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French Immersion in Manitoba

A Handbook for School Leaders

Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth Cataloguing in Publication Data

440.7107127 French immersion in Manitoba: a handbook for school leaders.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN - 13: 978-0-7711-3928-4

1. French language - Study and teaching - Immersion method -

Handbooks, manuals etc. I. Manitoba. Division du bureau de l'éducation française. II. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth.

Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth

Bureau de l'éducation française Division

509-1181 Portage Avenue

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3G 0T3

All rights reserved © 2007, the Crown in Right of Manitoba as represe nted by the Minister of Education, Citizenship and Youth. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth, Bureau de l'éducation française Division, 509-1181 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3G 0T3. Telephone: 204-945-6916 Fax: 204-945-1625

Email:

bef@merlin.mb.ca Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please notify Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Manitoba Education, Citizenship and Youth authorizes reproduction of this document, in whole or in part, for non-profit educational purposes, exce pt the documents in the appendices which may not be reproduced or transmitted i n any form or by any means. Any Web sites referenced in this document are subject to change without notic e. Educators are advised to preview and evaluate Web sites and online resources before recommending them for student use. This resource is also available on the Manitoba Education, Citizenship a nd Youth

Web site at

Note: In this document, the term "parents" refers to both parents and legal guardians involved in a child's education.

INTRODUCTION

A Word from the Assistant Deputy Minister,

Bureau de l'éducation française Division

Le Bureau de l'éducation française, a division of Manitoba Educ ation, Citizenship and Youth (MECY) is pleased to present the document, French Immersion in Manitoba: A Handbook for School Leaders. The French Immersion Program in Manitoba draws its strength from the con stant dedication and involvement of all members of the educational community. The development of this document was a collaborative effort to provide leaders in French as a second language education in Manitoba with a theoretical bas is as well as practical suggestions to support and to successfully administer the French

Immersion Program.

MECY would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Alberta Education and thank them for the use of their document. I encourage you to share this document within your school communities an d hope this resource will become invaluable as you continue to provide a h igh quality French Immersion Program to Manitoba's children.

Jean-Vianney Auclair

iii

USING THIS HANDBOOK

The handbook contains 12 chapters and 5 appendices that provide research , history, statistics, practical ideas, current articles, and essential information to assist in the successful delivery of the French Immersion Program in Manitoba. This document is a guide intended for school leaders in French immersion settings that may be shared and reproduced as deemed necessary. An electronic version of this document is available at and all future updates and additions will be posted electronically. Because of the ongoing changes that take place with regards to Web sites and contact information, it is possible that information provided may change . Note however that the information provided is accurate at time of print. v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Le Bureau de l'éducation francaise Division acknowledges with appr eciation the valuable contribution of the following individuals in the development of French Immersion in M anitoba: A Handbook for

School Leaders.

Advisory Committee

Monique Gauthier Principal École Regent Park

River East Transcona School Division

Lydia Hedrich Assistant Superintendent Seven Oaks School Division

Manitoba Association of School Superintendents

(MASS) representative

Marcel Houde Vice-Principal St. Paul Collegiate

Prairie Rose School Division

Roger Lacroix Principal École Saint-Germain

Louis Riel School Division

Association manitobaine des directrices et

directeurs des écoles d'immersion française (AMDI) representative Philippe Le Dorze Coordinator: French Immersion Pembina Trails School Division

Program and Second Languages

Jules Rocque, Ph.D. Professor Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface Bureau de l'éducation française Division Personnel Danielle Bérard Desktop Publisher Bureau de l'éducation française Division

Carol-Anne Browning Consultant

Sandra Drzystek Liaison Officer - French Bureau de l'éducation française Division as a Second Language

Gestny Ewart, Ph.D. Consultant

Gérald Fouasse Project Coordinator

Consultant

Lise Grégoire Desktop Publisher Bureau de l'éducation française Division Maude Plourde Administrative Officer Bureau de l'éducation française Division

