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A GUIDE

TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

ST

ANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS

P repared Under United Nations Development P rogramme (UNDP) and the European C ommission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) T hrough the Disaster Preparedness Programme (DIPECHO

Regional Initiativ

e in Disaster Risk Reduction

March, 2010

Maputo - Mozambique

GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS T able of Contents 1. Communications in Emergencies ...................................6 The Role of the Radio Telephone Operator (RTO)...........................7

Description

of Duties ..............................................................................7 R adio Operator Logs................................................................................9 R

adio Logs..................................................................................................9

P rogramming Radios............................................................................10 Car e of Equipment and Operator Maintenance...........................10 Solar T

ypes of Radios.......................................................................................11

The HF Digital E-mail.............................................................................12

Improv

ed Communication Technologies......................................12

Satellit

e Communications...................................................................12

Benefits

of Using Satellite....................................................................13

Satellit

e Phones......................................................................................14

Satellit

e VSAT Networks.......................................................................15 2. Radio Procedures...........................................................16

Guiding

Principle of Good Communications ..............................16

Sensitive

Message Traffic.....................................................................17 R adio Checks and Signal Reports......................................................17 C omponents of All Radio Transmissions........................................18

Call Signs

Receiving

a Message.............................................................................18 T ransmitting a Message.......................................................................19 Relay oductory Remarks and Acknowledgments 5 C ommunication Operations and Procedures 6GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS i Relay

Repetitions..................

C Canc eling Messages..............................................................................22 Read A cknowledgment of Messages.........................................................23 Bre ak-In Procedure................................................................................23 L ong Message Procedure....................................................................24

Phonetic

P ronunciation of Figures.....................................................................26 M

ixe Groups.............................................................................................26

Standar

d Procedure Words-(Prowords)..........................................27 P rowords Listed Alphabetically.........................................................27 Aler

t Reports............................................................................................31

F

lash Report.............................................................................................33

Repor ts from the field to higher .......................................................33 F

ield Flash Report...................................................................................33

Initial

Report ...........................................................................................33

Interim

Report ........................................................................................34

Specialist

or Technical Report ...........................................................34

Message

Note for Assessors..................................................................................35

Examples

of Transmission Reports...................................................37

Initial

Landslides,

Mud, and Debris Flows....................................43

General

T

ypical Effects........................................................................................43

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................43 V olcanic Eruptions..............................................................44

General

Characteristics of Disaster Events 43GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS ii T

ypical Effects.........................................................................................44

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................45 T

General

T

ypical Effects..........................................................................................46

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................46 Ear

General

T

ypical Effects.........................................................................................47

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................47

Droughts........

General

T

ypical Effects..........................................................................................49

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................49 F

General

T

ypical Effects..........................................................................................50

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................51

Chemical and Industrial A

General

T

ypical Effects..........................................................................................51

Assistanc

e Needs...................................................................................52 T ropical Cyclones................................................................53

General

T ypical Adverse Effects.........................................................................53 W

ind Reference Tables..........................................................................54GUIDE

TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS iii

Displaced

General

T

ypical Effects..........................................................................................56

Emergenc

y Needs..................................................................................56GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS iv Intr oductory Remarks and A cknowledgments This manual is written to provide a standard of operation and a guide for training and message handling techniques and net pr ocedures for Radio Emergency Service operators at the national and as well as with local radio networks. Instructions and general operating procedures presented in this Standard

Operating

Procedure (SOP) are applicable to all message traffic handling . All radio operators are encouraged to use this document in training and/or activated net operations. The

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and

DIPECHO

has prepared this document based on standartized int ernational communications protocols. Adaptations were made to make communications protocols more user friendly to t he target audience comprised of countries such as

Mozambique

, Malawi, Madagascar and Comoros. This document also benefited from combined efforts and valuable contribution of Dr Jane S. P. Mocellin, a.i DIPECHO

Regional

Coordinator on behalf of UNDP. A consultant , B.

Do naldson, have greatly contributed to the process of pr eparation of this document and gave useful advice and s uggestions and finalizing it. Special thanks to WFP

Mozambique

(World Food Programme) for their review on the initial draft.GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS 5

Communication Operations and Procedures

1.

Communications in Emergencies

Eff ective communication linkages among the Emergency

Operations

Centers (EOC) and front-line responders to meet

the needs of affected communities is critical in the aftermath of a disaster, especially with the growing emphasis on devolution of disaster management to the community level. However, failure of electronic communications has been a major problem on numerous occasions impeding disaster response. I n addition to rapid response, there is also a requirement for cont inued community information post-impact, such as warnings of additional threats and of emergency/disaster management arrangements in their local areas. The goal of any communication system is to maximize the number of people who take appropriate and timely action for ensuring safety and prot ecting of life and property of affected communities communication systems. It should encompass three equally impor tant elements:

Detection and warning;

Dissemination of warning down to the community

l evel; and

Subsequent quick response.

Developing

and implementing common technical characteris- tics and guidelines for radio communication systems for early warning and disaster relief, would promote a common technical basis in planning for and responding effectively to an emergenc y. Such systems that have a common basis, would also benefit from cooperation among countries when there is a GUIDE TO RADIO COMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS 6 trans-bor der disaster by allowing an effective and appropriate humanitarian assistanc e with all the necessary operational re- quiremen ts. Basic radio operating procedures are used for the following rea sons:

Non-standard radio communications can result in

misunderstood messages;quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23