[PDF] [PDF] How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and - Bates College

2 oct 2014 · Eur J Biochem 270(4):635-645 In text citation format: “ (Janacěk et al, 2003) ” (note use of “et al 



Previous PDF Next PDF





[PDF] Fonts When writing a research paper, many students struggle to

APA has helped ease these confusions and frustrations by explaining why some fonts are appropriate to use in research papers and what fonts researchers 



[PDF] Formatting an Academic Paper

This setting automatically indents the first line so that student writers don't have to do it manually Font Academic papers should be written in an academic font: 



[PDF] Guideline for Thesis Writing - Technische Informatik

some requirements that make a text legible and look good Secondly it is a scientific paper, so it must be compliant to the rules of scientific writing In the end it is 



[PDF] Formatting your essay - UNE

19 fév 2021 · Academic Skills Office (ASO) – Fact Sheets P a g e 1 DO NOT change fonts in the course of writing the essay On the computer – use 'Font' 



[PDF] INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS - Springer

Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted papers Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to The following editing service provides language editing for scientific articles in all 



[PDF] How to Write a Good Scientific Paper - SPIE

writing for a peer-reviewed science or engineering journal requires learning figures require very little in terms of supporting text in the body of the paper (see



[PDF] How to Write a Paper in Scientific Journal Style and - Bates College

2 oct 2014 · Eur J Biochem 270(4):635-645 In text citation format: “ (Janacěk et al, 2003) ” (note use of “et al 



[PDF] Writing a Scientific-Style Thesis - NUI Galway

4 1 Write from the start of your graduate studies postgraduate students feel comfortable using the resource as a valuable text in its entirety, as well as a menu 



[PDF] TYPESETTING FOR TECHNICAL WRITING - ANU

It is assumed that you are familiar with structuring and writing a technical / scientific report This document is about the delivery of your excellent text – not the 

[PDF] font licensing costs

[PDF] font names and examples

[PDF] font not available in adobe acrobat

[PDF] font similar to century gothic on google fonts

[PDF] font size disability discrimination act

[PDF] font size for ada compliance

[PDF] font size for gallery labels

[PDF] font size for university assignments

[PDF] font size latex article

[PDF] font size latex math mode

[PDF] font size latex overleaf

[PDF] font size latex table

[PDF] font sizes latex math

[PDF] font sizes latex small tiny

[PDF] font style scientific papers

HowtoWrite

aPaperinScientificJournal

StyleandFormat

DepartmentofBiology

BatesCollege

Lewiston,ME

v.10Ͳ2014 shownbetweensectionheadingsandtext.

Author1andAuthor2

DepartmentofBiology,BatesCollege

Lewiston,Maine

ABSTRACT

(briefsynopsisofpaper)

INTRODUCTION

(contextandpurposeofstudy)

MATERIALSANDMETHODS

(howyoudidthestudy)

RESULTS

(objectivepresentationofwhatyoufoundout)

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LITERATURECITED

Example:Journalarticle

JBiochem270(4):635Ͳ645.

andformatthatcanbeeasilyadaptedto upontheCBE publishedwritingguides.

HowtoUseThisGuide

Weprovide

allowsquickreturntotheTableof

TopofPage

UniversityPress.825p.

Acknowledgments

WritingatBatesProgram

whichcametoBatesCollegefrom

1of210/2/20142:34PM

whocontinually directedto:

GregAnderson(email:ganderso@bates.edu)

Dept.ofBiology

44CampusAvenue,

BatesCollege,Lewiston,ME04240

http://www.bates.edu/~ganderso/

Modified1Ǧ11Ǧ12

DepartmentofBiology,

BatesCollege,Lewiston,ME04240

2of210/2/20142:34PM

6 ££ 6¨#± ±¸ "¨$²'

Modified 9-30-08 Department of Biology,

³´§¬²¦¨¢¦´¢¢ ´¬¯(¦ ¨³³®¬ §¯ ¬ȁ¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦¯´¦2¥¨§¦ ¨³³®¬ ¯(¦¨¢¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦ ¬¦§¦

¯´¦§´¥¦¯¨¦2´¦¥´§¦§¯¦²´´¥§¦ ¢¢´¥´¬¯¦´´²¦¨¥¦´§³´¦³§¬(¦´¨´¦² ³¦

¡§¯¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦ ²¦§§ §2´¦¨¬¦§¦²®2´ ¯¦¯´¥²¦³§(¦¥´§¦¨¬(¦¯ ¯´²¦§¬¦

²¦¯§¯¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¢¨¥³§¯¦´²¦¯¨¦ ¬²®¥´¦¯§¯¦§¯¦¡§¯´´¥¦´´¦§¦´¥²¨¬¦¥´§²¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦!2´(¨¬¦

¢¢ §¯ ¨¬¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦#´¯¨²¦ ´²®¯²¦' ² ®²² ¨¬¦ ¬¨¡´ȁ³´¬¯²¦§¬¦( ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦

*§¯¦ ¦&¦¨¦ ¬¦§¦¬®¯²´+¦¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦

¦*§¯¦ ²¦¯´¦¥¨2´³+¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦

¦,¨¡¦ ¦&¦²¨´¦¯´¦¥¨2´³+¦¦#§¯´¥ §²¦§¬¦#´¯¨²¦

ȝ¢ ³¯͒±(Ǿ,3Ȁ*´¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¥´¨¥¯²¦¨¬¦³¨¥´¦¯§¬¦¨¬´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦®²´¦²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦´¦

-§³´¦¨¢¦§¦²®2´§ ¬ȁ%¦

¥´²¨¬²´¦³´§²®¥´¦´¯ ¦¦³§¨¥ ¯(¦¨¢¦¥´§´¥²¦¡ ¦¢ ¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦ §¦´´ ¯¥¨¬ ¦§¯§2§²´¦²´§¥ ´²¦

4¦

¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦*´¬¦³¨¥´¦¯´¬¦¯¡¨¦§®¯¨¥²¦¯´¦¬§³´²¦§¥´¦²´§¥§¯´¦2(¦

¨³³§²¦´ ´¯¦¢¨¥¦¯´¦§²¯¦¡ ¦ ²¦²´§¥§¯´¦¢¥¨³¦¯´¦¥´ ¨®²¦¬§³´¦2(¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦8§¬8¦¦

!´¡¯͒,¯±Ȁ5͒(¨®Ȁ·¯͒Ȁ§¯£7¯¡͒ ¢¡¯Ȁ

¦&³§¦#§§¥¦/¥§¦'¥§´¦§¬¦*¨¨¥®¢¢¦'® 9®´¦

®¬§³2 ȁ®¨®²¦(´¯¦2´¦§¬¦§´9®§¯´¦´² ¥ ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¥®´$¨¢$¯®³2¦ ²¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦

2§² ²¦¢¨¥¦³¨²¯¦¨¬$ ¬´¦ ¨³®¯´¥¦²´§¥ ´²¦$¦ ¢¦(¨®¥¦¯ ¯´¦ ²¦ ¬²®¢¢ ´¬¯¦¢´¡¦´¨´¦¡ ¦¢ ¬¦¨¥¦¥´§¦

