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BH13
UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE
ELIMINATIONOFWASTESERIES
RECOMMENDED
MUMREQUIREMENTS
FORPLUMBING
REPORTOF
SUBCOMMITTEEONPLUMBINGOFTHE
BUILDINGCODECOMMITTEE
BUREAUOFSTANDARDS
UNITEDSTATES.
GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE
WASHINGTON
-,1923
UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE
WILLIAMF.WHITING,SECRETARY
ELIMINATIONOFWASTESERIES
RECOMMENDED
MINIMUMREQUIREMENTS
FORPLUMBING
REPORTOF
SUBCOMMITTEEONPLUMBINGOFTHE
BUILDINGCODECOMMITTEE
REVISEDAUGUST30,1928
GEORGEC.WHIPPLE,Chairman
HARRYY.CARSONAUGUSTE.HANSEN
WILLIAMC.GROENIGERJ.L.MURPHY
R.B.HUNTER,InChargeofTests
BUREAUOFSTANDARDS
PRICE35CENTS
Washington,D.C.
UNITEDSTATES
GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE
WASHINGTON
3929
PREFACE
typesofbuildings, n
CONTENTS
PARTI - INTRODUCTION - GENERALCONSIDERATIONS
PageModeofprocedure2
Tentativereport3
Revisionoffinalreport4
Localconditions4
Acknowledgment4
Chapter1. - Regulationofplumbing5
Definitionofplumbing5
Relationofplumbingtohealth5
Publiccontrolofplumbingjustifiable7
Legalprinciples8
Chapter2. - Presentstatusofplumbingregulations_11
Supervisionofplumbinginspection12
Conclusionsbasedonscientificprocedure12
Chapter3. - Basicplumbingprinciples13
PARTII.CHAPTER4 - RECOMMENDEDPLUMBINGCODE
ArticleI. - Definitionsofterms18
Sec.1.Plumbing18
Sec.2.Plumbingsystem18
Sec.3.Water-servicepipe18
Sec.4.Water-distributionpipes18
Sec.5.Plumbingfixtures18
Sec.6.Trap18
Sec.7.Trapseal18
Sec.8.Ventpipe18
Sec.9.Localventilatingpipe18
Sec.10.Soilpipe18
Sec.11.Wastepipeandspecialwaste18
Sec.12.Main19
Sec.13.Branch19
Sec.14.Stack19
Sec.15.Housedrain19
Sec.16.Housesewer19
Sec.17.Sizeandlength19
Sec.18.Deadend19
ArticleII. - Generalregulations20
Sec.19.Gradesofhorizontalpiping_20
Sec.20.Changeindirection20
Sec.21.Prohibitedfittings20
Sec.22.Deadends20
Sec.23.Protectionofmaterial20
Sec.24.Workmanship20
Sec.25.Installationofplumbingbyowner20
in
IVCONTENTS
Page
ArticleIII. - Qualityandweightsofmaterials21
Sec.26.Materials,qualityof21
Sec.27.Label,castorstamped-21
Sec.28.Vitrifiedclaypipe21
Sec.29.Cast-ironpipe21
Sec.30.Wrought-ironpipe21
Sec.31.Mild-steelpipe21
Sec.32.Brassandcopperpipe
*21
Sec.33.Leadpipe,diameter,weights21
Sec.34.Sheetlead22
Sec.35.Sheetcopperorbrass22
Sec.36.Galvanizedsheetiron22
Sec.37.Threadedfittings22
Sec.38.Calkingferrules22
Sec.39.Solderingnipplesandbushings23
Sec.40.Floorflangesforwater-closets23
ArticleIV. - Jointsandconnections24
Sec.41.Waterandair-tightjoints24
Sec.42.Vitrifiedpipe24
Sec.43.Calkedjoints24
Sec.44.Screwjoints24
Sec.45.Castiron24
Sec.47.Leadpipe24
Sec.49.Slipjointsandunions24
Sec.50.Roofjoints24
connections24
Sec.52.Increasersandreducers25
Sec.53.Prohibitedjointsandconnections25
Sec.54.Expansionbolts25
Sec.55.Newmaterials25
ArticleV. - Trapsandcleanouts26
Sec.56.Traps,kindandminimumsize26
Sec.57.Traps,prohibited26
