[PDF] [PDF] The Saylor Foundation Saylororg The Political Impact of the

Soon after the Catholic Church deemed Martin Luther a “protestant,” reading, however, will concentrate on those areas where the Reformation was the most The episode was equally significant because of how Luther responded to it



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[PDF] The Saylor Foundation Saylororg The Political Impact of the

Soon after the Catholic Church deemed Martin Luther a “protestant,” reading, however, will concentrate on those areas where the Reformation was the most The episode was equally significant because of how Luther responded to it



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Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/hist103 Subunit 3.2.1

The Saylor Foundation Saylor.org

Page 1 of 4

The Political Impact of the Reformation

The massive turmoil that the Reformation caused had a lasting impact on

European politics. Soon after the Catholic

Europe became divided along confessional, as well as territorial, lines. The religious turmoil of the period led to warfare within most states and between many. This warfare, especially rom 1618 to 1648, decimated Europe. While many areas in Europe were engulfed in warfare throughout much of this period, some countries enjoyed peace and were not much affected by the Reformation. In Poland, for instance, while the king and much of the gentry were sympathetic to Protestant (usually Calvinist) ideals, and Protestants were tolerated, the Catholic Church remained ascendant without recourse to violent struggle or the Inquisition. This reading, however, will concentrate on those areas where the Reformation was the most fiercely contested.

Lutherans and the Holy Roman Empire

In 1530 the Protestant princes in the Holy Roman Empire formed an alliance called the Schmalkaldic League to protect themselves against Emperor Charles V, who was Catholic. After a period of tenuous peace, war broke out in 1546. In the first phase of the war, the Holy Roman Empire crushed the Schmalkaldic League, but France sided with the League in the second phase because the French were worried about the balance of power in Europe. In 1555 the war ended in a stalemate, and the combatants signed the Peace of Augsburg. The most crucial part of the treaty was cuius regio eius religio meaning that whatever political entity controlled an area had the right to decide what religion that area would follow. This framework only permitted Lutheran and Catholic states; Calvinist states were still not permitted, even though Calvinism had become widespread in some parts of Europe. The Peace of Augsburg was only intended to be temporary, but it split Germany until its unification in the 1860s. -ranging and sometimes unintended consequences, however, and these consequences were not always in the realm of politics. In particular, teachings were used as part of the justification for the the French Revolution in 1789. The revolt took place in southern and central Germany from February to May 1525. By April 1525, there were over 300,000 peasants in arms. In the end, however, the peasants were doomed to failure. They were not militarily adept like their opponents. Many of the peasants fought with swords against trained soldiers who had horses and guns. They were therefore easily crushed by a fairly small army of princes, who had more money and experience; at the Battle of Frankenhausen, for instance, several thousand peasants were killed by a superior noble army. the size of their uprising shocked many The episode was equally significant because of how Luther responded to it. them to use peaceful

Saylor URL: www.saylor.org/hist103 Subunit 3.2.1

The Saylor Foundation Saylor.org

Page 2 of 4

methods, as the revolt grew more fevered he spoke out harshly against it. As the nobles WKH5REELQJDQG0XUGHULQJ3HDVDQW+RUGHVquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25