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10/12/11 1 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Chapter 5: Animation

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Overview

• Introduction to animation

• Computer-generated animation • File formats used in animation • Making successful animations

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Introduction to Animation

• Animation: the creation of moving images one frame at a time. Animate: literally "to bring to life."

• Cel Animation: Elements intended to move in a scene were drawn on celluloid sheets and laid over a separate background.

• Stop Motion and Claymation • Captured one frame at a time. • Image Sequence, Movie, Vector Animation,

Animated GIF, Rotoscoping, etc.

10/12/11 2 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Introduction to Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved • Possible due to "persistence of vision" and a psychological phenomenon called phi. • A series of images rapidly changed to create illusion of movement.

Introduction to Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved • Animation can be rendered in:

- 2D: simple, transformations in (x,y) coordinates. - 2 1/2D space: Illusion of depth through shadowing,

highlighting, forced perspective and reflections, though in reality still just 2D. - 3D space: Complicated and realistic animation. Can have flat shaded cartoon look all the way to photo realistic renderings.

Introduction to Animation (continued)

10/12/11 3 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

• When creating animation:

- Organize the execution in a series of logical steps. - Choose an animation tool best suited for the job

and intended output/format.

- Build and tweak the sequences. - Keyframes: first and last frames of an action. - Tweening: drawing frames in between keyframes. - Post-process the completed animation. - Export proper format(s).

Introduction to Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Introduction to Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Computer-Generated Animation

• Interpolation: calculation of values of a function lying between known points. - Only properties that have a simple numerical representation can be interpolated.

- Linear (unnatural), Easing, Bezier • Motion Path: used to guide the object. - Orient to Path option

10/12/11 4 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Computer-Generated Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Computer-Generated Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Computer-Generated Animation (continued)

10/12/11 5 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Computer-Generated Animation

• Kinematics: the study of movement and motion of structures that have joints. • Inverse kinematics: process of linking objects and defining their relationship and limits. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved • Morphing is an effect in which a still or moving image is transformed into another.

Computer-Generated Animation (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Web Animation Formats

• GIF89a file format: - Allows multiple images into a single file displayed as animation in a web browser. - 256 indexed colors max, transparency, handled by most browsers and does not need a plugin. - LZW compression not good for severe changes (ex.

Animated photos)

- Not interactive for the most part. • Flash SWF, SVG, Video

10/12/11 6 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Making Successful Animations

• Use animation carefully and sparingly. • High-quality animations require superior display platforms and hardware, as well as raw computing horsepower. • File compression is key when preparing animation files for the Web. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Making Successful Animations (continued)

• Some animation tools are: - Adobe's Flash, FireWorks, Photoshop, After Effects - AutoDesk's Maya, 3DSMax - Apple's Motion © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

A rolling ball

Making Successful Animations (continued)

10/12/11 7 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

A bouncing ball

Making Successful Animations (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Making GIF animations

Making Successful Animations (continued)

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Making GIF animations

Making Successful Animations (continued)

10/12/11 8 © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Summary

• Animation is visual change over time and adds great power to multimedia. • Cell animation uses a series of progressively different graphics on each frame of movie film. • Computer animation has eased the process of creating animation. • Many file formats are designed specifically to contain animation.quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20