Sec.58.Traps,whererequired26
Sec.59.Waterseal26
Sec.60.Trapcleanouts26
Sec.61.Traplevelsandprotection27
Sec.62.Pipecleanouts27
Sec.63.Pipecleanouts,whererequired27
Sec.64.Manholes27
Sec.65.Cleanouts;equivalents27
Sec.66.Greasetraps27
Sec.67.Sandtraps27
Sec.68.Basementfloordrains27
Sec.69.Back-watervalves27
ArticleVI. - Watersupplyanddistribution28
Sec.70.Qualityofwater28
Sec.71.Distribution28
Sec.72.Waterservice28
Sec.73.Watersupplytofixtures28
CONTENTSV
ArticleVI. - Watersupplyanddistribution - Continued.Page
Sec.74.Sizeofwater-supplypipes28
Sec.75.Water-supplycontrol28
Sec.76.Water-supplypipesandfittings - material29
Sec.77.Water-supplyprotection29
Sec.78.Reliefvalves29
Sec.79.Pumpsandhydrants29
ArticleVII. - Plumbingfixtures30
Sec.80.Materials30
Sec.81.Howinstalled30
Sec.82.Water-closetbowls30
Sec.83.Frost-proofclosets - wherepermitted30
Sec.84.Fixturesprohibited30
Sec.85.Floordrainsandshowerdrains30
Sec.86.Fixturestrainers30
Sec.87.Fixtureoverflow30
ArticleVIII. - Ventilationofroomsandfixtures31
Sec.88.Locationoffixtures31
Sec.89.Ventilatingpipe,howconnected31
ArticleIX. - Soil,waste,andventpipes32
Sec.90.Material32
Sec.91.Fixtureunit32
Sec.92.Soilandwastestacks32
Sec.94.Changingsoilandventpipes33
Sec.95.Prohibitedconnections33
Sec.96.Soilandwastepipeprotected33
Sec.97.Roofextensions33
Sec.98.Terminals33
Sec.99.Terminalsadjoininghighbuildings33
Sec.100.Trapsprotected,vents33
Sec.101.Distanceofventfromtrapseal34
Sec.102.Mainvents,toconnectatbase34
Sec.103.Vents,requiredsizes34
Sec.104.Branchandindividualvents35
Sec.105.Vent-pipegradesandconnections35
Sec.106.Circuitandloopvents35
Sec.107.Ventsnotrequired35
ArticleX. - Housedrainsandsewers36
Sec.108.Independentsystem36
Sec.109.Oldhousesewersanddrains36
Sec.110.Connectionswithcesspools36
Sec.111.Excavations36
Sec.112.Housedrainsunderground36
Sec.113.Material37
Sec.114.Depthofdrainsandsewers37
Sec.117.Plousesewerinmadeground38
Sec.118.Drainagebelowsewerlevel38
Sec.119.Sumpsandreceivingtanks38
Sec.120.Ejectors,vented38
Sec.121.Motors,compressors,etc39
Sec.122.Ejectorsforsubsoildrainage39
VICONTENTS
Page
ArticleXI. - Storm-waterdrains40
Sec.123.Drainageofyards,areas,androofs40
Sec.124.Sizeofguttersandleaders^40
Sec.125.Insideconductors40
Sec.126.Outsideconductors40
Sec.127.Defectiveconductorpipes41
Sec.129.Overflows41
Sec.131.Subsoildrainsbelowsewerlevel41
ArticleXII. - Refrigerator,safe,andspecialwastes42
Sec.132.Fixturespermittedtoconnect42
Sec.133.Refrigeratorwastes42
Sec.134.Overflowpipesandmotorexhausts42
ArticleXIII. - Maintenance43
Sec.135.Defectivefixtures43
Sec.136.Temporarytoiletfacilities43
ArticleXIV. - Inspectionsandtests44
Sec.137.Inspections44
Sec.138.Notification44
Sec.139.Materialandlaborfortests44
Sec.140.Systemtests44
Sec.141.Methodsoftesting44
()Watertest44 ()Airtest45 (c)Finalairtest45
Sec.142.Orderoftests45
Sec.143.Coveringofwork45
Sec.144.Uncoveringofwork45
Sec.145.Defectivework46
