity, therefore, is a ratio between moles of solute and liters of solution. To prepare laboratory solutions, usually a given volume and molarity are required. To determine molarity, the formula weight or molar mass of the solute is needed. The following exam ples illustrate the calculations for preparing solutions. If starting with a solid, use the following procedure: mass, MM s s) required using equation 1. eq. 1. g s = MM s x M x NaCl g NaCl xx g NaClIf starting with a solution or liquid reagent:
2 2 ) the final solution should be.Basic Concepts of Preparing Solutions
Many of the reagents used in science are in the form of solutions which need to be purchased or prepared. For many purposes, the exact value of concentration is not critical; in other cases, the concentration of the solution and its method of preparation must be as accurate as is designed for both the novice and experienced solution maker. It provides valuable information on the basic concepts of preparing solu tions and instructions for preparing most solutions required in the high when high quality and fresh chemicals and solvents are used, and meticulous procedures are followed. Many of the solutions describedTOSAVE
valuable laboratory prep time.The section is divided into several parts for your convenience. Basic concepts of preparing solutions
1 ) of starting, more concentrated solu tion. 1 ) required using equa 1 2 1 1 = M 2 2 M 1 1 = M 2 2 1 1Mass percent solutions
are defined based on the grams of solute by mass solution.Volume percent solutions
are defined as milliliters of solute per 2MAKING
APPROX
M, OFSOLUTION
IS A BYVOLUME
solution.Mass-volume percent solutions
are also very common. These© 2011 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved.BASIC CONCEPTS OF PREPARING SOLUTIONS continued on next page.
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