Integrated Resource Package (2007), English Language Arts Grade 9: Active Readers Grades 7–9 Assessment Resource: Young Adolescents (2005)
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English Language Arts 7-9
February 2011
iiiATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAcknowledgments
The Council of Atlantic Ministers of Education and Training (CAMET) and the departments of education of
New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island gratefully acknowledge
the contribution of the regional English language arts common curriculum committee to the revised curriculum
guide. Committee members include the following:New Brunswick Prince Edward Island
Tiffany Bastin Cathy Montgomery
Jarmo Puiras
Newfoundland and Labrador CAMET
Jill Howlett Sylvie Martin
Nova Scotia
Barry Wilson
The Council of Atlantic Ministers of Education and Training (CAMET) and the departments of education of
New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island gratefully acknowledge the
following provinces for granting permission to use the resources listed below.British Columbia
English Language Arts Grade 7: Integrated Resource Package (2006), English Language Arts Grade 8:Integrated Resource Package (2007), English Language Arts Grade 9: Integrated Resource Package (2007).
Used with permission of British Columbia Ministry of Education.Nova Scotia
Teaching in Action, Grades 7-9: A Teaching Resource (2007). Adapted with permission from the Province of
Nova Scotia Department of Education.
Active Readers Grades 7-9 Assessment Resource: Young Adolescents (2005). Adapted with permission from
the Province of Nova Scotia Department of Education.Saskatchewan
English Language Arts 9 (2008). Used with permission of Saskatchewan Ministry of Education. ivATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSContents
List of Illustrations
Introduction to English 7-9 Language Arts
Background ................................................................................................................................3
The Atlantic Cananda English Language Arts Curriculum ....................................................3
Essential Graduation Learnings .............................................................................................4
Connections between Essential Graduation Learnings and Key-Stage Curriculum Outcomes ....4Purpose of the English 7-9 Curriculum Guide .......................................................................7
The Nature of English Language Arts ..........................................................................................7
Comprehension and Metacognition ......................................................................................8
Defi nition of Text..... .............................................................................................................8
An Effective English Language Arts Program .........................................................................9
Zone of Proximal Development ...............................................................................9
Gradual Release of Responsibility ...........................................................................10
Contexts for Learning and Teaching in English 7-9 ............................................................11
Principles Underlying the English Language Arts Curriculum ................................11Considerations for Program Delivery
The Learning Environment .......................................................................................................17
Developmental Characteristics of Adolescents .....................................................................17
Intellectual Development ........................................................................................17
Social Development ................................................................................................18
Physical Development .............................................................................................18
Emotional and Psychological Development .............................................................19
Moral Development ................................................................................................19
The Role of the Teacher ......................................................................................................20
Establishing Community in the English Language Arts Classroom......................................20
Meeting the Needs of All Students .............................................................................................22
Valuing Equity and Diversity ..............................................................................................22
Students with Exceptionalities ............................................................................................24
English as an Additional Language (EAL) Students ................................................25 Students with Language and Communication Challenges ......................................25Advanced Learners .................................................................................................26
Engaging All Students ........................................................................................................26
Student Learning Preferences .................................................................................27
Resource-Based Learning ...................................................................................................28
Differentiated Instruction...................................................................................................29
Differentiating by Content .....................................................................................29
Differentiating by Process .......................................................................................30
Differentiating by Product .....................................................................................31
Opportunities for Student Choice .............................................................31Differentiating the Learning Environment .............................................................32
xi viATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSA Framework for Balanced Instruction in English Language Arts ..................................................33
Selecting Strategies .................................................................................................................33
Workshop Approach ..............................................................................................................34
The Speaking and Listening Strand ........................................................................................35
Expectations for Speaking and Listening ...................................................................35
The Role of the Teacher ............................................................................................36
Organizing the Speaking and Listening Environment ..................................37 Organizing for Speaking and Listening Instruction ......................................37Speaking ................................................................................................38
Listening ...............................................................................................39
Focuses for the Strand ...............................................................................................40
The Reading and Viewing Strand ...........................................................................................42
Expectations for Reading and Viewing ......................................................................42
The Role of the Teacher ............................................................................................43
Organizing the Reading and Viewing Environment .....................................44 Organizing for Reading and Viewing Instruction .........................................44 Varying the Reading and Viewing Experience ..............................................47 Reading Workshop ................................................................................48Stages of Reading Development ...............................................................................48
Reading Strategies ........................................................................................49
Focuses for the Strand ..............................................................................................51
The Writing and Representing Strand ....................................................................................53
Expectations for Writing and Representing ...............................................................53
The Role of the Teacher ............................................................................................53
Organizing for Writing and Representing Instruction ..................................54 Writing Workshop .................................................................................55Focus Lessons ........................................................................................56
Expressive or Exploratory Writing .............................................................................56
Transactional Writing ................................................................................................57
Poetic Writing ...........................................................................................................57
Determining Purpose ................................................................................................58
Determining Audience ..............................................................................................58
Determining Form ....................................................................................................58
Text Forms ............................................................................................59
Representing .............................................................................................................61
Focuses for the Strand ...............................................................................................63
Organizing Learning Experiences for Students ..............................................................................65
The Workshop: A Framework for Instruction.........................................................................65
