2 9 Linear Combinations of GPS Observables 26 References 27 3 GPS Satellite Orbit 29 3 1 Motion of Space Objects 29 3 2 Types of Orbits 32 3 3
The first publication of this book referred to GPS as an enabling technology It has The pdf for noise with the signal present, ps(z), has a nonzero mean
The book is organized for use as a text for an introductory course in GPS technology PDF Probability density function PDOP Position dilution of precision PI
3 sept 1999 · Introduction to GPS: the Global Positioning System/Ahmed El-Rabbany p cm —( Artech House mobile communications series) Includes
2 9 Linear Combinations of GPS Observables 26 References 27 3 GPS Satellite Orbit 29 3 1 Motion of Space Objects 29 3 2 Types of Orbits 32 3 3
The purpose of this book is to present detailed fundamental information on a global positioning system (GPS) receiver Although GPS receivers are popu-
the Global Positioning System (GPS) The book covers all the latest advances in technology, applications, and systems The second edition includes new
As you may have guessed from the title, this book is about GPS (the All GPS receiver manufacturers offer free Adobe Acrobat PDF versions of their
Newer satellites have been sent up to replace older ones • The GPS signal communicates information about the precise position of the satellite and the precise
The satellites are arranged in their orbits so a GPS receiver on earth can always receive a signal from at least four satellites at any given time Each satellite
BOOK Doc Id GPS-X-02007 Author: Jean-Marie Zogg Date: 26/03/2002 For most recent http://www navcen uscg gov/pubs/gps/sigspec/gpssps1 pdf [ii]
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Contents Prefacexiii Acknowledgmentsxiv 1 Introduction to GPS 1 1.1 Overview of GPS 2 1.2 GPS Segments 3 1.3 GPS Satellite Generations 4 1.4 Current GPS Satellite Constellation 6 1.5 Control Sites 7 1.6 GPS: The Basic Idea 8 1.7 GPS Levels of Service 10 1.8 Why Use GPS? 11 References 11 2 GPS Details 13 2.1 GPS Signal Structure 13 2.2 GPS Modernization 16 vii
2.3 GPS Receiver Types 18 2.4 Time Systems 20 2.5 Pseudorange Measurements 21 2.6 Carrier Phase Measurements 22 2.7 Doppler Measurements 24 2.8 Cycle Slips 25 2.9 Linear Combinations of GPS Observables 26 References 27 3 GPS Satellite Orbit 29 3.1 Motion of Space Objects 29 3.2 Types of Orbits 32 3.3 Ideal (Keplerian) Satellite Orbit 33 3.4 Perturbed Satellite Orbit 35 3.5 GPS Broadcast Orbit 36 3.6 GPS Almanac 39 3.7 Satellite Visibility 40 References 42 4 GPS Errors and Biases 43 4.1 GPS Ephemeris Errors 44 4.2 Selective Availability 45 4.3 Satellite and Receiver Clock Errors 47 4.4 Multipath Error 48 4.5 Antenna Phase Center Variation 49 4.6 Receiver Measurement Noise 50 4.7 Ionospheric Delay 51 4.8 Tropospheric Delay 55 viiiIntroduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System
4.9 Other Errors and Biases 56 4.10 Satellite Geometry Measures 57 4.11 User Equivalent Range Error 60 References 61 5 GPS Positioning Modes 65 5.1 GPS Point Positioning: The Classical Approach 66 5.2 GPS PPP 68 5.3 GPS Relative Positioning 70 5.4 Static GPS Surveying 71 5.5 Fast (Rapid) Static 73 5.6 Stop-and-Go GPS Surveying 74 5.7 RTK GPS 76 5.8 Real-Time Differential GPS 77 5.9 Real Time Versus Postprocessing 79 5.10 Communication (Radio) Link 80 References 82 6 Ambiguity Resolution Techniques 83 6.1 Antenna Swap Method 85 6.2 OTF Ambiguity Resolution 86 References 88 7 GPS Data, Products, and Correction Services 89 7.1 GPS Data and Product Services 91 7.2 Maritime DGPS Service 93 7.3 WADGPS Systems 95 7.4 Multisite RTK System 98 References 99 Contentsix 8 GPS Standard Formats 103 8.1 RINEX Format 104 8.2 SP3 Format 109 8.3 RTCM SC-104 Standards for DGPS Services 112 8.4 NMEA 0183 Format 118 References 121 9 GPS Integration 123 9.1 GPS/Loran-C Integration 123 9.2 GPS/LRF Integration 127 9.3 GPS/Dead Reckoning Integration 128 9.4 GPS/INS Integration 130 9.5 GPS/Pseudolite Integration 132 9.6 GPS/Cellular Integration 134 References 136 10 GPS Applications 139 10.1 GPS for the Utility Industry 139 10.2 GPS for Forestry and Natural Resource 141 10.3 GPS for Precision Farming 142 10.4 GPS for Civil Engineering Applications 144 10.5 GPS for Monitoring Structural Deformations 145 10.6 GPS for Open-Pit Mining 146 10.7 GPS for Land Seismic Surveying 148 10.8 GPS for Marine Seismic Surveying 149 10.9 GPS for Airborne Mapping 151 10.10 GPS for Seafloor Mapping 152 10.11 GPS for Vehicle Navigation 154 xIntroduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System
10.12 GPS for Transit Systems 156 10.13 GPS for the Retail Industry 157 10.14 GPS for Cadastral Surveying 159 10.15 Waypoint Navigation (GPS Stakeout) 160 References 161 11 Other Satellite Navigation Systems 163 11.1 The GLONASS System 163 11.2 Galileo - The European Global Satellite Navigation System 167 11.3 Chinese Regional Satellite Navigation System (Beidou System) 170
11.4 The Japanese QZSS Satellite Navigation System 172 References 173 Appendix A: Geodetic Principles - Datums, Coordinate Systems, and Map Projections 175
A.1 What Is a Datum? 175 A.2 Geodetic Coordinate System 177 A.2.1 Conventional Terrestrial Reference System 179
A.2.2 The WGS 84 and NAD 83 Systems 180 A.3 What Coordinates Are Obtained with GPS? 181 A.4 Datum Transformations 182 A.5 Map Projections 183 A.5.1 Transverse Mercator Projection 184 A.5.2 Universal Transverse Mercator 185 A.5.3 Modified Transverse Mercator 187 A.5.4 Lambert Conical Projection 188 A.5.5 Stereographic Double Projection 189 A.6 Local Arbitrary Mapping Systems 190 Contentsxi A.7 Height Systems 191 References 193 Appendix B: GPS Accuracy and Precision Measures 195 Reference 196 Appendix C: Useful Web Sites 197 C.1 GPS/Glonass/Galileo Information and Data 197 C.2 Some GPS Manufacturers 199 About the Author 201 Index 203 xiiIntroduction to GPS: The Global Positioning Systemquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25
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