Sec.146.Housesewerandhousedraintests^46
Sec.147.Conductorpipes46
Sec.148.Stableandstable-yarddraintest46
Sec.149.Garageanddrainagesystem46
Sec.150.Testofwaterdistributionsystem46
Sec.151.Certificateofapproval46
Sec.152.Airtestofdefectiveplumbing46
Sec.153.Inspectionsandtestsnotrequired46
PARTHI. - EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONS,STANDARDIZATION,AD-
MINISTRATIONANDCOMMENTS
Chapter5. - Experimentalinvestigations47
Unitoffixturedischarge48Water-closets48
Peakloadsinhousedrainagesystems49
Capacitiesofhousedrains50
Capacitiesofsoilstacks50
Ventrequirements52
Admissionofstormwater52
Runningtrap53
Effectofwindblowingoverstacktops54
CONTENTSVII
Chapter5. - Experimentalinvestigations - Continued.Page
Frostclosureofthestacktops54
Siphonageoffixturetraps54
Resealingorantisiphontraps55
Unventedhorizontalbranchwastepipes56
Ventingofbranchwastes57
Separatetrapventingnotnecessary57
The3-inchsoilstack58
Concreteexamplesofventrequirements58
Factorsofsafety59
Planningforsimplicity59
Chapter6. - Physicsofplumbingsystems.Reportofexperimentaland theoreticalinvestigations60
Purposeandmethodofinvestigations60
Ratesofdischargefromplumbingfixtures63
Apparatusemployed63
Water-closets73
Interpretationanddiscussionofresults79
Fixtures,otherthanwater-closets85
Methodofprobabilities91
Overlappingdischarges92
Mixedsystems94
Timefactors•_94
Capacitiesofstacksanddrains99
Drains.99
Stacks101
Basefittings103
Spiralflow105
Velocityofflow1105
Ventrequirements109
Pressureeffects110
Pressureeffectsinastack-ventedsystem114
Partialvacuumsandventrequirements115
Backpressuresandventrequirements120
Self-siphonageandventrequirements122
Modifyingconditions124
Heavyrains124
Submergeddrains126
Housetraps126
Offsetsinstacks127
Winds127
Frostclosure129
Floordrains129
Siphonageoffixturetraps129
Self-siphonage130
pipes138
Resealingtraps141
Backventing142
Recommendations"146
VIIICONTENTS
Chapter6. - Physicsofplumbingsystems - Continued.Page
Establishmentofafactorofsafety147
Limitsofservicefora3-inchsoilstack148
Increasedbymethodsofconstruction148
Simplificationofplumbingconstruction151
Separatefloorlayoutstested152
Testsofcompleteplumbinginstallations159
Criticaltests159
Testconditions161
Notation163
TestinstallationNo.1164
Conclusions167
TestinstallationNo.2168
TestinstallationNo.3173
Generalconclusions176
Recommendedconstructiondetails177
Chapter7. - Sizesofsoil,waste,andventpipesinplumbingsystems188
Introduction188
Estimatedpeakloadinplumbingstacks191
Sizesofhorizontaldrains194
Sizesofventpipes198
Chapter8. - Standardizationofplumbingmaterials206
Chapter9. - Administration208
Theplumbingbusiness208
Enforcementofplumbingregulations209
Theownerandhisagents209
Theplumber209
Properadministrativeauthority209
Stateplumbinglaws210
Licensesv.certificatesofcompetency211
Chapter10. - Explanatorynotesandcomments212
Note1.Dataobtainedbyquestionnaire212
Note2.Purityofwatersupply212