Time to Teach ...........................................................................................................66
Time to Practise and Develop....................................................................................67
Time to Share and Refl ect .........................................................................................69
Integrated Teaching and Learning ..........................................................................................72
Inquiry-Based Learning .............................................................................................72
viiATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSContent Elements ......................................................................................................................73
Literacy Learning ................................................................................................................73
Metacognition ........................................................................................................73
Developing Multiple Literacies ...............................................................................74
Media Literacy .................................................................................................74
Media Awareness .........................................................................................75
Critical Literacy .....................................................................................................76
Visual Literacy .......................................................................................................77
Information Literacy ..............................................................................................78
Areas of Text Inquiry in English 7-9 ....................................................................................79
Understanding Texts ............................................................................................................80
Responding to Texts ............................................................................................................81
Personal Responses .................................................................................................82
Critical Responses ..................................................................................................83
The Role of Literature .........................................................................................................84
Literary Genres ......................................................................................................85
Responding to Literature ........................................................................................88
Poetry ..............................................................................................................89
Drama .............................................................................................................89
Role-Play .....................................................................................................89
Readers Theatre ...........................................................................................90
Reader's Notebook ......................................................................................91
Online Interaction ......................................................................................91
Essays ..........................................................................................................91
Research as Inquiry .............................................................................................................91
The Role of the Teacher .........................................................................................92
Sharing Learning Resources ....................................................................................94
Stages of Inquiry ....................................................................................................95
Planning ..........................................................................................................95
Gathering Information .....................................................................................96
Interacting with Information ...........................................................................96
Synthesizing Information .................................................................................97
Assessment and Evaluation ...............................................................................97
The Processes of Writing ...................................................................................................100
Inquiry Strategies for Writing ...............................................................................102
Prewriting ......................................................................................................102
Drafting Strategies for Writing .............................................................................102
Organizing .....................................................................................................102
Drafting .........................................................................................................102
Product Strategies for Writing ..............................................................................103
Revising .........................................................................................................103
Publishing ......................................................................................................104
Conferring with Students .....................................................................................105
Content Conferences .....................................................................................105
Editing Conferences .......................................................................................106
Conference Prompts ......................................................................................107
viiiATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSAssessing and Evaluating Student Achievement
Introduction ................................................................................................................................111
Assessment ...................................................................................................................................111
Purposes of Assessment .........................................................................................................112
Assessment for Learning ...........................................................................................112
Assessment as Learning ............................................................................................113
Assessment of Learning .............................................................................................114
Designing Effective Assessments ............................................................................................114
Rubrics ..................................................................................................................................116
The Role of the Teacher ........................................................................................................117
Providing Feedback to Students ...............................................................................119
Assessment Planning Summary ................................................................................120
Involving Students in the Assessment Process ...........................................................122
Assessment Tools ...................................................................................................................122
Portfolios .................................................................................................................125
Tests and Examinations ............................................................................................125
Understanding the Student Achievement Standards .....................................................................126
Application of the Standards .................................................................................................126
Planning for Individual Instruction ..........................................................................126
Assessing Speaking and Listening .................................................................................................127
Assessing Reading and Viewing ....................................................................................................132
Assessing Writing and Representing .............................................................................................136
Using "Traits of Writing" Appropriate Indicators of Achievement .........................................138
Assessing Students' Responses to Text .........................................................................................139
Curriculum Outcomes
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................145
General Curriculum Outcomes (GCOs) .....................................................................................145
Key-Stage Curriculum Outcomes ...............................................................................................146
Specifi c Curriculum Outcomes (SCOs) ......................................................................................151
Speaking and Listening Overview .........................................................................................151
Reading and Viewing Overview ...........................................................................................154
Writing and Representing Overview .....................................................................................157
ixATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSGrade 7
Speaking and Listening Strand ..........................................................................................161
Framework .........................................................................................................163
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................164
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................165
Reading and Viewing Strand .............................................................................................171
Framework .........................................................................................................173
