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Atmel® ATmega328P has an on-chip brown-out detection (BOD) circuit for monitoring the VCC level during operation by comparing it to a fixed trigger level

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NEEDED CIRCUITRY: USING THE INTERNAL OSCILLATOR ▻ Atmega328 comes with an internal 8MHz oscillator that can minimize the required circuit to a  

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lator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit ATmega88PA, ATmega168PA and ATmega328P support a real Read-While-Write Self-Pro-

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MICROCONTROLLERS

Maurício Féo

m.feo@cern.ch

CERN/Nikhef

OBJECTIVES

fUnderstand what are microcontrollers. fWhat are they? fWhat are they used for? fHow do they work? fHow can I use them? fAre they suitable for my project? fExample of applications. fHave an overview of the lab 10.

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

2 3 fCPU fMemories fI/O Interfaces fEtc.

Microcontroller

CPU

Memory

Input Output

Input Output

Output Input

WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

Tiny computer

integrated in the same chip.

WHAT IS A MICROCONTROLLER?

fTiny computers integrated in a single chip fCPU, Memories and Peripherals in the same chip.

Main differences w.r.t. a computer:

fSuitable for embedded applications. fLow cost (ATtiny: ~$0.27) fLow power consumption (ATtiny43U: 0.15uA in Sleep Mode) fReduced clock frequency (~ dozens of MHz) fStand-alone devices (Some require only power to work) fLow level control of your application. 4

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

WHAT ARE THEY USED FOR?

fMonitoring fData Acqusition fControl fApplications where: fHigh performance is not required. fOther devices are inadequate (overkill) due to: fHigh power consumption fneed of external memories and peripherals fcost fetc. 5

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

6

WHERE ARE THEY USED?

fEverywhere! fConsumer electronics, home appliances, toys, vehicles, computers, hobbyist projects, etc. fAccording to wikipedia trusted sources, a typical mid-range automobile has as many as 30 or more microcontrollers. fAccording to me an even more trusted source, you have at least one in your pocket right now.

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

WHERE ARE THEY USED?

7 8

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

9

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

AVR

ARCHITECTURE

(ATMEGA328P)

The one used on the lab.

10

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

AVR

ARCHITECTURE

(ATMEGA328P)

The one used on the lab.

11

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

12 AVR

ARCHITECTURE

(ATMEGA328P)

The one used on the lab.

f8 bits architecture f32kB Flash program memory f2kB RAM f2kB EEPROM fMax 20MHz f6 x PWM f6 x ADC channels (10bits) f23 I/O pins f3 timers (2x8 bits 1x16 bits) f1x USART f1x SPI f1x TWI (I2C) f0.6mA/MHz

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

13 AVR

ARCHITECTURE

(ATMEGA328P)

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

AVR CPU

fHarvard Architecture f8 bits architecture (with 16bits for instructions) fInstructions executed 8 bits by 8 bits fReduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) (~130 instructions) fUp to 20 MIPS at 20 MHz (1 instruction / clock cycle) 14

CPU Program

Memory

Data

Memory

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

15 AVR

ARCHITECTURE

(ATMEGA328P)

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT/OUTPUT

(GPIO) fPins programmable as Input and Output fRead / Write digital signals fControlled by 3 registers: fDDR (Data Direction Register) fPORT JOHUH \RX RULPH ROHQ LP·V output) fPIN JOHUH \RX UHMG ROHQ LP·V input) 16

DDR reg

PORT reg

PIN reg

D A T A B U S Pin

Maurício Féo ² ISOTDAQ 2019

INTERRUPT

fInterrupts break the program flow to handle some event. fIt may be triggered by: fPin change (rise/fall/toggle) fTimers / Counters fAnalog Comparator fADC reading donequotesdbs_dbs3.pdfusesText_6