Note3.Dualsourcesofwatersupply212
Note4.Adequacyofwatersupply213
Note6.Desirabilityofsewerconnections214
Note7.Provisionofwater-closets214
Note8.Fixturedesign214
Note10.Usefullifeofsystem216
Note11.Limitationstotheuseofcleanouts217
Note12.Trappingoffixtures217
Note13.Grease-traprequirements217
Note14.Aircirculationinplumbing218
Note15.Simultaneousdischarges218
CONTENTSIX
Chapter10. - Explanatorynotesandcomments - Continued.Page
Note18.Sewagedisposal219
Note19.Omissionofthemainhousetrap_220
Note21.Three-inchsoilstacks221
Note22.Vitrifiedclaypipe222
Note23.Sizesofdistributionpipe222
Note24.Cast-ironpipe223
Note25.Simplificationandcostreduction223
PARTIV. - APPENDICES
AppendixA. - Minorityreport225
Replytominorityreport226
AppendixB. - Corrosionofmetalsinplumbingsystems228
1.Therustingofpureironinpurewater228
7.Thecorrosionofironinair237
Practicalconsiderations238
Bibliographyofcorrosion240
AppendixC. - Astudyofaircurrentsinahorizontalwastepipe241
Descriptionofapparatus242
Eddycurrents!243
Diffusion244
Carbondioxideexperiments245
Evaporationofwater249
Convectioncurrents249
AppendixD. - StandardspecificationsoftheAmericanSocietyforTest- ingMaterials253
Claysewerpipe253
Cast-ironsoilpipeandfittings263
Weldedwrought-ironpipe266
Weldedandseamlesssteelpipe270
Brasspipe,standardsizes274
Copperpipe,standardsizes277
TABLES
1.Ratesofdischargefromplumbingfixtures91
4.Capacitiesofcast-irondrains,etc100
6.Volumeofairtransmitted,etc120
ofequaldiameter120 safe,etc-141
XCONTENTS
Page installation,etc161
13.Stackcapacitiesforonefloororlevel191
14.Sizesofsoilandwastestacks194
16.Heightsofstacksystems201
17.Lengthofventforsoilandwastestacks204
FIGURES
tusfacing63 time)65 andstack102 rateofwater66gallonsperminute111 gallonsperminute111
44.Recordingpressuregauge112
45.Maximumandminimumpressuregauge113
inaplumbingsystem115 lonsperminute116 lonsperminute117 lonsperminute118 orwastestacksofknowncapacity123
51.Experimentalrainleadersystem125
52.Submergedoutfallofhousesewer127
53.Ventedrunningtrap127
self-siphonage132
CONTENTSXI
Pago siphonage135 inclinedwastepipes138 andscour139 velocityandscour.140 fromclogging144 tected._145 capacityofasystem149 rooms150
70.Illustration,crowfootfittings154
locationoffixtures165
76.Returnbendusedinhousesewer166
locationoffixtures169 highestgroupoffixturesonthestack)177 forFigure82179
85.Approveddesignforlowerfloor181
94.Relationbetweensoilandventstack200
95.Ventchartfor3-inchsoilstack202
96.Ventchartfor4-inchsoilstack202
97.Ventchartfor5-inchsoilstack - 203
98.Ventchartfor6-inchsoilstack203
XIICONTENTS
Page99.
Ventchartfor8-inchsoilstack204
wastepipes242 forceddraft.)246 instack,180ft./min.)246 forceddraft.)247 noforceddraft.)247 lOOft./min.)250
LETTERSOFSUBMITTAL
Washington,October10,1923.
Mr.IraH.Woolson,
Chairman,BuildingCodeCommittee,
quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23
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