¨¥³¨¬´¦´²¯¥¨ȁ´¬¦§¬¦¡§¯ ¬ȁ¦¢¨¥¦§¦ ´¥¯§ ¬¦ ¬¦¨¢¦ ¨®¥¯² ¦2´§ ¨¥¦

*(+¦&¯¦ ²¦´¥(¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦§¬¦ ¨®¦2´¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦§¬(¦¨¢¦§¦¬®³2´¥¦¨¢¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥²¦

*(+¦:´ §®²´¦¯´¦´(¦¡¨¥²¦ ´¬¯ ¢(¦§¦²´ ¢ ¦2´§ ¨¥¦§¦³¨ ¢( ¬ȁ¦§ȁ´¬¯¦§¬¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦

¨¥ȁ§¬ ²³¦&¢¦¨²² 2´¦ȁ ´¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯ ¯´¦§²¦²´´¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦´§³´¦

1 ³ §¥(¦¯´¦§2¨´¦¯ ¯´¦ ¨®¦2´¦¥´²¯§¯´¦§²%¦

§´¥¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢¨¨¡ ¬ȁ¦¥´² ¥ 2´¦²´9®´¬ ´%¦

o ²¯§¯´¦¯´¦®¥¨²´¦´¥(¦ ´§¥(¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦¨¥¦²´ ¨¬¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦¦

o ´§¥(¦´¥´²²¦¯´¦2§² ¦´² ȁ¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦¦

o .§³´¦¨¥¦2¥ ´¢(¦´² ¥ 2´¦¯´¦2§² ¦³´¯¨¨¨ȁ(¦®²´¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦ȁ¨ ¬ȁ¦ ¬¯¨¦´ ´²² ´¦

´¯§ $2´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦ ¬ §¯´¦¯´¦´(¦¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦®²´¦¦

o ¥´¨¥¯¦¯¨²´¦¥´²®¯²¦¡ ¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦(¨®¦¡´¥´¦§² ¬ȁ¦¦

o ´¬¯ ¢(¦¯¥´¬²¦¥´§¯ ´¦ §¬ȁ´¦¨¥¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦´¯ ¦¦

o ´§¥(¦²¯§¯´¦¯´¦ ³ §¯ ¨¬²¦¨¢¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦ȁ§´¦(¨®¦¦

2²¯¥§ ¯¦²¨®¦2´¦´¯¦¯¨¦§2¨®¯¦4<<$5<<¦¡¨¥²¦³§ ³®³¦!§¦¯( §¦²¯§¬§¥¦´¬ȁ¯¦¢¨¥¦¨®¥¬§²"¦

¥´²¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦¨¥¦ ¯¦³§(¦2´¦¯´¦¨¬(¦§¥¯¦¯´(¦ §¬¦¨2¯§ ¬¦ §¦´´ ¯¥¨¬ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦²´§¥ ´²¦¨¥¦ ¬¦

´¯ "¦³®²¯¦2´¦ ¬ ®´¦¯¨¦³§´¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦®²´¢®¦¯¨¦²¨³´¨¬´¦¡¨¦³§(¦¯¨¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦(¨®¥¦¡¨¥¦

(¨®¥¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦¡§²¦¯´¦¨¬(¦§¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦(¨®¦ ¨®¦§ ´²²¦¡¨®¦(¨®¦2´¦§(¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦

§²² ´¦ ¨¬²¯¥® ¯ ¨¬²¦*¥ ¯´¦(¨®¥¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦®² ¬ȁ¦ ¨¬ ²´¦2®¯¦ ¨³´¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´²¦§¬¦ȁ´¯¦¯¨¦¯´¦

¨ ¬¯¦9® (¦&,¯Ȁ7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯¦#§ ³®³¦´¬ȁ¯¦²¨®¦2´¦4<<$5<<¦¡¨¥²¦®²®§(¦ ¬¦§¦² ¬ȁ´¦

· ´¬ȁ¯(¦2§ ȁ¥¨®¬¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¦

· §22¥´ §¯ ¨¬²¦¨¥¦¯´¥³²¦¯§¯¦³§(¦2´¦ ¨¬¢®² ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¥´§´¥²¦¦

· §¬(¦²¨¥¯¦¨¢¦ ®²¯¥§¯ ¨¬¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¨¥¦¯§2´¦¨¥¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯¨¦¯´³¦¦

5¦ȝ ¡͒ ¯Ǿ®%¦¯¨®ȁ¦ ¯¦ ²¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦2(¦´¢ ¬ ¯ ¨¬¦³®²¯¦2´¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦

§2¨®¯¦¥´ ² ¬ȁ¦¨¥¦§ ¬ȁ¦¡¨¥²¦¯¨¦³§´¦ ¯¦§¦ ¨´² ´¦§¬¦ ´§¥¦²¦(¨®¦2´ ¨³´¦³¨¥´¦¥¨¢ ´¬¯¦(¨®¦

¡ ¦³¨²¯¦ ´(¦ ¨³¨²´¦¯´¦2²¯¥§ ¯¦¢¥¨³¦² ¥§¯ ¦

¬¦¯´¦§2²¯¥§ ¯¦ ¨³´¯´(¦§ȁ¥´´²¦¡ ¯¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦§´¥¦)¨¬¢ ¥³¦¯§¯¦͒¨¨¦¯´¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦

§´§¥ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦§2²¯¥§ ¯¦§ ¯®§(¦§´§¥²¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦

!2§͗.5&¦§!.2Ȁ

¥ ³§¥(¦¥´²´§¥ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦!¡ ¯¦ ¯§¯ ¨¬²"¦§¬¦²®³³§¥ 0 ¬ȁ¦¨®¥¦ ®¥¥´¬¯¦

®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦§¥´¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯ ¬ȁ6¦¦

· 1¯§¯´¦¯´¦®¥¨²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦ ¬¦¯´¦¢¨¥³¦¨¢¦¯´¦(¨¯´² ²¦9®´²¯ ¨¬¦¨¥¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦

¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´6¦§¬¦¦

· :¥ ´¢(¦´§ ¬¦(¨®¥¦¥§¯ ¨¬§´¦§¬¦§¥¨§ ¦§¬¦¡´¬´´¥¦¨²² 2´¦¯´¦¨²² 2´¦¨®¯ ¨³´²¦

=® ¯´¦ ¯´¥§(¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦³®²¯¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦8+¦

8¦

4¦ȝ ®¨¯

%¦/²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦§²¦³® ¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦1¨³´¦®²´¦¨¢¦¢ ¥²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦ ²¦¨§(¦2®¯¦¨¦¬¨¯¦¨´¥¨¦

2¥¨§´²¯¦§¥¯¦§¯¦¯´¦¯¨¦¥´¥´²´¬¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦³¨²¯¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§¬¦¢¨ ®² ¬ȁ¦¨¡¬¦¯¨¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦

¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦²¯® ´¦¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦¯´¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦¥´²´¬¯¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦§²´ ¯²¦¨¢¦¯´¦¯¨ ¦

6¦²¯§¥¯¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦®¥¨²´¦§¬¦¯´¬¦´ ´¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¯´¦

² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦ ¬¦¡ ¦(¨®¦§¥´¦§² ¬ȁ¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦§¥´²²´²¦¬ ´¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦

