[PDF] [PDF] Esters - Glow Blogs

[PDF] BUTYL ACETATES - WHO World Health Organization

11 nov 2003 · All rights reserved Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, tion that would change the conclusions drawn in a CICAD, the reader is acid and their respective alcohols (n-butanol, isobutanol, hydrolysis half-lives of n-butyl acetate were 4 and 12 min, while 

[PDF] Esters - Glow Blogs

How to name and draw esters using names, shortened and extended formula 2 Esters are formed by the condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an Formation of methyl ethanoate propanoic acid ethanol ethyl propanoate butyl pentanoate ethanol propanoic acid ethyl propanoate Hydrolysis of Esters

[PDF] Worksheet 1

Esters are produced by the reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids For example, reacting ethanol with acetic acid to give ethyl acetate is shown below Octanol, methanol, propanol and n-butanol contain what functional group of all

[PDF] CODE FE4F 12 COURSE Chemistry - SQA

carboxylic acid salts and esters containing no more than eight carbon atoms in their longest chain IUPAC naming rules of scientific evidence These skills include drawing valid conclusions methyl-1-butyl ethanoate=banana, methyl butanoate=apple, alcohol can be obtained by hydrolysis of an ester In a hydrolysis 

[PDF] Esters

O CH 3 What is the alcohol that this ester was made from? What is the carboxylic acid that this ester was made from? methanol ethanoic acid methyl ethanoate

[PDF] Exam Style Questions - Calderglen High School

C butanol and methanoic acid D propanol and propanoic acid 5 Hydrolysis of an ester gave an alcohol and a carboxylic acid both of which had the same Draw a structural formula for any one of the amino acids formed when this section of

[PDF] ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS - Caltech Authors

nol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1 -butan01 - and many ethers are made from petro- S, 1 and S,2 hydrolysis of alkyl halides (Sections 8-4 to 8-7) and of allylic on heating a mixture of ethanoic acid and tert-butyl alcohol with sulfuric acid as Exercise 15-13 Complete the following reactions by drawing structures for the major

[PDF] n-, iso-, sec-, and tert-Butyl acetate - Health Council of the Netherlands

15 nov 2001 · Most Health Council reports are prepared by multidisciplinary Generally, butanols are readily metabolised by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases to acetic acid tert-butyl ester, acetic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester volunteers or female rats, hydrolysis half-lives of n-butyl acetate were 4 and 12 min,

[PDF] A SN1 Reaction: Synthesis of tert-Butyl Chloride - The Royal Society

butanol just small amount, if any, of 1-chlorobutane would be obtained The overall reaction tert-Butyl alcohol Hydrogen chloride tert-Butyloxonium ion Erlenmeyer to the separatory funnel, and the discharge of the different acid and alkaline Write the title, draw the reaction scheme and create and fill in the table

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Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 1

Higher Chemistry: Unit 2 ² 1MPXUH·V FOHPLVPU\

Part C ² Esters, Fats and Oils

Lesson 1 - Esters

By the end of this lesson you should know:

1. How to name and draw esters using names, shortened and extended formula

2. How to describe a condensation reaction and hydrolysis reaction

3. Physical properties of esters

4. Uses of esters

You will have been successful in this lesson if you:

1. Read and learn the notes given

2. Watch the links provided

3. Complete questions provided

4. EXTENSION: There is a further reading section to help you gain more depth of

understanding for this section. There are also suggested questions for you to try from the blue book of revision questions. If you have any questions about the content of this lesson, you should ask your class teacher either through your class MS team or via email. The teams will be monitored through the week and someone will get back to you as soon as they can. You may wish to revise the following to help you understand this lesson: - Higher chemistry ² alcohols and carboxylic acids

Learning Outcomes

Success Criteria

Links to Prior Knowledge

You may wish to have a copy of the data booklet handy for this lesson. Download or print a copy of the Higher Chemistry Data Booklet from MS Teams or the SQA website -

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 2

Esters

Esters are molecules that contain an ester link, -COO- . Esters are sweet smelling molecules that exist in nature and can be synthesised by chemists to create fruity flavours and perfumes. pentyl ethanoate (pear smell) 3-methylbutyl ethanoate (banana smell)

Uses of Esters

Esters are used as:

1. Flavourings and Fragrances - as many have pleasant,

fruity smells.

2. Solvents for non-polar compounds that do not dissolve in

water. Notes ² you should either copy, print or save the notes below. A full copy of these notes are available on the Higher Chemistry Teams site and you will receive a paper copy when we return to school. Click here for a 10 minute PowerPoint with voice recording from Ms Hastie for this lesson WATCH ² (3 mins) https://www.twigscotland.com/film/esters-and-perfumes-1373/

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 3

Formation of Esters

Esters are formed by the condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol: carboxylic acid + alcohol ֖ A condensation reaction is a reaction in which two small molecules join to make a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule (usually water).

