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8 Motivation from JEP 110 * JEP - JDK Enhancement-Proposal The existing Package jdk incubator http • Class jdk incubator http HttpClient 



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Java11HTTPClient

SafeHarborStatement

2

1. RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient2. APIIntroduction3. Handlingrequest/responsedataJava11HTTPClient

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1. Whyarewedoingthis?2. Howlongdoesittake?3. Whatarethebenefits?RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract• Itishardtouse,andhasmanyundocumentedbehaviors• Itworksinblockingmodeonly(i.e.,onethreadperrequest/response).

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient• RefreshedinJDK10• Improvedandmorerobustimplementation• APIchanges,developerfeedbackandadditionalexperience

Standardization

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• IncubatingversioncompletelyREMOVED

Standardization

DEMO

Benefits

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

JEP110Goals:• SupportHTTP/2• ProvideAsynchronousAPI• ModernizedAPI(usingnewerJavaAPIsandlanguagefeatures)• SupportWebSockethandshake• ...

Benefits:HTTP/2• HeaderCompression.HTTP/2usesHPACKcompression,whichreducesoverhead.• SingleConnectiontotheserver,reducesthenumberofroundtripsneededtosetupmultipleTCPconnections.• Multiplexing.Multiplerequestsareallowedatthesametime,onthesameconnection.• ServerPush.Additionalfutureneededresourcescanbesenttoaclient.• Binaryformat.Morecompact.

Benefits:HTTP/2VersionsupportintheJavaHTTPClient:• HTTP/1.1andHTTP/2• PrefersHTTP/2,bydefault• TriestoUpgradecleartextrequests• Triestonegotiateh2intheALPNforHTTPoverTLS(TLS1.3support,leveragesfromJDK11)

Benefits:Modernization• AsynchronousAPI

• java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture • Followsfamiliarbuilderstyle• Immutabletypes• Reactive-Streamsbasedbodyprocessing • java.util.concurrent.Flow.[Subscriber|Publisher]

1. WheretofindtheAPI?2. Howtosendarequest?3. Howtohandlerequest/responsebody?IntroductiontotheJava11HTTPClient

TheJavaHTTPClient

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• PartoftheJavaSEPlatform• ClassesandtypesarevisiblejustlikeanyothersJavaSE• Modularapplicationcodeshould`requirejava.net.http`

HttpClientTosendarequest,firstcreateanHttpClientfromitsbuilder.Thebuildercanbeusedtoconfigureper-clientstate,like:• Thepreferredprotocolversion(HTTP/1.1orHTTP/2)• Whethertofollowredirects• Aproxy• Anauthenticator• Aconnecttimeout• ...

HttpClient

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder()

.version(Version.HTTP_2) .followRedirects(Redirect.NORMAL) .proxy(ProxySelector.of(new InetSocketAddress("proxy",80))) .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20)) .build();

HttpRequestAnHttpRequestiscreatedfromitsbuilder.Therequestbuildercanbeusedtoset:• therequestURI• therequestmethod(GET,PUT,POST)• therequestbody(ifany)• arequesttimeout• requestheaders

HttpRequest

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

.timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1)) .header("Content-Type", "application/json") .build() • OncebuiltanHttpRequestisimmutable,andcanbesentmultipletimes.

HttpResponse

interface HttpResponse { int statusCode(); HttpHeaders headers(); T body(); Version version(); HttpRequest request(); ...}

• AnHttpResponseisnotcreateddirectly,butratherreturnedasaresultofsendinganHttpRequest.

SynchronousorAsynchronous• Requestscanbesenteithersynchronouslyorasynchronously.• ThesynchronousAPI,asexpected,blocksuntiltheHttpResponse<#Body_Type#> isavailable.• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsa

Synchronous

HttpResponse response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());

System.out.println(response.body());

• BodyHandlers.ofString()isafactorythatcreatesbodyhandlerthataccumulatestheresponsebodybytesandreturnsthemasaString.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.

ClassicProducer-Consumer

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Reactive-streams(40

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Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.• TheBodyHandlerinterfaceallowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived,andisresponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.

HttpRequest.BodyPublisher

class HttpRequest { ... interface BodyPublisher extends Flow.Publisher { long contentLength(); }}

• convertshigh-levelJavaobjectsintoaflowofbytebufferssuitableforsendingasarequestbody

• BodyPubishers::ofByteArray(byte[])• BodyPubishers::ofByteArrays(Iterable)• BodyPubishers::ofFile(Path)• BodyPubishers::ofString(String)• BodyPubishers::ofInputStream(Supplier)• ...

HttpResponse.BodyHandler

class HttpResponse { ... interface ResponseInfo { int statusCode(); HttpHeaders headers(); ... } interface BodyHandler { BodySubscriber apply(ResponseInfo); }}

• Allowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived• ResponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.

HttpResponse.BodySubscriber

class HttpResponse { ... interface BodySubscriber extends Flow.Subscriber> { CompletionStage getBody(); }}

• consumesresponsebodybytesandconvertsthemintoahigher-levelJavatype.

• BodyHandlers::ofByteArray()• BodyHandlers::ofFile()• BodyHandlers::ofString()• BodyHandlers::ofInputStream()• BodyHandlers::replacing(U replacementValue)• BodyHandlers::discarding()• BodyHandlers::buffering(...)• ...

Puttingitalltogether

someexamples...

SynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString

AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString

AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaFile

1. HowtowriteacustomresponseBodySubscriber.2. Interoperabilitywithotherreactivestreamsimplementations.Handlingresponsedata

WritingacustomresponseBodySubscriber

demo

Interoperabilitywithreactivestreams

• HttpResponse• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber, Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::ofPublisher()• HttpRequest• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher)• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher, long cl)

Summary

TheHTTPClient• ReplacementfortheURLConnectionAPI• IncubatedinJDK9;RefreshedinJDK10;StandardizedinJava11• CodeusingtheincubatedversionwillneedtobeupdatedalittleforJava11(jdk.incubator.http -> java.net.http )• SmallcompactAPI• UsesmodernJavalanguageandAPIfeatures,• Generics,lambdas,CompletableFuture,Reactive-streams• LearnedabouthowreactivestreamsareusedbytheHTTPClient• Interoperabilitywithexistingreactivestreamsimplementations

NextSteps

• Downloadnow:www.oracle.com/javadownload• JointheOpenJDK:openjdk.java.net• FollowusonTwitter:@OpenJDK,#Java11,oratmytwitterhandle@chegar999

Openandpredictable

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FromthestewardsofJavaSimpleandaffordable

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