It is intended to be used as a reference guide for establishing coding conventions in organizations and groups developing embedded software using C language,
Fall 2014 - ARM Version ELEC 3040/3050 Embedded Systems Lab (V P Nelson) to be used to reference the information int x,y,z; //declares 3 variables of
Embedded Programming 1 Reference: The C Programming Language by Kernighan C programming for embedded systems 2 • C programming for
11 nov 2010 · Main characteristics of an Embedded programming environment: • Limited ROM • Limited RAM This is essentially a translation of the data sheet +--------- COPCLKS =0 : COP clock source is internal 1kHz reference */
5 sept 2000 · The C Cheat Sheet An Introduction to Programming in C may recognize the main() method but note that it is not embedded within a class
The single best book on C is The C Programming Language by Kernighan and Richie CODE: Code for execution goes into files with “ c” suffix Shared decl's (
Most embedded systems do not have the power to run various programming languages that require more runtime support compared to that required by C++ which
Define program functions */ (type returned)(function name)(parameter list) ( declaration of parameter types) { (declaration of local variables); (body of function
for embedded systems, contin- ued to treat the the behaviours of the C program - ming language (for fensive programming techniques What's a software
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A Quick Reference to C Programming Language
Structure of a C Program
#include(stdio.h)/* include IO library */ #include.../* include other files */ #define./* define constants */ /* Declare global variables*/) (variable type)(variable list); /* Define program functions */ (type returned)(function name)(parameter list) (declaration of parameter types) (declaration of local variables); (body of function code); /* Define main function*/ main ((optional argc and argv arguments)) (optional declaration parameters) (declaration of local variables); (body of main function code);
Comments
Format:/*(body of comment) */
Example:/*This is a comment in C*/
Constant Declarations
Format:#define(constant name)(constant value)
Example:#define MAXIMUM 1000
Type Definitions
Format: typedef(datatype)(symbolic name);
Example: typedef int KILOGRAMS;
Variables
Declarations:
Format:(variable type)(name 1)(name 2),...;
Example:int firstnum, secondnum;
char alpha; int firstarray[10]; int doublearray[2][5]; char firststring[1O];
Initializing:
Format:(variable type)(name)=(value);
Example:int firstnum=5;
Assignments:
Format:(name)=(value);
Example:firstnum=5;
Alpha='a';
Unions
Declarations:
Format:union(tag)
{(type)(member name); (type)(member name); }(variable name);
Example:union demotagname
{int a; float b; }demovarname;
Assignment:
Format:(tag).(member name)=(value);
demovarname.a=1; demovarname.b=4.6;
Structures
Declarations:
Format:struct(tag)
{(type)(variable); (type)(variable); }(variable list);
Example:struct student
{int idnum; int finalgrade; char lettergrade; } first,second,third;
Assignment:
Format: (variable name).(member)=(value);
Example: first.idnum=333;
second.finalgrade=92;
Operators
SymbolOperationExample
+,-,*,/arithmetic1 = b + c; %moda = b % c; >greater thanif (a > b) >=greater than or equalif (a >= b)
>shift-righta = b >> 2; <Input and Output Output
Print Formats:
String: print("(literal string)");
String+newline: print ("(string)\n");
Variables: printf("(conversion specs)",(variables)); Print Examples:
Print Conversion Specifications:
%ddecimal %uunsigned decimal %ooctalÙcbaÙ= %hhex %eexponential %ffloat %gshorter of %e or %f %cchar %sstring Print Escape Sequences:
\nnewline \ttab \rcarriage return \fform feed \bbackspace \'output \\output \ Input:
Scanf Format:
scanf("(conversion specs)",&(varl),&(var2),...); Scanf Example:
scanf("%d %d %d",&first,&second,&third); Scanf Conversion Specifications:
%ddecimal integer expected %ooctalinteger expected %xhex integer expected %hshort integer expected %ccharacter expected %sstring expected %rreal value expected %eexponential notation expected Primitive Input and Output Examples:
Get a character from standard input: c = getchar(); Put a character on standard output: putcher(c);
Control Structures
FOR LOOP Format:
for((first expr);(second expr);(third expr)) (simple statement); for ((first expr);(second expr);(third expr)) (compound statement); WHILE LOOP Format:
while ((condition)) (simple statement); while ((condition)) (compound statement); DO WHILE LOOP Format:
do (simple statement)' while((condition)) do{ (compound statement); while((condition)); IF CONDITIONAL Format:
if((condition)) (simple statement); if((condition)) (compound statement); IF... ELSE CONDITIONAL Format:
if((condition)) (statement 1); else (statement 2); SWITCH Format:
switch ((expression)) {case (value 1):(statement 1); case (value 2):(statement 2); default:(default statement); Function Definitions
Format:
(type returned)(function name)((parameter list)) (declaration of parameter list variables) (declaration of local variables); (body of function code); Example:
Int. adder(a,b)
int a,b; {int c; c = a + b; return (c); Pointers
Declaration of pointer variable:
Format:(type)*(variable name);
Examples: int *p;
struct student *classmember; The major ingradients of C Programming language:
A C program consists of a main function and several program functions. The program can also access many external functions that are contained in the header file and C library. · The roles of the main function include declaring global variables, defining program functions and specifying the sources of external functions. · The header file normally contains frequently used utility functions such as IO library, etc. · The program function carries out a specific task of the program, acting as a building block of the program. Arguments can be used to pass values. The name of the function can also be used as a variable of specified type to return a value to the main program. · An array is indexed by a pointer. The pointer starts at 0, rather than 1. In the simple tutorial of Introduction to C Programming, we will learn the very basic elements of a C program through an example. To under each elements of this short program and try to add additional features to the program.quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23
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