Example 1. Formation of ethyl propanoate

Example 2. Formation of methyl ethanoate

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HPO\O SURSMQRMPH Ą +22

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F+3F22+ Ą F+32+ ֖

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 4

Making Esters

Esters can be made in the laboratory using the following apparatus: The formation of esters is a slow reaction. The reaction rate is increased by:

1. Adding a catalyst² concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4.

2. Placing the test tube in a beaker of hot water.

However, the heat from the water bath can often cause the volatile reactants to vaporise and rise up the test tube. A wet paper towel is wrapped around the top of the test tube to act as a condenser. A condenser is a piece of equipment that cools gases down into a liquid state. In this set up, condenser stops the vapours from escaping. A piece of cotton wool is often place at the mouth of the test tube to stop the reactants from bubbling out of the tube. After around 20 minutes, 2 separate layers will appear in the test tube. The ester will be the sweet-smelling oily layer and will appear on top of the aqueous layer.

Naming Esters

The name of the ester comes from the alcohol and the carboxylic acid used:

Alcohol Carboxylic acid Ester Name

methanol ethanoic acid methyl ethanoate WATCH ² (2 mins) https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zp8wwmn/video cotton wool

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 5

butan-1-ol pentanoic acid butyl pentanoate ethanol propanoic acid ethyl propanoate

Hydrolysis of Esters

The formation of esters is a reversible reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction is a hydrolysis reaction: ester + water ֖ A hydrolysis reaction is the breaking down of a larger molecule into smaller molecules using water

Example 3. Hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate.

Esters:

- contain the ester link -COO- - are sweet smelling non-polar molecules - are used as fragrances, flavourings and solvents for non-polar compounds

SUMMARY

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F+3F22F+2F+2F+3

F+3F22+

SURS\O HPOMQRMPH

HPOMQRLŃ MŃLG

F+3F+2F+22+ SURSMQ1RO

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 6

- are formed in condensation reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols - broken down in hydrolysis reactions by the reaction with water

You should now know:

1. How to name and draw esters using names, shortened and extended formula

2. How to describe a condensation reaction and hydrolysis reaction

3. Some physical properties of esters

4. Uses of esters

To learn more about esters, try the following online resources: BBC Bitesize: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zp8wwmn/revision/1

Read page 1-3 and watch the video clip

Scholar: Log in through GLOW

Higher Chemistry AE 1MPXUH·V ŃOHPLVPU\ AE 4. Esters Read through the exercises and try the end of topic test Evans2 chem web: https://www.evans2chemweb.co.uk/login/index.php#

Username: snhs password: giffnock

Select any teacher AE revision material AE CfE HigherAE Unit 2:

1MPXUH·V FOHPLVPU\ AE Esters, fats and oils

Learning Outcomes

Further Reading

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 7

2.8 Esters (i)

1. Esters are the products of a condensation reaction.

a) Define a condensation reaction. b) Which two functional groups react to form an ester link?

2. For each of the reactants below, name and draw the full structural formula of

the ester produced: a) Propanol and ethanoic acid b) Methanol and propanoic acid c) Butanoic acid and ethanol d) Methanoic acid and pentanol

3. Name and write the shortened structural formula for the esters shown below:

a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Check your understanding ² Answers the questions below in you class jotter

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 8

2.9 Esters (ii)

1. The shortened structural formulae of some esters are given below.

For each one,

i. Draw the full structural formula ii. Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid that reacted to produce them. a) CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 b) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OOCH c) CH3OOCCH2CH3 d) CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOCH2CH3 2.

A B

B The above esters can be hydrolysed to produce the starting alcohols and carboxylic acids. a) What is a hydrolysis reaction? b) Name the carboxylic acid produced when Ester A is hydrolysed. c) Draw the full structural formula and name the alcohol produced when Ester B is hydrolysed

3. The diagram below shows how methyl benzoate can be produced in the lab:

a) What catalyst is present with the reactants? b) Suggest a reason for the small test tube with cold water. c) Suggest and explain the best way to heat the reaction mixture. d) What evidence will there be that methyl benzoate has been produced?

4. Natural and synthetic esters have a variety of uses.

Give two examples of the uses of esters.

Higher Chemistry St. Ninian's High School

NC: Part C Lesson 1 - Esters Page 9

For more practise questions for esters, use your Revision Questions for Higher

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Esters (i) page 41 Q1-7

Esters (ii) page 42 Q1-5

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES WILL BE POSTED ON WEDNESDAY FOR YOU TO

CHECK YOUR WORK

EXTENSION WORK

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