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List of MS-DOS commands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the personal computer operating systems MS-DOS and PC DOS, a number of standard system commands were

provided for common tasks such as listing files on a disk or moving files. Some commands were built into the

command interpreter, others existed as external commands on disk. Over the several generations of DOS, commands

were added for the additional functions of the operating system. In the current Microsoft Windows operating system a

text-mode command prompt window can still be used.

Contents

ACALC · APPEND · ASSIGN · ATTRIB · BACKUP · BASIC, BASICA and GW-BASIC · BREAK · CALL ·

CHCP · CHDIR or CD · CHKDSK · CHOICE · CLS · COMMAND · COMP · COPY · CTTY · DATE ·

DEBUG · DEFRAG · DEL or ERASE · DELTREE · DIR · DISKCOMP · DISKCOPY · DOSKEY · DRVLOCK ·

DYNALOAD · E · ECHO · EDIT · EDLIN · EJECT · EMM386 · EXE2BIN · EXIT · FASTOPEN · FC · FDISK ·

FIND · FOR · FORMAT · GOTO · GRAFTABL · GRAPHICS · HELP · IF · INTERLNK · INTERSVR · JOIN ·

KEYB · LABEL · LOADFIX · LOADHIGH or LH · MEM · MIRROR · MKDIR or MD · MODE · MORE ·

MOVE · MSCDEX · MSD · NLSFUNC · PATH · PAUSE · POWER · PRINT · PROMPT · QBASIC ·

QCONFIG · RECOVER · REM · RENAME or REN · REPLACE · RESTORE · REXX · REXXDUMP ·

RMDIR or RD · SCANDISK · SET · SETVER · SHARE · SHIFT · SMARTDRV · SORT · SUBST · SYS ·

TIME · TREE · TRUENAME · TYPE · UNDELETE · UNFORMAT · VER · VERIFY · VOL · XCOPY ·

See also · External links

Command processing

The command interpreter for DOS runs when no application programs are running. When an application exits, if the

transient portion of the command interpreter in memory was overwritten, DOS will reload it from disk. Some

commands are internal and built into COMMAND.COM, others are external commands stored on disk. When the

user types a line of text at the operating system command prompt, COMMAND.COM will parse the line and attempt

to match a command name to a built-in command or to the name of an executable program file or batch file on disk.

If no match is found, an error message is printed and the command prompt is refreshed.

External commands were too large to keep in the command processor or were less frequently used. Such utility

programs would be stored on disk and loaded just like regular application programs but were distributed with the

operating system. Copies of these utility command programs had to be on an accessible disk, either on the current

drive or on the command path set in the command interpreter.

In the list below, commands that can accept more than one filename, or a filename including wildcards (* and ?), are

said to accept a filespec parameter. Commands that can accept only a single filename are said to accept a filename

parameter. Additionally, command line switches, or other parameter strings, can be supplied on the command line.

Spaces and symbols such as a "/" or a "-" may be used to allow the command processor to parse the command line

into file names, file specifications, and other options.

The command interpreter preserves the case of whatever parameters are passed to commands but the command names

themselves and filenames are case-insensitive.

While many commands are the same across many DOS systems (MS-DOS, PC DOS, DR-DOS, FreeDOS, etc.) some

differ in command syntax or name.

List of DOS Commands

Page 1 sur 28List of MS-DOS commands -Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ACALC

External - PC DOS 7

Calculates the value of a mathematical expression.

ACALC [/T[:]format] expression

/T Specifies the output format type format D=Decimal (default) B=Binary O=Octal X=heXadecimal

A=All (decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal)

expression Specifies a valid numeric expression. Numbers prefixed with 'b', 'o', and 'x' are assumed to be binary, octal, and hexadecimal respectively. Decimal numbers are not prefixed.

APPEND

External - DOS 3.3 and above

Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in the current directory.

APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E]

APPEND ;

[drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting your system. Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list. Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list.

ASSIGN

External - DOS 2.0 and above

Further information: Drive letter assignment

Redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive.

ASSIGN [x[:]=y[:][...]]

ASSIGN /STATUS

x Specifies the drive letter to reassign. y Specifies the drive that x: will be assigned to. /STATUS Displays current drive assignments. Type ASSIGN without parameters to reset all drive letters to original assignments.

ATTRIB

External - DOS 3.0 and above

Displays or changes file attributes.

Page 2 sur 28List of MS-DOS commands -Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S] + Sets an attribute. - Clears an attribute.

R Read-only file attribute.

A Archive file attribute.

S System file attribute.

H Hidden file attribute.

/S Processes files in all directories in the specified path. +S, -S, +H, and -H are available in DOS 5.0 and above.

BACKUP

External - DOS 2.0 and above

Backs up one or more files from one disk to another. BACKUP source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F[:size]] [/D:date[/T:time]] [/L[:[drive:][path]logfile]] source Specifies the file(s), drive, or directory to back up. destination-drive: Specifies the drive to save backup copies onto. /S Backs up contents of subdirectories. /M Backs up only files that have changed since the last backup. /A Adds backup files to an existing backup disk. /F:[size] Specifies the size of the disk to be formatted. /D:date Backs up only files changed on or after the specified date. /T:time Backs up only files changed at or after the specified time. /L[:[drive:][path]logfile]

Creates a log file and entry to record the backup

operation.

BASIC, BASICA and GW-BASIC

External - DOS 1.0 to DOS 4.0

An implementation of the BASIC programming language for PCs. IBM computers had Cassette BASIC in ROM; BASIC (Disk BASIC) and BASICA (Advanced BASIC) were extensions to the ROM-based Cassette BASIC. Microsoft released GW-BASIC for IBM compatible PCs which did not have ROM BASIC. GW-BASIC was a complete BASIC interpreter which was compatible with BASICA. Some OEM releases had BASIC.COM and BASICA.COM as loaders for GW-BASIC.EXE. MS-DOS 5.0 and higher included QBasic instead of GW-

BASIC.

BREAK

Internal - DOS 2.0 and above

Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking.

BREAK [ON | OFF]

Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting. CALL

Internal - DOS 3.3 and above

Page 3 sur 28List of MS-DOS commands -Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calls one batch program from another.

CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters]

batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the batch program. CHCP

Internal - DOS 3.3 and above

Displays or sets the active code page number.

CHCP [nnn]

nnn Specifies a code page number. Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number.

CHDIR or CD

Internal - DOS 2.0 and above

Displays the name of or changes the current directory.

CHDIR [drive:][path]

CHDIR[..]

CD [drive:][path]

CD[..]

.. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory.

CHKDSK

External - DOS 1.0 and above

Checks a disk and displays a status report.

CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V]

[drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check. filename Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk. CHKDSK originated as an external command in 86-DOS.

CHOICE

External - DOS 6.0 and above

Waits for you to choose one of a set of choices.

CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text] Page 4 sur 28List of MS-DOS commands -Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN. /N Does not display choices and ? at end of prompt string. /S Treats choice keys as case sensitive. /T[:]c,nn Defaults choice to c after seconds. text Prompts string to display. ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key you press in choices. CLS

Internal - DOS 2.0 and above

Clears the screen.

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