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Texas is one of only two states with coordinate “supreme” courts: the Supreme Court of Texas, for civil and juvenile- delinquency cases, and the Court of Criminal 

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Supreme Court and

Court of Criminal Appeals

Texas is one of

only two states with coordinate

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the Supreme

Court of Texas,

for civil and juvenile- delinquency cases, and the Court of

Criminal Appeals, the last-resort court

for criminal matters. Each court has nine members elected statewide. Both are discretionary courts, generally taking only cases with legal rulings decided differently by courts of appeals, cases with statewide implications and unsettled constitutional issues. The

Court of Criminal Appeals decides all

death-penalty appeals. Only cases with federal constitutional questions or federal law issues can be appealed from either court to the U.S. Supreme

Court.

INTERMEDIATE

APPELLATE COURTS

Courts of Appeals

appellate courts decide cases from county courts at law and district courts in 14 districts. These appellate courts hear criminal and civil cases. Texas has 80 justices for the courts of appeals, each elected by voters in the counties in their districts. These courts range from three justices in

Eastland, El Paso, Texarkana,

Tyler and Waco to 12 in Dallas. These

intermediate courts hear appeals in three-judge panels. Two appeals courts in Houston share the same six-county region as their districts ² the only appeals courts with duplicate districts.

Supreme Court

Building

Very limited direct appeals

TRIAL-LEVEL

GENERAL JURISDICTION

COURTS

AND COUNTY COURTS

Each county has a

district court, the trial courts of general jurisdiction in Texas.

District courts hear

divorce, felony crimes, disputes over land ownership and civil cases without limit on the total damages claimed. In 84 counties that have county courts at law, these courts generally have more limited jurisdiction than district courts ² misdemeanor crimes and lawsuits over smaller amounts (usually up to $100,000).

Appeals from both district and county

courts generally go directly to the state courts of appeals, but death-penalty cases are reviewed directly by the Court of Criminal Appeals. Each county has a ³ŃRQVPLPXPLRQMO´ ŃRXQP\ ŃRXUP POMP ŃMQ decide uncontested probates, lawsuits involving up to $10,000, juvenile crimes and misdemeanors.

Historic Hill County Court

House

TRIAL-LEVEL

LIMITED JURISDICTION

COURTS

Municipal courts

Most small cities in

Texas, as well as all

larger ones, have municipal courts.

These trial courts

hear traffic, municipal code violations and small claims, usually no more than $10,000.

Texas has municipal courts in 913 cities.

Appeals from city and JP courts go to

county or district courts.

San Antonio

Municipal Courts

Justice of the

peace courts

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all Texas counties, one in each precinct. These courts decide misdemeanor crimes, traffic violations and small claims. They are often in shopping centers or small offices in each county precinct. Texas has 821 justice courts.

Coke County

Precinct 2

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