¡ ¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦²¨®¦2´ȁ ¬¦

³§¯¯´¥¦9® (¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦¨² ¬ȁ¦¢¨ ®²¦¨¥¦ ² ®²² ¬ȁ¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ ²¦¯¨¨¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¨¥¦

´§³´¦ ¬¦¯´¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥¦§´¥¦¯´¦¡¨¥²¦¦§¬¦

¬´¡¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦¥¨2´³¦

¯§¯ ¨¬²"¦2®¯¦

²¨®¦¬¨¯¦ ¬ ®´¦´¥(¦²´ ¢ ¦´¬ȁ¯(¦´§¬§¯ ¨¬²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦¡ ¦¥¨2§2(¦ ² ®²²¦ ¬¦ȁ¥´§¯´¥¦

2®¯¦¡ ¯¦¥§ ¯ ´¦§¬¦¥´§ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦(¨®¦¡ ¦´´¨¦´¦¢ ¥³´¥¦²´¬²´¦¨¢¦

(¨®¥¦§® ´¬ ´¦&¬¦¯´¦³¨®²´¦2´§ ¨¥¦§´¥¦¢¨¥¦´§³´¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦2´ȁ ¬¦¯´¦&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦

§¯¦¯´¦´´¦¨¢¦³§¯ ¬ȁ¦2´§ ¨¥¦ ¬¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¯´¬¦9® (¦¢¨ ®²¦¯¨¦³¨®²´¦³§¯ ¬ȁ¦2´§ ¨¥²¦§¬¦

¯´¬¦¨¥³¨¬§¦¥´ȁ®§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦2´§ ¨¥¦(´§¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦¨¢¦

®¥¨²´?(¨¯´² ²¦2(¦¢¨ ®² ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦¥´ ´¡¦¢¥¨³¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦!¯´¦2 ȁ¦

¯®¥´¦´ȁ¦¨¥³¨¬§¦³¨®§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦2´§ ¨¥²"¦¯¨¦¯´¦³¨¥´¦²´ ¢ ¦¯¨ ¦¨¢¦ ¬¯´¥´²¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¦

²´®§¦2´§ ¨¥²¦¨¢¦³ ´"¦¦

¦$¦¯´¦¨®¥¬§²¦¯§¯¦®2 ²¦¨¥ ȁ ¬§¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦§¥¯ ´²¦¯¨®ȁ¦(¨®¦³§(¦¥´§¦²¨³´¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦2§ ȁ¥¨®¬¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦

!´¬ ( ¨´ §²¦¯´¯2¨¨²¦§2¦³§¬®§²¦²¯(´¦³§¬®§²¦´¯ "¦¯¨¦ȁ´¯¦(¨®¥²´¢¦§ 9® §¬¯´¦¡ ¯¦

¯´¦²®2´ ¯¦§¥´§¦¨¦¬¨¯¦ ¯´¦¯´²´¦2´ §²®´¦¯´(¦ ¨¬¯§ ¬¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ ²¦ ¨¬² ´¥´¦

¢®¬§³´¬¯§¦¨¥¦8 ¨³³¨¬8¦¬¨¡´ȁ´¦¡9 ¯ ¬¦¯´¦ ² ¬´¦) ¯´¦ ¬²¯´§¦§¥¯ ´²¦¯§¯¦

¥´¨¥¯´¦²´ ¢ ¦¥´²®¯²¦¥´´§¬¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦(´§¥¬¦§²¦²¨¨¬¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦¨¡¦¯¨¦¢ ¬¦¯´¦

!±¯9¦$¦§¬¦ ¬´¦¡ ¦ ²¦®²´¢®¦¢¨¥¦¯¥§ ¬ȁ¦§¦ ¬´¦¨¢¦ ¬9® ¥(¦ ¬¦¯ ³´¦1¨³´¦¨¢¦¯´¦

¬¯´¥´²¯¦¯¨¦(¨®¦!¦§¥´¦§¥¯ ®§¥(¦®²´¢®¦2´ §®²´¦¯´(¦²®³³§¥ 0´¦§¦¯´¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦¨¬´¦¨¬¦§¦¬§¥¥¨¡¦²®2´ ¯¦§¥´§¦¨´¥¦§¦2¥ ´¢¦´¥ ¨¦¨¢¦¯ ³´¦!§¦(´§¥¦¯¨¦§¦¢´¡¦(´§¥²¦ ¬¦

¢ ¥²¯¦´§¥¬ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¡¥ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦¢¨¥³§¯¦ ¯¦ ²¦¨§(¦§¬¦§ ¯®§(¦¥´¢´¥§2´¦¯¨¦®²´¦§¦§¯¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦

´§ ¬¦¯´¦¦!2"¦2§¦2§!4"¦´¯ ¦&¯¦ ²¦³¨²¯¦®²®§¦¯¨¦§ ´¦¯´¦²¯§¯´³´¬¯¦¨¢¦®¥¨²´¦¬´§¥¦

¬´ ´²²§¥(¦!¨¥¦´´¬¦´² ¥§2´"¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´¦¡¨¥²¦8(¨¯´² ²8¦¨¥¦8¬®¦(¨¯´² ²8¦² ¬ ´¦¯´²´¦

´§³´%¦1¯§¯´¦2¥ ´¢(¦¨¡¦(¨®¦§¥¨§ ´¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦!´ȁ¦(¨®¦²¯® ´¦¨ §¯ ´¦

²(²¯´³+¦*§¯¦§§¬¯§ȁ´²¦¨´²¦ ¯¦ ¨¬¢´¥¦ ¬¦§¬²¡´¥ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦(¨®¦§¥´¦

¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦!¯ ²¦¡ ¦2´¦

#§¯´¥ §²¦§¬¦#´¯¨²"6¦(¨®¥¦¥´§´¥²¦¡ ¦2´¦9® ¯´¦¢§³ §¥¦¡ ¯¦¯´¦®²®§¦

¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦§¬¦§¥¨§ ´²¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦¢ ´¦&¢¦(¨®¦§¥´¦®² ¬ȁ¦§¦¦!¬´¡¦¥´¨®¯ ¨¬§¥(¦

¬´´¥¦®²´¦2´¢¨¥´"¦¯´ ¬ 9®´¦¨¥¦³´¯¨¨¨ȁ(¦¯´¦³´¥ ¯²¦¨¢¦¯´¦¬´¡¦¯´ ¬ 9®´?³´¯¨¦

¦²¯¥® ¯®¥´¦§¬¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0§¯ ¨¬¦!´¯§ ²¦¢¨¨¡¦2´¨¡"%¦

³¨¥¯§¬¯¦¢§ ¯¨¥²"6¦¬¨¯´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¯´¥³¦8²®2´ ¯8¦ ²¦®²´¦.(3¦¢¨¥¦®³§¬¦²¯® ´²¦¦

¢´§¯®¥´²¦§¬¦¥´ ²´¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦!§¯ ¯®´¦§¬¦¨¬ȁ ¯®´¦³§¦´¯ "6¦¦