Reading Achievement Standards ...........................................................................174
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................175
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................176
Writing and Representing Strand ......................................................................................189
Framework ...........................................................................................................191
Writing Achievement Standards. ..........................................................................192
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................193
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................198
Grade 8
Speaking and Listening Strand ..........................................................................................207
Framework ...........................................................................................................209
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................210
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................211
Reading and Viewing Strand .............................................................................................217
Framework .........................................................................................................219
Reading Achievement Standards ...........................................................................220
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................221
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................223
Writing and Representing Strand ......................................................................................235
Framework ...........................................................................................................237
Writing Achievement Standards ...........................................................................238
Assessment Suggestions ........................................................................................239
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ............................................................................244
xATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSGrade 9
Speaking and Listening Strand ................................................................................................255
Framework ....................................................................................................................257
Assessment Suggestions .................................................................................................258
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ........................................................................................259
Reading and Viewing Strand ...................................................................................................265
Framework ....................................................................................................................267
Reading Achievement Standards ...................................................................................268
Assessment Suggestions .................................................................................................269
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ........................................................................................271
Writing and Representing Strand ............................................................................................283
Framework ....................................................................................................................285
Writing Achievement Standards ....................................................................................286
Assessment Suggestions .................................................................................................287
Curriculum Outcomes, Student Achievement Standards, and Suggestions forLearning and Teaching ........................................................................................292
Appendices
A - Speaking and Listening ...........................................................................................................305
B - Reading and Viewing ..............................................................................................................329
C - Writing and Representing .......................................................................................................367
D - Planning for Balanced Instruction in English Language Arts ..................................................395
E - Overview of Grades 6-10 SCOs .............................................................................................401
Glossary of Terms
Glossary of Terms...........................................................................................................................413
Bibliography
References for English 7-9 .............................................................................................................431
IndexIndex of Terms................ ..............................................................................................................437
xiATLANTIC CANADA ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS CURRICULUM GRADES 7-9CONTENTSFigure 1: The Nature of English Language Arts ..................................................................................8
Figure 2: Gradual Release of Responsibililty .....................................................................................10
Figure 3: The Nature of English Language Arts ................................................................................33
Figure 4: Level of Teacher Support ...................................................................................................62
Figure 5: Workshop as a Framework for Instruction .........................................................................65
Figure 6: Stages of Inquiry ...............................................................................................................99
Figure 7: Processes of Writing ........................................................................................................101
Figure 8: Reading Workshop .........................................................................................................335
Figure 9: Writing Workshop ..........................................................................................................373
Figures
Tables
Table 1: Key-Stage Curriculum Outcomes .......................................................................................5
Table 2: What English Language Arts Is/Is Not .............................................................................13
Table 3: Types of Listening .............................................................................................................39
Table 4: Focuses for Speaking and Listening ...................................................................................40
Table 5: Characteristics of Effective Vocabulary Instruction ...........................................................45
Table 6: Stages of Reading Development ........................................................................................49
Table 7: Reading Comprehension Strategies ...................................................................................50
Table 8: Focuses for Reading and Viewing .....................................................................................51
Table 9: Focuses for Writing and Representing ...............................................................................63
Table 10: Learning Experiences .......................................................................................................71
Table 11: Specifi c Areas of Text Inquiry ..........................................................................................79
Table 12: Personal Responses to Text ...............................................................................................82
Table 13: Literary Genres ................................................................................................................87
Table 14: Writing Conference Prompts .........................................................................................107
Table 15: The Role of the Teacher in Assessing Student Learning ..................................................118
Table 16: Assessment Planning Summary ......................................................................................120
Table 17: Assessment Tools ...........................................................................................................123
Table 18: Criteria for an Effective Speaker and Listener ................................................................130
Table 19: Suggestions for Support for Speaking and Listening ......................................................131
Table 20: Assessment Strategies for Reading and Viewing .............................................................133
Table 21: Criteria for an Effective Reader and Viewer ...................................................................134
Table 22: Suggestions for Support for Reading and Viewing .........................................................135
Table 23: Assessing Writing Using "Traits of Writing" ...................................................................138
Table 24: Criteria for an Effective Writer and Representer .............................................................139
Table 25: Suggestions for Support for Writing and Representing ...................................................141
Table 26: Information Text Patterns ..............................................................................................333
Table 27: Approaches to Documentation of Reading and Learning ...............................................338
Table 28: Traits of Writing ............................................................................................................369
Table 29: Writing Processes...... .....................................................................................................370
Table 30: Planning for Balanced Instruction in English Language Arts..........................................396
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