Jean-Marie Taillefer Consultant

Angèle Vermette Administrative Officer Bureau de l'éducation française Division vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A Word from the Assistant Deputy Minister, Bureau de l'éducation française Division ........................................................................ ..........................iii Using this Handbook ........................................................................ ......................v Acknowledgements ....................................................... Table of Contents ........................................................................ ...........................ix Chapter 1. French Immersion: Principles and Practices A. The Manitoba Context ........................................................................ ............1-1 B. Program Goals ........................................................................ .........................1-2 C. Characteristics of the French Immersion Program in Manitoba ....................1-2 D. Theoretical Underpinnings of French Immersion Programs in Canada .........1-3 Theory of Additive and Substractive Bilingualism .................................1-3 Threshold Hypothesis ........................................................................ ......1-4 Developmental Interdependence Hypothesis .........................................1-5

E. How French Immersion Works .......................................................................1

-6 The Role of the French Language ...........................................................1-6 How Children Learn Their First Language .............................................1-6 How Children Learn a Second Language ................................................1-7 F. Immersion Pedagogy ........................................................................ .............1-10 G. School Culture Conducive to French Immersion .........................................1-11 H. Research Findings ........................................................................ .................1-12 I. A Historical Overview of French Immersion in Canada ...............................1-12 J. The Evolution of French-Language Education in Manitoba .........................1-14

K. Frequently Asked Questions ........................................................................

.1-16 References ............................................................. Suggested Readings ........................................................................ ...................1-21 ix

Chapter 2. Conditions for Success

A. French Immersion Models Found in Manitoba ..............................................2-1 Early French Immersion ........................................................................ ..2-1 Middle or Late French Immersion ...........................................................2-2 B. Types of Schools ........................................................................ .....................2-2 Immersion School ........................................................................ ............2-3 Immersion Centre ........................................................................ ............2-3 Dual Track School ........................................................................ ...........2-3 C. Programming ........................................................................ ...........................2-4 D. Leadership ........................................................................ ...............................2-5 E. Teaching ........................................................................ ..................................2-5 F. Professional Development ........................................................................ .......2-6 G. Resources ........................................................................ ................................2-6 H. Support Services ........................................................................ .....................2-7 I. English Instruction in an Early French Immersion Program ...........................2-7 Who Teaches the English Portion of Time? ............................................2-9 J. The Role of Kindergarten in Early French Immersion ..................................2-10

K. French Immersion in Senior Years ...............................................................2-11

Graduation Credit Requirements ...........................................................2-12 L. The Importance of Culture in the French Immersion Program ....................2-14 M. Language Instruction in the Content Areas .................................................2-15 N. Stability ........................................................................ .................................2-16

O. Postsecondary Opportunities ........................................................................

2-16 References ............................................................. Suggested Readings ........................................................................ ...................2-18

Chapter 3. Providing Provincial Leadership

for French Immersion

A. Language Education in Manitoba ...................................................................3-1

B. Program Resources ........................................................................ .................3-2 Curriculum - Kindergarten to Grade 12 ..................................................3-2 Curriculum Frameworks of Outcomes Documents .................................3-2 Foundation for Implementation Documents ............................................3-3 Support Documents ........................................................................ ..........3-3 C. Funding for the French Immersion Program ..................................................3-3 D. Additional Funding from Federal Sources .....................................................3-4 Professional Staff: Teacher Bursary Program and French Immersion for Teachers Program (FIT) ....................................................................3-4 Program Consolidation and Development ...............................................3-5 Students: Explore and Postsecondary Opportunities ...............................3-7 E. Provincial Assessment ........................................................................ ...........3-11 x

F. Bureau de l'éducation française Division .....................................................3-12

Direction du développement et de l'implantation des programmes (DDIP) ........................................................................ ......3-13 Direction des services de soutien en éducation (DSSE) .......................3-13 Direction des programmes de langues officielles et des services administratifs (DPLOSA) .....................................................................3-1 4 Direction des ressources éducatives françaises (DREF) ......................3-15 Organizational Chart - Department of Education, Citizenship and Youth .......3-17

Organizational Charts - Bureau de l'éducation

française Division ......................................................................3- 18 References .............................................................

