One facet of verbs is that they can be preceded by prefixes, small units of order in basic sentences; they also have slightly different participle forms The typical word order in basic German (declarative) sentences is SUBJECT-VERB-VERBAL
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One facet of verbs is that they can be preceded by prefixes, small units of order in basic sentences; they also have slightly different participle forms The typical word order in basic German (declarative) sentences is SUBJECT-VERB-VERBAL
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separable prefix verbs
One facet of verbs is that they can be preceded by prefixes, small units of language that somehow modify or
enhance the meaning of basic verbs. Although there are some patterns as to how these prefixes affect the verbs'
meaning, for the most part you just need to learn the individual verbs.I. Prepositions as separable prefixesMost prepositions can be made into separable prefixes, and most separable prefixes are originally prepositions.
These prefixes change the new verb's meaning in a way that is often related to the original meaning of the
preposition. Here are some examples for the most common separable prefixes: Die sieben Zwerge sehen im Wohnzimmer fern.The seven dwarves are watching TV in the living room.Chef spielt ihnen Disneys 'Snow White' vor
.Doc is playing them Disney's SnowWhite.
course. (to the party).Als Schneewittchen im Film in den Apfel beißt,
schnell weg ... Er kann diese Szene gar nicht ausstehen!As Snow White bites into the apple in thefilm, Grumpy starts to cry loudly and runs away ... He can't stand this scene! spazieren.Snow White runs after him, and they go for a walk in the beautiful forests in theHarz mountains instead.preposition/prefix
(general meaning)exampleenglishAB- (away)abfahren
absagendepart cancelAN- (towards)ankommen
anfangenarrivebeginAUF- (up, on)aufstehen
stopAUS- (out, also suggests completion)aussteigen
ausstehenget out (of a bus) stand somebodyEIN- (in)einsteigenget in (a bus, train)grimm grammarGrimm Grammar© 2008, Texas Language Technology Center, University of Texas at AustinPage 1 of 5
II. Other common separable prefix verbs
III. Word order and separable prefixes
A. Declarative sentences
The separable prefixes affect word order in basic sentences; they also have slightly different participle forms.
The typical word order in basic German (declarative) sentences is SUBJECT-VERB-VERBAL COMPLEMENTS. While
this order stays the same for the most part, the separable prefix of the separable prefix verb goes to the very end of
the declarative sentence. parts of the sentencesubjectverbother items that complete the verb (e.g., direct object)separable prefix declarative sentenceChefspieltTennis. declarative sentence with a separable prefix verbChefspieltden Filmvor.B. Questions
Separable prefix verbs affect the word order in questions as well: parts of the sentencesubject/question wordverbverbal complements/subjectseparable prefix declarative sentenceChefspieltden Filmvor.Who?Werspieltden Filmvor?
What?WasspieltChefvor?
C. With modal verbs
Modal verbs affect the word order of sentences with separable prefix verbs, too: parts of the sentencesubjectprimary verbverbal complements/subjectseparable prefix/infinitive declarative sentenceChefspieltden Filmvor. modal verb: wollenChefwillden Filmvorspielen. question with modal verbWaswillChefvorspielen? einladeninviteLOS- (indicates beginning something)losgehen
losbrechenget startedbreak loose/escape (break out)MIT- (with, along)mitbringen
mitkommenbring along come with, come alongNACH- (after, follow)nachholen
nachlaufenmake up (work, homework)run after someone (literally)VOR- (before, ahead, forward)vorlesen
vorspielenread out loud play (e.g., a film)WEG- (away)wegwerfen
weglaufenthrow away run away fernsehen - watch TVspazierengehen - go for a walk Rad fahren - ride a bicycleschwarzarbeiten - work illegally teilnehmen - participateschwarzfahren - ride (e.g., a train) without a ticketkennenlernen - get to knowachtgeben - pay attentionGrimm Grammar© 2008, Texas Language Technology Center, University of Texas at AustinPage 2 of 5
D. With subordinating conjunctions
Finally, separable prefix verbs move around when different phrases are connected by subordinating conjunctions
(and also by relative pronouns). subordinating conjunctionsubject/question wordverbverbal complements/subjectseparable prefixChefspieltden Filmvor.
Schneewittchen
ein. den Film vor.Below are some of the most commonly used separable prefix verbs with English equivalents. The first column offers
some general meanings associated with the prefixes, but these are only tendencies, not set rules. preposition/prefix (general meaning)exampleenglishAB- (away)abbrennen
abgeben abkürzen abnehmen abschließen abtreibenburn down turn in (homework), hand over (ticket) shorten lose weight finish, complete abortAN- (towards)anerkennen
andeuten angeben anklagen ankleiden anschauen anstellen anweisen anwendenrecognize hint at, suggest brag, show off accuse dress watch hire, employ instruct useAUF- (up, on)aufatmen
aufbleiben aufführen auflockern aufnehmen stay up (person), stay open (store) perform (e.g., theater play) inform, enlighten, clear up liven up (a party, person) take a picture of (incl. video images)Ich will ihn nie wieder anschauen!I would like to throw away thisfilm!!! I never want to watch itagain!
SchneewittchenNachdem du die DVD wegwirfst,
lesen wir dein neues Drehbuch für diese Geschichte!After you throw away the DVD,let's read your new screen playfor this story! nicht umbringen, und ich bin der Held, und obwohl du den Prinzen kennenlernst, heiratest du mich ...Hmmm ...Ahem ... It's not finished yet. Andfurthermore, it's also a bitkitschy... Ahem ... The witch of
course can't kill you, and I am the hero, and although you meet the prince, you marry me ... HmmmAber du solltest deine Karriere nicht
aufgeben!My dear Grumpy, you are reallysweet! But you should not give upyour (day)job!Grimm Grammar© 2008, Texas Language Technology Center, University of Texas at AustinPage 3 of 5
aufschlagen aufwachsentidy/clean up (e.g., room) open (eyes, book) grow up