· ¯´¦¯97¯¡(£¯ ͒¨Ȁ.͗Ȁ,͒£7¨(ǾȀ±¯,(Ǿ¦! ´¦¨¡¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¨¥¦²¯®(¦¡§²¦²¯¥® ¯®¥´¦¨¥¦

´§³´¦ ¨¬¯¥¨²¦¯¥´§¯³´¬¯²¦¯´¦§¥ §2´!²"¦³´§²®¥´¦¨¡¦³§¬(¦²§³´²¦¡´¥´¦ ¨´ ¯´¦

¥´ §¯ ¨¬¦´¯ "6¦¦

¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦²¨¦(¨®¥¦¥´§´¥¦¡ ¦®¬´¥²¯§¬¦¯´¦¨ȁ §¦¢¨¡¦¨¢¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯!²"6¦

,¢ ³¯͒±(Ǿ,¦¡¨¥¦¡´¦¢¨¥¦¯ ²¦®¥¨²´¦-§ ¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¨¥¦¥¨ ´®¥´¦²¨®¦2´¦¥´²´¬¯´¦§²¦§¦

´¢¢ ´¬¯(¦¥´²´¬¯´¦§²¦§¬¦ ¬¯´ȁ¥§¯´¦®¬ ¯¦2´ §®²´¦¨¯´¥¡ ²´¦ ¯¦¡¨®¦2´¦ ¢¢ ®¯¦¯¨¦² ¯¦¯´³¦®¦&¬¦

ȁ´¬´¥§¦¥¨ ´¦´¬¨®ȁ¦9®§¬¯ ¯§¯ ´¦´¯§ !¨¡¦³® ¦¨¡¦¨¬ȁ¦¡´¬¦´¯ "¦§2¨®¯¦(¨®¥¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦¥¨¯¨ ¨¦²® ¦¯§¯¦¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦ ¨®¦¥´¥¨® ´¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦3¨®¦²¨®¦§²¨¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¥¨ ´®¥´²¦®²´¦¯¨¦§¬§(0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬ ® ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¥¨2§2 ¯(¦´´¦§¯¦

¡ ¦(¨®¦´¯´¥³ ¬´¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬ ´¦!®²®§(¦§¯¦<<@¦¥¨2§2 ¯("¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯¦3¨®¦³§(¦®²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦¯¨¦§¦ ´¥¯§ ¬¦´¯´¬¯¦§¯¨®ȁ¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¥´9® ¥´²¦³¨¥´¦®²´¦

´³´³2´¥¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´Ȁ7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯Ȁ¯¥¨®ȁ¨®¯¦$¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦2´ ¬ȁ¦¥´¨¥¯´¦ ²¦¨¬´¦§¬¦¡§²¦´¥¢¨¥³´¦

³ ȁ¯¦²´´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦§2¦³§¬®§¦ 5¦

1¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦¢¨¥¦¡¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦#´¯¨²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦

¦ ¨´ ¯´"¦#$""%¦¦2´¢¨¥´¦¯´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦¡§¯¦¯´(¦

!´ȁ¦2<$2@¦¥ ¦2AA;"¦§¬¦¯´¦´§ ¯¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯®(¦§¥´§¦(¨ §¯ ¨¬¦§¯§¦³®²¯¦2´¦§²¦¥´ ²´¦§²¦

¨²² 2´%¦8B¥¨´¥¦.§¯®¥´¦7¥´²´¥´¦C¦³ ¦1*¦B¥¨´¥¦#§ ¬´8¦¥§¯´¥¦¯§¬¦8B¥¨´¥¦.§¯®¥´¦7¥´²´¥´8¦¨¥¦

8B¥¨´¥8¦*´¬¦¨²² 2´¦ȁ ´¦¯´¦§ ¯®§¦§¯ ¯®´¦§¬¦¨¬ȁ ¯®´¦¨² ¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦² ¯´¦!¯´¦***¦§²¦

² ¯´²¦¡ ¦¥¨ ´¦¯ ²¦²´¥ ´"¦&¯¦ ²¦³¨²¯¦¨¢¯´¬¦§¦ȁ¨¨¦ ´§¦¯¨¦ ¬ ®´¦§¦£͒7¦!§2´´¦§²¦§¦ ȁ®¥´"¦

²¨¡ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦ ¬¦¥´§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦²¨³´¦§¥ȁ´¥¦³¨¥´¦¥´ ¨ȁ¬ 0§2´¦ȁ´¨ȁ¥§ ¦§¥´§¦1¨³´¨¬´¦´²´¦

²¨®¦2´¦§2´¦¯¨¦ȁ¨¦¯¨¦¯´¦´§ ¯¦¨ §¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦ ¢¦¯´(¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦¥´´§¯¦¨¥¦ ´ ¦(¨®¥¦¡¨¥¦¨¥¦

§³2 ȁ®¨®²¦ȁ´¬´¥ ¦¬§³´¦¨¥¦¬®³2´¥¦!´ȁ¦®²´¦84@D¦.§)8¦¥§¯´¥¦¯§¬¦8¯´²¯¦28"¦*´¬¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦

²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦¯¨¦´¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦2(¦

´´¥ ³´¬¯§¦´² ȁ¬¦¡¨¥²´´¯ ²¦§§ §2´¦¯¨¦´¦§¬¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦ ¬¦

²¯®(¦$¦¯´¦³§²²´²¦¨®³´²¦ ¬ ®2§¯ ¨¬¦¯ ³´²¦ ¨¬ ´¬¯¥§¯ ¨¬²¦´¯ ¦¯§¯¦§¬¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯¦¬´´²¦ ¬¦

¨¥´¥¦¯¨¦® §¯´¦(¨®¥¦´´¥ ³´¬¯¦*´¬¦®² ¬ȁ¦²¯§¬§¥¦§2¦¨¥¦¢ ´¦³´¯¨²¦§¬¦ ¬²¯¥®³´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦

¯¦ ²¦¬¨¯¦§¡§(²¦¬´ ´²²§¥(¦¯¨¦´§ ¬¦¯´¦¥¨ ´®¥´²¦!´ȁ¦²´¥ §¦ ®¯ ¨¬"¦¨¥¦´9® ³´¬¯¦®²´¦!´ȁ¦

§®¯¨ ´¯¯´¥"¦² ¬ ´¦¨¯´¥¦² ´¬¯ ²¯²¦¡ ¦ ´(¦2´¦¢§³ §¥¦¡ ¯¦¯´³¦§¥´§(¦

3¨®¦³§(¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦ ´¬¯ ¢(¦

´¥¯§ ¬¦¯(´²¦¨¢¦´9® ³´¬¯¦2(¦´¬¨¥¦¬§³´¦§¬¦2¥§¬¦¨¥¦ §¯´ȁ¨¥(¦!´ȁ¦®¯¥§ ´¬¯¥ ¢®ȁ´¦²¦¥´¦

´¬¯¥ ¢®ȁ´"¦§¥¯ ®§¥(¦ ¢¦¯´(¦§¥´¦¬¨¯¦ ¨³³¨¬(¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦³¨²¯¦§2²¦&¯¦ ²¦§¥¨¥ §¯´¦¯¨¦¥´¨¥¯¦

