8 Motivation from JEP 110 * JEP - JDK Enhancement-Proposal The existing Package jdk incubator http • Class jdk incubator http HttpClient
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Java11HTTPClient
SafeHarborStatement
21. RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient2. APIIntroduction3. Handlingrequest/responsedataJava11HTTPClient
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1. Whyarewedoingthis?2. Howlongdoesittake?3. Whatarethebenefits?RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient
MotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalTheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.
MotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalTheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.
MotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalTheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.
MotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalTheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract• Itishardtouse,andhasmanyundocumentedbehaviors• Itworksinblockingmodeonly(i.e.,onethreadperrequest/response).
MotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalMotivationfromJEP110
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalIncubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalIncubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient
Incubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalIncubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalIncubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
Incubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient
Incubation
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient• RefreshedinJDK10• Improvedandmorerobustimplementation• APIchanges,developerfeedbackandadditionalexperience
Standardization
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• IncubatingversioncompletelyREMOVED
Standardization
DEMOBenefits
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-ProposalJEP110Goals:• SupportHTTP/2• ProvideAsynchronousAPI• ModernizedAPI(usingnewerJavaAPIsandlanguagefeatures)• SupportWebSockethandshake• ...
Benefits:HTTP/2• HeaderCompression.HTTP/2usesHPACKcompression,whichreducesoverhead.• SingleConnectiontotheserver,reducesthenumberofroundtripsneededtosetupmultipleTCPconnections.• Multiplexing.Multiplerequestsareallowedatthesametime,onthesameconnection.• ServerPush.Additionalfutureneededresourcescanbesenttoaclient.• Binaryformat.Morecompact.
Benefits:HTTP/2VersionsupportintheJavaHTTPClient:• HTTP/1.1andHTTP/2• PrefersHTTP/2,bydefault• TriestoUpgradecleartextrequests• Triestonegotiateh2intheALPNforHTTPoverTLS(TLS1.3support,leveragesfromJDK11)
Benefits:Modernization• AsynchronousAPI
• java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture • Followsfamiliarbuilderstyle• Immutabletypes• Reactive-Streamsbasedbodyprocessing • java.util.concurrent.Flow.[Subscriber|Publisher]1. WheretofindtheAPI?2. Howtosendarequest?3. Howtohandlerequest/responsebody?IntroductiontotheJava11HTTPClient
TheJavaHTTPClient
*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• PartoftheJavaSEPlatform• ClassesandtypesarevisiblejustlikeanyothersJavaSE• Modularapplicationcodeshould`requirejava.net.http`
HttpClientTosendarequest,firstcreateanHttpClientfromitsbuilder.Thebuildercanbeusedtoconfigureper-clientstate,like:• Thepreferredprotocolversion(HTTP/1.1orHTTP/2)• Whethertofollowredirects• Aproxy• Anauthenticator• Aconnecttimeout• ...
HttpClient
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder()
.version(Version.HTTP_2) .followRedirects(Redirect.NORMAL) .proxy(ProxySelector.of(new InetSocketAddress("proxy",80))) .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20)) .build();HttpRequestAnHttpRequestiscreatedfromitsbuilder.Therequestbuildercanbeusedtoset:• therequestURI• therequestmethod(GET,PUT,POST)• therequestbody(ifany)• arequesttimeout• requestheaders
HttpRequest
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1)) .header("Content-Type", "application/json") .build() • OncebuiltanHttpRequestisimmutable,andcanbesentmultipletimes.HttpResponse
interface HttpResponse
SynchronousorAsynchronous• Requestscanbesenteithersynchronouslyorasynchronously.• ThesynchronousAPI,asexpected,blocksuntiltheHttpResponse<#Body_Type#> isavailable.• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsa
Synchronous
HttpResponseSystem.out.println(response.body());
• BodyHandlers.ofString()isafactorythatcreatesbodyhandlerthataccumulatestheresponsebodybytesandreturnsthemasaString.
Asynchronous
client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.
Asynchronous
client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.
Asynchronous
client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.
Asynchronous
client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.
Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.
ClassicProducer-Consumer
ProducerConsumerremoves itemsgenerates itemsbuffer size?Reactive-streams(40
th footview)ProducerConsumerremoves itemsgenerates items
Reactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherConsumerremoves itemspublishes items
Reactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
Reactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishesitems
subscribe(subscriber)Reactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
Reactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscribesReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscribessubscription subscriptionReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscriptionReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscription request n itemsReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscription request n itemsat most n items1......nReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscriptionReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscription publisher has no more itemsReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscriptionReactive-streams(40
th footview)PublisherSubscriberreceives itemspublishes items
subscription publisher has an errorThrowable t
Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.• TheBodyHandlerinterfaceallowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived,andisresponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.
HttpRequest.BodyPublisher
class HttpRequest { ... interface BodyPublisher extends Flow.Publisher
• BodyPubishers::ofByteArray(byte[])• BodyPubishers::ofByteArrays(Iterable
HttpResponse.BodyHandler
class HttpResponse
• Allowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived• ResponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.
HttpResponse.BodySubscriber
class HttpResponse> { CompletionStage
• BodyHandlers::ofByteArray()• BodyHandlers::ofFile()• BodyHandlers::ofString()• BodyHandlers::ofInputStream()• BodyHandlers::replacing(U replacementValue)• BodyHandlers::discarding()• BodyHandlers::buffering(...)• ...
Puttingitalltogether
someexamples...SynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString
AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString
AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaFile
1. HowtowriteacustomresponseBodySubscriber.2. Interoperabilitywithotherreactivestreamsimplementations.Handlingresponsedata
WritingacustomresponseBodySubscriber
demoInteroperabilitywithreactivestreams
• HttpResponse• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber, Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::ofPublisher()• HttpRequest• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher)• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher, long cl)
Summary
TheHTTPClient• ReplacementfortheURLConnectionAPI• IncubatedinJDK9;RefreshedinJDK10;StandardizedinJava11• CodeusingtheincubatedversionwillneedtobeupdatedalittleforJava11(jdk.incubator.http -> java.net.http )• SmallcompactAPI• UsesmodernJavalanguageandAPIfeatures,• Generics,lambdas,CompletableFuture,Reactive-streams• LearnedabouthowreactivestreamsareusedbytheHTTPClient• Interoperabilitywithexistingreactivestreamsimplementations
NextSteps
• Downloadnow:www.oracle.com/javadownload• JointheOpenJDK:openjdk.java.net• FollowusonTwitter:@OpenJDK,#Java11,oratmytwitterhandle@chegar999