Chapter 4. Providing Divisional Leadership

for French Immersion

A. Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................

......4-1 School Boards ........................................................................ ..................4-1 Trustees ............................................................... .....................................4-2 Superintendent and Senior Central Office Administrators ......................4-2 B. Policy Matters ........................................................................ .........................4-5 The Value of Second Language Learning in Education .........................4-5 Access and Equity ........................................................................ ..........4-6 C. Long-term Planning ........................................................................ ................4-6 Stability and Growth ........................................................................ ........4-6 Staffing ............................................................... Professional Development .......................................................................4 -7 Support Services ........................................................................ ..............4-9 Quality and Assessment ........................................................................ ...4-9 References ............................................................. Suggested Readings ........................................................................ ...................4-10

Chapter 5. Providing School Leadership

for French Immersion A. Overview ........................................................................ .................................5-1

B. Creating a School Culture ........................................................................

.......5-2

C. Staffing: Setting the Stage for Success ...........................................................5-3

Interviewing Prospective Staff ................................................................5-3 Supporting Newly Hired Staff .................................................................5-5 Supervising and Evaluating Staff ............................................................5-7 Meeting Professional Development Needs of Staff ................................5-7

D. Organizing for Instruction ........................................................................

......5-9

E. Establishing and Maintaining a Library ..........................................................5-9

F. Responsibilities of Staff and Parent Councils ...............................................5-10 xi References ............................................................. Suggested Readings ........................................................................ ...................5-11 Chapter 6. Working with Parents in French Immersion

A. Parental Involvement at Home .......................................................................6

-2 B. Parental Involvement at the School and Divisional Levels ............................6-4

C. Communicating with Parents ........................................................................

.6-5 Communication Strategies in a School Community ...............................6-6

D. Other Useful Resources for Parents ...............................................................6-6

References ............................................................. Suggested Readings ........................................................................ .....................6-8

Chapter 7. Manitoba Enrolments

Manitoba Enrolments (Public Schools Only - Excluding Special Educati on

and Pre-Kindergarten Enrolments) ......................................................................7-

2 Proportion of Manitoba's Public Schools Students Enrolled

in French Immersion - Trend ........................................................................

.....7-4 List of Manitoba School Divisions/Districts Offering the French Immersion Program ........................................................................ .....................7-5 Number of Students in the French Immersion Program by School Year and Grade ........................................................................ ................7-8 Enrolments by Entry Point ........................................................................ .........7-9 Manitoba 2006-2007 School Year - Enrolment Data by Program and Grade ........................................................................ ....................7-10 Enrolments in the French Immersion (FL2-I) Program by School Division/District and Grade 2006-2007 School Year .......................................7-11 Enrolments in the French Immersion (FL2-I) Program by School

and Grade 2006-2007 School Year ...................................................................7-12

Manitoba - French Immersion Program Enrolments 1974-1975 to

2006-2007 School Years ........................................................................

............7-15 Manitoba - French Immersion Program Enrolments 1984-1985 to

2006-2007 School Years ........................................................................

............7-16

Chapter 8. Recruitment and Retention of French

Immersion Students

A. The Importance of Recruitment and Retention to Program Success .............8-1

B. Factors Pertaining to Recruitment ..................................................................8-1

Challenges that Influence Recruitment ....................................................8-3 Factors Considered When Parents Decide on a French Immersion Program ........................................................................ .........8-4 xii

C. Factors Pertaining to Retention .......................................................................8

-4 Challenges that May Influence Retention ...............................................8-7 D. Promotion of the French Immersion Program ................................................8-8 French language a real tour de force around the world ...........................8-8 Messages Specific to Promoting French Immersion .............................8-10 How to Provide Program Details ...........................................................8-10 Strategies for Promoting the French Immersion Program.....................8-11 How to Develop a Comfort Level with Our Parents .............................8-12 References ............................................................. Chapter 9. Inclusion in the French Immersion Programquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23