§¥´¬¯´¯ §(¦¯´¦²¨®¥ ´¦!´¬¨¥"¦§¬¦ §¯§¨ȁ¦¬®³2´¥¦¢¨¥¦¥´§ȁ´¬¯²¦®²´¦´ȁ¦

8¨($($(² ¬´¦

!1 ȁ³§¦E258¦*´¬¦®² ¬ȁ¦§¦³´¯¨¦´² ¥ 2´¦ ¬¦§¬¨¯´¥¦®2 ²´¦²¨®¥ ´¦(¨®¦ §¬¦²§´¦¯ ³´¦§¬¦

¡¨¥²¦2(¦¥¨ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¥´´§¬¯¦ ¯§¯ ¨¬¦¯¨¦¯´¦²¨®¥ ´¦¡§(²¦³§´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦´² ¥ 2´¦§¬(¦

³¨ ¢ §¯ ¨¬²¦(¨®¦§´¦³§´¦¨¢¦§¦²¯§¬§¥¦¨¥¦®2 ²´¦³´¯¨¦

²®³³§¥ ´²¦§¬¦§¬§(²´²¦¡´¥´¦´³¨(´¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦´§ ¦¨¢¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¨¥¦(¨¯´²´²¦¯´²¯´¦

o ¯ ²¦´¯²¦(¨®¦§¨ ¦§ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¥´´§¯´(¦ ¬ §¯´¦(¨®¦§¥´¦®² ¬ȁ¦³´§¬¦F¦1'¦¦

· , ͒ (, (´͒¨Ȁ ¯, ,¦®²´¦¡ ¯¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦¯¨¦¯´¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯´(¦§¥´²²¦´ȁ¦¦

8¦7§ ¥´¦¯$¯´²¯¦¡§²¦®²´¦¯¨¦ ¨³§¥´¦³´§¬¦¢ ȁ¯¦®¥§¯ ¨¬¦2´¢¨¥´¦¦§¬¦¦

§¢¯´¥¦§( ¬ȁ¦²¯§2 0´¥²¦¯¨¦¯´¦ȁ ´¥>²¦¡ ¬ȁ²8

· §¬(¦¨¯´¥¦¢£¯¡(´͒¨¦¨¥¦Ǿ¡͒7³(´͒¨¦ ¯´³(ͷ¢¯,¦®²´¦¯¨¦§¬§(0´¦¯´¦§¯§¦¦

6¦¯ ²¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦´¥(¦´¬ȁ¯(¦

¡¨¥(¦§²²§ȁ´²¦¦¥´§¯´¦²´9®´¬ ´¦¨¢¦§ ¯ ¨¬²¦ §¬¦2´¦ ¨³2 ¬´¦ ¬¯¨¦¨¬´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦¯¨¦

³¥¨´¦ §¥ ¯(¦§¬¦¥´§§2 ¯(%¦¦

&¯¦ ²¦ §¥§ ¯´¥ 0´¦2(¦² ¬ȁ´¦§ ¯ ¨¬²¦´¥¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦§¬¦¨¯²¦¨¢¦®¬¬´ ´²²§¥(¦´¯§ ²¦

°012*&¦

¨¬ ²´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦.¨¯´¦¯§¯¦²®´¥¢®¨®²¦´¯§ ¦§¬¦¨¯´¥¡ ²´¦¨2 ¨®²¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§²¦2´´¬¦

&3 3* ./°012*&¦ -¯, 3Ȁ

,´¥´¦¯´¦§®¯¨¥¦§²²®³´²¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦§²¦2§² ¦¬¨¡´ȁ´¦¨¢¦³ ¥¨2 ¨¨ȁ §¦¯´ ¬ 9®´²¦§¬¦§²¦

&3 3*

°012*&¦

¨¥¦1 ¯´¦2¦

§¬¦1 ¯´¦4¦§¥´¦ ¨³´¯´(¦³´§¬ ¬ȁ´²²¦¨®¯¦¨¢¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦§¬¦ ¢¢ ®¯¦¯¨¦¢¨¨¡¦ ¬¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¦

¯®2´²¦¥´¥´²´¬¯¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦§ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦ ¨¬²¯§¬¯(¦¥´¢´¥¦2§ ¦¯¨¦²¨³´¦¥´ ¨®²¦¨ ¬¯¦ ¬¦¯´¦

84

1-5--+

6"1". -%1*708

295--+-

¯´¦§²²§ȁ´¦2¨¯¦ ¬¦¯´¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦§¬¦ ¢¦¯§´¬¦¨®¯¦¨¢¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦

&4

1-5--::

6;--"/;-".;-3<1<

-%1*708 5--+-

(¨®¥¦¢ ȁ®¥´²¦§¬¦¯§2´²¦§²¦(¨®¦¥¨ ´´¦1®³³§¥ ´²¦¨¢¦¯´¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦§¬§(²´²¦³§(¦§´§¥¦´ ¯´¥¦ ¬¦

²¨®¦2´¦ ¥§¢¯´¦¯¨¦¢¨¨¡¦¯ ²¦²´9®´¬ ´¦§¬¦ ȁ ȁ¯¦¯´¦´ ´¬ ´¦¬´´´¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯´¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬²?(¨¯´²´²¦(¨®¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦&³¨¥¯§¬¯¦¬´ȁ§¯ ´¦¥´²®¯²¦²¨®¦2´¦¥´¨¥¯´¦¯¨¨¦®¯¨¥²¦

¨³ ¬§¯´¦´¥´¦2®¯¦®²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦§²¦³® ¦§²¦¨²² 2´¦/²´¦¯´¦7͒, Ȁ ¯,¯¦¨ ¦¥´´¯ ¯ ´¦

ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦´¥ ´¬¯§ȁ´²¦! ȁ¦4"¦1´´²¦´¨²´¦¯¨¦¯´¦4$§(¦¯¥´§¯³´¬¯¦§¦¯´¦ ȁ´²¯¦

®³®§¯ ´¦ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦!H;D"¦24@¦¯ ³´²¦¯§¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦24$¦¨¥¦@$

¨¬¯¥¨²I¦

· &¬¦ ¨¬¯¥§²¯¦¯ ²¦´§³´¦²¯¥§(²¦²®2¯(¦ ¬¯¨¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦2(¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦¨¯ ³§ ¯(¦!§¦

¨¬ ´¯®§¦³¨´"¦§¬¦¯( ¬ȁ¦¯´¦¨2²´¥´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦¯§¯¦ ´§%¦¦

¨¬ȁ´¥¦!@¦"¦¨¥¦²¨¥¯´¥¦!24¦"¦´¨²®¥´²¦¥¨® ¬ȁ¦²³§´¥¦ȁ§ ¬²¦ ¬¦ȁ´¥³ ¬§¯ ¨¬¦¡´¬¦

¨³§¥´¦¯¨¦¯´¦ ¨¬¯¥¨¦ȁ¥¨®I 5¦

1¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦¢¨¥¦*¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦1´ ¯ ¨¬¦

¥´9®´¬¯(¦§²´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦!=²"¦

)³͒ Ȁ͒¡¯Ȁ ³¯Ȁ<¡¯,¢¨ ,<ͽ¦*´¬¦(¨®¦¨²´¦§¦¯´²¯§2´¦(¨¯´² ²¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦§¬²¡´¥´¦´´¥ ³´¬¯§(¦

