[PDF] [PDF] The Five Generations of Computers

[PDF] Generations of Computers

Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies Nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system

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The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices Each generation of computer is 

[PDF] The Five Generations of Computers

The Five Generations of Computers Dentistry College - University of Tikrit Computer Science The First Stage - First Semester - 2018-2019 Ass Lec Tamara A

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Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

1Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Basic Concepts of Computer:

Computer is an electronic device which is used to store the data, as per given instructions it gives results quickly and accurately.

Data: Data is a raw material of information.

Information: Proper collection of the data is called information.

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

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3Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Data type:

is a classification of the type of data that a variableor objectcan hold in computer programming. Data types are an important factor in virtually all computer programming languages, including C#, C++, JavaScript, and Visual Basic.

Examples of data types

Boolean(e.g., True or False)

Character(e.g., a)

Date (e.g., 03/01/2016)

Floating-point number(e.g., 1.234)

Integer(e.g., 1234)

String(e.g., abcd)

Others

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

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Information Processing Cycle

5Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

6Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

7Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

8Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

9Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

The Five Generations of Computers

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

10Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Generations of Computer

smallerbutmuchmorepowerfulmachine. generationsofcomputer. morepowerful,fasterandefficient. subsections.

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

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11Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

First Generation Computers

(1940-1956) yThe first computers used vacuum tubes(a sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current.)for circuitry and magnetic drumsformemory. yThey were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat. yExample: Electronic Numerical Integrator and

Computer (ENIAC) .

12Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

First Generation Computers

Advantages :

It was only electronic device

Disadvantages :

large in size

Vacuum tubes burn frequently

Maintenance problems

13Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

SecondGeneration Computers

(1956-1963) Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. Second-generation computers moved from binarymachine language to symbolic. High-level programming languageswere also being developed at this time, such as early versions ofCOBOL andFORTRAN.

Example : IBM 1401

14Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

SecondGeneration Computers

Advantages :

Size reduced The very fast

Disadvantages :

They over heated quickly

Maintenance problems

15Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

ThirdGeneration Computers

(1964-1971)

The development of theIntegrated Circuit(IC).

Allowed the device to run many differentapplicationsat one time.

Example: IBM System/360

Advantages :

ICs are very small in size

Improved performance

Production cost cheap

16Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

FourthGeneration Computers

(1971-present) Themicroprocessorbrought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. From thecentral processing unitand memory to input/output controlson a single chip. . Fourth generation computers also saw the development ofGUIs, themouseand otherdevices.

Example: Macintosh 128k

17Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

FifthGeneration Computers

(present and beyond) Fifth generation computing devices, based onartificial intelligence. Are still in development, though there are some applications, such asvoice recognition. The use ofparallel processingand superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

Example: Super computer

18Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Features of a Computer

High speed, accuracy large storage capacity, high reliability and versatility are some of the important features of computers.

SPEED: In general, no human being can compete to solving the complex computation, faster than computer.

ACCURACY: Since Computer is programmed, so what ever input we give it gives result with accurately. STORAGE: Computer can store mass storage of data with appropriate format. POWER OF REMEMBERING: It can remember data for us. Computer can work for hours without any break and creating error. We can use computer to perform completely different type of work at the same time. 19

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Uses of Computer in Our Daily Life

humansdaily.

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

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1. Uses of the computer in Education

field

2. Use of computer in the business

3. Uses of the computer in hospitals

4. Uses of the computer in the

banking sector

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

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21Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

5. Uses of the computer in government offices

6. Uses of the computer in the home

7. Uses of the computer in marketing

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

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8. Computer used by various people around the world

for different reasons and purposes Kids

High school students

College students

Job seekers

Business owners

Computer Professional & IT people

9. Uses of computer in new habitsImpact of computer in our life

10. Uses of computer to change life

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23Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Types of Computers

1. Analog Computers

Analog computers are used to process continuous data. Analog computers represent variables by physical quantities. Thus any computer which solve problem by translating physical conditions such as temperature, pressure, or voltage into related mechanical or electrical related circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenonbeing investigated in general it is a computer which uses an analog quantity and produces analog values as output. Analog computers are very much speedy. They produce their results very fast. But their results are approximately correct. All the analog computers are special purpose computers.

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

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Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai24

2. Digital Computers

Digital computer represents physical quantities with the help of digits or numbers. These numbers are used to perform Arithmetic calculations and also make logical decision to reach a conclusion, depending on, the data they receive from the user.

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai25

3. Hybrid Computers

Various specifically designed computers are with both digital and analog characteristics combining the advantages of analog and digital computers when working as a system. Hybrid computers are being used extensively in process control system where it is necessary to have a close representation with the physical world.

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai26

Computer Classification

Computers can be classified by size and power to:

1.Personal computer(PCs)

2.Workstation:

3.Minicomputer:

4.Mainframe:

5.Supercomputer

27

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

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Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Computer Classification

Personal computer(PCs): a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data. Workstation: a powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor. 28

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Computer Classification

Minicomputer: multi-user computer capable of

supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously. Mainframe: powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. Supercomputer: an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. 29

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Computer Classification

Compare between the previous type of computers based on Price

Processing Speed

Storage Capacity

Powerful

Single-user or Multi-user

Computer Size

30

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

The First Stage -First Semester -2018-2019

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

There are 3 main types of PCs

Laptop computer

Is a portable computer.

Personal computer that can be easily carriedand used in a variety of locations. 31

Dentistry College -University of Tikrit

Computer Science

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Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Netbook Computer

Anetbookis a type of laptop that is designed to

beeven more portable. Cheaper and less powerful than laptops or desktops. They are generally less powerful than other types of computers, but they provide enough power for email and internet access, which is where the name "netbook" comes from.

32Ass. Lec. Tamara A. Anai

Mobile Devices

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