¨¥¦§²¦§¦9®´²¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦§¬²¡´¥´¦2(¦ ¨´ ¯ ¬ȁ¦²§³´²¦(¨®¦§ ®³®§¯´¦¨2²´¥§¯ ¨¬²¦§2¨®¯¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬¦&¬¦ȁ´¬´¥§¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥¦ ²¦¯´¦8´(¦¥´²®¯8¦

¨¢¦³´§¬²¦§¬¦²¯§¬§¥¦´ §¯ ¨¬²6¦ ¬¦§¦§¯´¥¦ ¨®¥²´¦(¨®¦³§(¦2´¦´´ ¯´¦¯¨¦§(¦§¬¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦§¦

§¥ ´¯(¦¨¢¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦3¨®¦ ¬²¯¥® ¯¨¥¦¡ ¦¯´¦(¨®¦¯´¦´´¦¨¢¦§¬§(² ²¦¯§¯¦ ²¦´´ ¯´¦

= +8¦3¨®¦¡¨®¦¢ ¥²¯¦ ¨´ ¯¦´ ȁ¯¦§¯§¦

¢¥¨³¦§¥ȁ´¦¥§¬¨³¦²§³´²¦¨¢¦³§´¦§¬¦¢´³§´¦²¯®´¬¯²¦3¨®¦¡¨®¦¯´¬¦ § ®§¯´¦¯´¦´² ¥ ¯ ´¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ ²¦¢¨¥¦¯¨²´¦²§³´²¦!³´§¬¦1'¦¬¦¥§¬ȁ´¦´¯ "¦§¬¦¨¯¦¯´²´¦¬®³2´¥²¦&¬¦§¦ ¨®¥²´¦¡´¥´¦

²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦§¥´¦¬¨¯¦´³¨(´¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦ ²®§(¦ ¬²´ ¯¦¯´²´¦¨¯²¦1®¨²´¦(¨®¦¢¨®¬¦¯§¯¦

³§´¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦§¥´¦¨¬¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´¦³§¨¥²6¦¯ ²¦ ²¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥¦¯¨¦¯´¦

9®´²¯ ¨¬¦

· .¨¯ ´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¨®¯ ¨³´¦¨¢¦§¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦§¬§(² ²¦ ²¦¬¨¯¦§¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦2®¯¦¥§¯´¥¦§¬¦§¬§(¯ §¦

¯´¦¨¬´¦¨¥¦¯¡¨¦´(¦¥´²®¯²¦(¨®¦¡§¬¯¦¯¨¦§¥´²²¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦¨¥¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦1 ³´¦¥®´²¦¯¨¦

o 1 ³ §¥(¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦ ȁ®¥´¦ ²¦ ȁ®¥´¦2¦¯´¦¬´¯¦ ȁ®¥´¦4¦´¯ ¦¦

· *´¬¦¥´¢´¥¥ ¬ȁ¦¯¨¦§¦ ȁ®¥´¦:¦8 ȁ®¥´8¦ ²¦§22¥´ §¯´¦§²¦ ȁ¦¢¨¥¦´§³´¦¦

²¯¥´²² ¬ȁ¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯²¦¡ ¦¥¨ ´¦¯´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦¯¨¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦¦³§¨¥¦¢®¬ ¯ ¨¬¦

¬ ®§(¦§¬¦ ¬¦²´9®´¬ ´¦!²´´¦

¬®³2´¥ ¬ȁ¦²´9®´¬ ´"¦§¬¦ ´§¥(¦ ¬ §¯´¦¢¨¥¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¯´¦´(¦

¥´²®¯²¦¯§¯¦´§ ¦ ¨¬´(²¦J´(¦¥´²®¯²¦´´¬¦¨¬¦(¨®¥¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯´(¦³ ȁ¯¦ ¬ ®´¦¨2 ¨®²¦¯¥´¬²¦

¡§²¯´¦¨¢¦²§ ´¦§¬¦´¬´¥ȁ(¦'´ ´¦¡ ¦¢¨¥³§¯¦2´²¯¦²¨¡²¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦§¬¦ȁ¨¦¡ ¯¦ ¯¦¦

¯´¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬¦¯§¯¦²®¨¥¯²¦(¨®¥¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ¦! ¢¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯²¦§¥´¦2´ ¬ȁ¦®²´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦ ¨®¥²´"¦

¡§²¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯(¦§¥ȁ´¥¦¯§¬¦¯§¯¦¨¢¦¢´³§´¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦(¨®¦³ ȁ¯¦¥´¨¥¯¦¯ ²¦¥´²®¯¦! ¬¦2®´"¦§¬¦

8#§´²¦!2H<@¦F¦@2¦ ³6¦¬K5;"¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´²¦!2LH¦F¦ML¦ ³6¦¬K5;"¦ ¬¦

¯´¦3¦2AA@¦¨¨¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦

&¢¦¯´¦²®³³§¥(¦²¯§¯ ²¯ ²¦§¥´¦²¨¡¬¦ ¬¦§¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦§2¨´¦¬´´¦¬¨¯¦¥´¨¥¯¦¯´³¦²´ ¢ §(¦

2®¯¦³®²¯¦ ¬ ®´¦§¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´¦¯¨¦¯´¦¢ ȁ®¥´¦¡´¥´¦¯´(¦³§(¦2´¦²´´¬%¦

8#§´²¦§´¥§ȁ´¦24@¦ ³¦¯§´¥¦¯§¬¦¢´³§´²¦ ¬¦¯´¦3¦2AA@¦¨¨¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦³§¨¥²¦!¯¡¨$

¦ ȁ¦2"8¦

.¨¯´¦¯§¯¦¯´¦¥´¨¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦´(¦¥´²®¯¦!²¨¡¬¦ ¬¦2®´"¦¡¨®¦2´¦ ´¬¯ §¦ ¬¦§¦§´¥¦¡¥ ¯¯´¬¦¢¨¥¦§¦

o &¬¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦²¯® ´²¦¯´¦®²´¦¨¢¦¯ ²¦¡¨¥¦ ³ ´²¦¯§¯¦§¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦¯´²¯¦¡§²¦´³¨(´¦¯¨¦

³§´¦§¦´ ² ¨¬¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦§¯§6¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦ §²´¦¯´¦¯´²¯¦ ¬ §¯´¦§¦§¥ȁ´¥¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´¦ ¬¦

³´§¬¦´ ȁ¯²¦¯§¬¦(¨®¦¡¨®¦´´ ¯¦¯¨¦ȁ´¯¦2(¦ §¬ ´¦§¨¬´¦( ³ ¯¦¯´¦®²

8² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯8¦¯¨¦¯ ²¦®¥¨²´¦¨¬(¦¦

o &¢¦(¨®¥¦§¥´¬¯´¯ §¦²¯§¯ ²¯ §¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦ ¬ ®´²¦§¦$§®´¦¯§¯¦ ²¦² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯¦ ¯¦ ²¦

´²²§¥(¦!§¬¦¥´®¬§¬¯"¦¯¨¦®²´¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦8² ȁ¬ ¢ §¬¯8¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´¦

(¨®¥¦(¨¯´² ²¦¡§²¦ ¬ ¨¥¥´ ¯¦§¬¦¬´´²¦¯¨¦2´¦¥´¢¨¥³®§¯´¦¨¥¦´¥§²¦(¨®¦§´¦²¯®³2´¦¨¬¯¨¦

²¨³´¯ ¬ȁ¦®¬´´ ¯´¦¯§¯¦¡§¥¥§¬¯²¦¢®¥¯´¥¦²¯®(¦#¨¥´¨´¥¦¯´¦§2²´¬ ´¦¨¢¦§¬¦´¢¢´ ¯¦³§(¦2´¦´¥(¦

¯´ ¬ȁ¦ ¬¦³§¬(¦² ¯®§¯ ¨¬²¦&¬¦§¬(¦ §²´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦³§(¦2´¦¨¢¦ ³¨¥¯§¬ ´¦¯¨¦¨¯´¥²¦´´¬¦¯¨®ȁ¦¯´(¦

´´ ¯´¦§¥´¦¬´ ´²²§¥ (¦82§¦§¯§8¦&¢¦(¨®¦ §¥¥ ´¦¨®¯¦¯´¦¡¨¥¦¡´¦¯´(¦§¥´¦² ³(¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦

§¬¦¬´´¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦#§¬(¦ ³¨¥¯§¬¯¦ ² ¨´¥ ´²¦ §¬¦2´¦¯¥§ ´¦¯¨¦82§¦§¯§8¦

¡§²¦2;<¦³ ¬8¦¦

· *´¬¦ ¬ ® ¬ȁ¦§¦³´§²®¥´¦¨¢¦§¥ §2 ¯(¦§ ´¦¯´¦®¬ ¯¦¦¯´¦´¥¥¨¥¦§®´¦´ȁ¦8¡§²¦2<¦F¦

45¦³

8¦¦

´§³´%¦8

´¬ȁ¯²¦¨¢¦@¦2<¦2@¦§¬¦4<¦³8¦¨¥¦8¬¨¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¡´¥´¦¨2²´¥´¦§¢¯´¥¦4¦;¦L¦¨¥¦H¦

³ ¬¦¨¢¦ ¬ ®2§¯ ¨¬

8¦¦

5!ȝ¦&ȝȝ!.2Ȁ

O¦²¯¥§¯´ȁ(¦O¦=²¦O¦²¯(´¦O¦§¥¨§ ¦O¦®²´¦¨¢¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦O¦¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦ ² ®²² ¨¬¦O¦

¬¨¡¬¦§2¨®¯¦¯´¦²®2´ ¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯ ¨¬¦§¬¦¯¨¦´§ ¬¦¨®¥¦¬´¡¦®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦

&¬¯¥¨® ¯ ¨¬¦2(¦

¡§(¦¨¢¦¯´¦9®´²¯ ¨¬!²"¦¨¥¦(¨¯´²´²¦(¨®¦¨²´¦§¬¦¯´¦ ¯´¥§¯®¥´¦(¨®¦ ¯´¦2®¯¦ ¯¦¨´²¦¬¨¯¦² ³(¦

®¬§³´¬¯§¦9®´²¯ ¨¬²¦¯¨¦§¬²¡´¥¦´¥´¦ ¬ ®´%¦

· '¨¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²¦¥¨ ´¦§¬²¡´¥²¦¯¨¦(¨®¥¦¯´²¯§2´¦(¨¯´²´²+¦&¢¦²¨¦¨¡¦¨¦(¨®¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦(¨®¥¦

· B ´¬¦(¨®¥¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬²¦¡§¯¦ ²¦¨®¥¦¬´¡¦®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦(¨®¦ ¬´²¯ ȁ§¯´¦§¬¦

· &¢¦¡§¥¥§¬¯´¦¡§¯¦¡¨®¦2´¦¯´¦¬´¯¦²¯´¦ ¬¦(¨®¥¦²¯®(¦´ȁ¦¡§¯¦´´¥ ³´¬¯²¦¡¨®¦(¨®¦¨¦

?%Ȁȝ ®¨¯%¦/²´¦¯´¦§ ¯ ´¦¨ ´¦¡´¬´´¥¦¨²² 2´¦ ¬¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦*§¯ ¦¨®¯¦¢¨¥¦¡¨¥(¦¥§²´²6¦2´¦

¨¬ ²´¦§¬¦³§´¦(¨®¥¦¨ ¬¯²¦ ´§¥(¦/²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦ ²¦¨§(¦2®¯¦¯¨¨¦³® ¦®²´¦¨¢¦¯´¦¢ ¥²¯¦

¥´²´¬¯´¦¥´²®¯²6¦ ² ®²²¦´§ ¦ ¬¦¯´¦²§³´¦²´9®´¬ ´¦§²¦¥´²´¬¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦ ´²®¯²¦¥¨ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦

¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¡§¯¦¯´(¦³´§¬¦ ¬¦¯´¦§¥ȁ´¥¦ ¨¬¯´¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦'¨¦¬¨¯¦¡§²¯´¦´¬¯ ¥´¦

²´¬¯´¬ ´²¦¥´²¯§¯ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¥¦¥´²®¯²6¦ ¢¦(¨®¦¬´´¦¯¨¦¥´³ ¬¦¯´¦¥´§´¥¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦2´¦ ² ®²²´¦®²´¦

82¥ ȁ´¦²´¬¯´¬ ´²8¦¯§¯¦¥´§¯´¦¯´¦¥´²®¯¦¯¨¦¯´¦ ¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬%¦

¯§¯P

¬¯´¥¥´¯§¯ ¨¬Q8¦

3¨®¦¡ ¦¬´ ´²²§¥ (¦³§´¦

²®2´§ ¬ȁ²¦ ¢¦¬´´¦2´¦¯¨¦´¦¨¥ȁ§¬ 0´¦(¨®¥¦¥´²´¬¯§¯ ¨¬¦:´¦¡§¥(¦¨¢¦

¥´²´¬¯´¦´¥´¦¯§¯¦¥ ȁ¯(¦2´¨¬ȁ¦ ¬¦¯´¦¥´²®¯²¦

2´¦§2´¦¯¨¦¥´ ¬¯´¥¥´¯¦¨¯´¥²>¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦ ¬¦ ȁ¯¦¨¢¦(¨®¥²¦&¬¦´ ¯´¥¦ §²´¦(¨®¦²¨®¦ ² ®²²¦¥´§²¨¬²¦

¢¨¥¦² ³ §¥ ¯ ´²¦§¬¦ ¢¢´¥´¬ ´²¦2´¯¡´´¬¦(¨®¥²¦§¬¦¨¯´¥²>¦¢ ¬ ¬ȁ²¦)¨¬² ´¥¦¨¡¦¯´¦¥´²®¯²¦¨¢¦

¨¯´¥¦²¯® ´²¦³§(¦2´¦ ¨³2 ¬´¦¡ ¯¦(¨®¥²¦¯¨¦´¥ ´¦§¦¬´¡¦¨¥¦´¥§²¦2´¯¯´¥¦²®2²¯§¬¯ §¯´¦

®¬´¥²¯§¬ ¬ȁ¦¨¢¦¯´¦¥¨2´³¦:´¦²®¥´¦¯¨¦²¯§¯´¦¯´¦ ¨¬ ®² ¨¬²¦¯§¯¦ §¬¦2´¦¥§¡¬¦¢¥¨³¦(¨®¥¦

¥´²®¯²¦ ¬¦ ȁ¯¦¨¢¦¯´²´¦ ¨¬² ´¥§¯ ¨¬²¦3¨®¦³§(¦§²¨¦ ¨¨²´¦¯¨¦2¥ ´¢(¦³´¬¯ ¨¬¦¢®¥¯´¥¦²¯® ´²¦

²´ ¯ ¨¬¦¯§2´²¦§¬¦¢ ȁ®¥´²¦¡ ¦´¦´§ ¬¦²¨³´¯ ¬ȁ¦(¨®¦§¥´¦ ² ®²² ¬ȁ¦¯´(¦³®²¯¦¬¨¯¦

§¯§¦´§²¦¯¨¦¨¥¦ ¨¥¥´§¯´²¦¡ ¯¦§¬¨¯´¥¦´¯ ¦¨¥¦´§³´¦ ¢¦(¨®¦¡´¥´¦²¯®( ¬ȁ¦§¦³´³2¥§¬´$

2¨®¬¦¯¥§¬²¨¥¯¦ §¬¬´¦§¬¦(¨®¦ ² ¨´¥´¦§¦¬´¡¦2 ¯¦¨¢¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦§2¨®¯¦ ¯²¦³´ §¬ ²³¦(¨®¦

¡¨¥¦¨¥¦¥´ ´ ´¦³§¯´¥ §²¦¢¥¨³¦²¨³´¨¬´¦¡¨¦ ¦(¨®¦§¦¢§¨¥¦2(¦²®( ¬ȁ¦¯´³¦(¨®¦³®²¯¦

¥´²´§¥ ¦¯¨®ȁ¦®²®§¦²¯(´¦¥´9® ¥´³´¬¯²¦!´ȁ¦2²¯¦´¥²¨¬¦¨2´ ¯ ¯("¦§¥´¦¥´§´¦²¨³´¡§¯¦

´¥´¦ ¬¨¡´ȁ³´¬¯²¦§¥´¦§¡§(²¦2¥ ´¢¦§¬¦¬´´¥¦¢¨¡´¥(¦

¯´¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦§ ¯®§(¦ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦

®2 §¯ ¨¬¦³§(¦2´¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦

2.§ȩ%¦

0 ¦§2´¦¯ ²¦²´ ¯ ¨¬¦8: 2 ¨ȁ¥§(8¦¦2 2 ¨ȁ¥§(¦ ¨¬¯§ ¬²¦¥´¢´¥´¬ ´²¦¯§¯¦(¨®¦³§(¦§´¦

¥´§¦2®¯¦§´¦¬¨¯¦²´ ¢ §(¦ ¯´¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦: 2 ¨ȁ¥§(¦²´ ¯ ¨¬²¦§¥´¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦2¨¨²¦§¬¦¨¯´¥¦

¯´¥§¥(¦¡¥ ¯ ¬ȁ¦2®¯¦¬¨¯¦² ´¬¯ ¢ ¦¨®¥¬§$²¯(´¦§´¥²¦

4¦ 5¦

¥44ȩ25!¦ȩȝȀ

³§(¦¥´²´¬¯¦ ¬¢¨¥³§¯ ¨¬¦¯§¯¦¢®¥¯´¥¦ §¥ ¢ ´²¦§¦¨ ¬¯¦¡ ¯¨®¯¦2®¥´¬ ¬ȁ¦¯´¦2¨(¦¨¢¦¯´¦

¦§¥¯¦¨¢¦¯´¦§´¥¦§¬¦ ²¦¨¬(¦¥§¥´(¦¢¨®¬¦ ¬¦®2 ²´¦

1¯͒±(Ǿ,%¦-§ ¦´¬ ¦²¨®¦2´¦ ´¬¯ ¢ ´¦2(¦§¦ ¨³§¬¦¬®³´¥§¦ ¬¦²´9®´¬ ´¦´ȁ¦´¬ ¦&¦

· ´§¬§¯ ¨¬¦¨¢¦¢¨¥³®§²¦´ ¯´¥¦§¥´§(¦¬¨¡¬¦¨¬´²¦¨¥¦´²´ §(¦ ¢¦(¨®¦§´¦8 ¬´¬¯´8¦²¨³´¦

· ²´ § 0´¦ ¨³®¯´¥¦¥¨ȁ¥§³²¦¢¨¥¦§¦§¥¯ ®§¥¦¥¨ ´®¥´¦¦

§22¥´ §¯´¦¢§² ¨¬¦¨¥¦2(¦²¨³´¦ ¨³³¨¬¦¬§³´¦ ¬¦¯´¦¯´¯¦¨¢¦(¨®¥¦§´¥¦¦

· §ȁ¥§³²¦¨¢¦²´ § 0´¦§§¥§¯ ¦¦ ȁ(Ǿ¢¡¯,Ȁ͒±Ȁ§͒ ¨¯,Ȁ(Ȁ¥77¯±(´¯,¦

¬®³2´¥ ¬ȁ¦³®²¯¦ ¬ §¯´¦¯´¦§´¬ ¦¬®³2´¥¦§²¦¡´¦!²´´¦

#¨ ¢ ´¦5$H$22¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦'´§¥¯³´¬¯¦¨¢¦: ¨¨ȁ(¦:§¯´²¦)¨´ȁ´¦¦(´¡ ²¯¨¬¦#-¦<;4;<¦¦

=<ȁG

Example 2: Courtesy of Shelley Ball.

Example 3: Courtesy of Greg Anderson

67891011-12

0 5 10 15 20 A 394
464

Age Class (yr)

Growth Increment (cm/yr)

Figure 5. Mean (+SEM) annual stem growth of white pine seedlings over growing seasons 2006-2008 following a selective harvest in 2006 in (A) a selectively harvested area, and, (B) a non-harvested area. The data are based on direct internode length measurements. The dashed line indicates the previous, long-term annual growth increment of seedlings prior to the release based on analysis of a representative sample of 308 seedlings in 2007. Numbers over bars indicate sample size.

678910-110

5 10 15 20 B 45344

Age Class (yr)

Growth Increment (cm/yr)

" ± 2± ¯2 B

02®³®¦± ¯2²

,ͽͽC" ,ͽBͷ" #, 1,$ #, $(2 &,33,7"14/ $ͷ;͹"Ȁ,$ͷF,$@ȁ

͹;C"Ȁ,,DͷF,,$͹ȁ

2®¸¬®´² ;,ͽBͽ" 3·

;2®¸¬®´² ,ͽBͽ"

ȁ¯ȁ ,DD$FCͷȁ

3· O 1 |

·--ǿ 9ͽ¨¦ȁ "3ȁ%

2 | 3 | 4 |

Papers.....JusttheFAQs

[TableofContents]

GENERALFAQs

HowdoIwritenumbersinthetext?

WhatifIstartasentencewithanumber?

TopofPage

quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25