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In java, we have static instance variables as well as static methods and also static 1) Nested static class doesn't need reference of Outer class, but Non-static 3) An instance of Inner class cannot be created without an instance of outer 

[PDF] Chapter 5 Static Methods

Although a static method cannot access an instance variable, Although a static method Starting with version 5 0, Java can automatically do boxing and unboxing All rights reserved Class Type Variables Store a Reference (Part 1 of 2)

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Being non-static is the default behavior in Java, specified by the absence of the static Draw out memory – the variables, references, and objects – at each stage as definition, except that static methods cannot access non-static fields

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Chapter5

DefiningClassesIIStaticMethodsStatic

Methods

A ihd ihbdihlli A stat i cmet h o d i sonet h atcan b euse d w i t houtaca lli ng object static method still belongs to a class and its definition is giveninsidetheclassdefinition placedinthemethodheader public static returnedType myMethod(parameters) {...}{ callingobject returnedValue = MyClass.myMethod(arguments);

Pitfall:InvokingaNonstaticMethodWithina

StaticMethod

oftheclass acallingobjectAttith dikthttith d A s t a ti cme th o d can i nvo k eano th ers t a ti cme th od however

Tip:YouCanPuta

main inanyClass Tip: You Can Put a main in any Class

Al h hhihdifbilfil

Al t h oug h t h ema i nmet h o d i so f ten b y i tse lf i nac l ass be contained within a regular class definition objects in other classes, or it can be run as a program class

AnotherClasswithamainAdded

(Part1of4)

AnotherClasswithamainAdded

(Part2of4)

AnotherClasswithamainAdded

(Part3of4)

AnotherClasswithamainAdded

(Part4of4)

StaticVariablesStatic

Variables

A ttiibl iiblth tbltthl A s t a ti cvar i a bl e i savar i a bl e th a t b e l ongs t o th ec l assasawhole,andnotjusttooneobject iblhhbj thit var i a bl esw h ereeac h o bj ec t h as it sowncopy a static method cannot access an instance variable, astaticmethodcanaccessastaticvariable additionofthemodifier static addition of the modifier static private static int myStaticVariable;

StaticVariablesStatic

Variables

Siiblbdl ddiiili dh

S tat i cvar i a bl escan b e d ec l are d an d i n i t i a li ze d att h esame time p rivate static int m y

StaticVariable = 0

py; automaticallyinitializedtoadefaultvalue t yp e yp ththlthdf lti iti li ti ra th er th anre l yon th e d e f au lt i n iti a li za ti on

StaticVariablesStatic

Variables

itisalsoadefinedconstant The value of a static defined constant cannot be altered thereforeitissafetomakeitpublic constantmustincludethemodifier final whichindicates constant must include the modifier final which indicates thatitsvaluecannotbechanged public static final int BIRTH_YEAR = 1954; int year = MyClass BIRTH YEAR;int year

MyClass

BIRTH _ YEAR; The Math Class The Math Class Th Mth lidbftdd Th e M a th c l assprov id esanum b ero f s t an d ar d mathematicalmethods

Itisfoundinthe

java lang packagesoitdoesnot It is found in the java lang package so it does not requireanimportstatement invokedwiththeclassname Mth insteadofacalling invoked with the class name M a th instead of a calling object the area = Math.PI * radius * radius

SomeMethodsintheClassMath

(Part1of5)

SomeMethodsintheClassMath

(Part2of5)

SomeMethodsintheClassMath

(Part3of5)

SomeMethodsintheClassMath

(Part4of5)

SomeMethodsintheClassMath

(Part5of5)

RandomNumbersRandom

Numbers

•TheMathclassalso p rovidesafacilit y to py generatepseudoͲrandomnumbers public static double random() realleneratedbadeterministifntion public static double random() reall yg enerated b y a deterministi c f u n c tion •Sampleuse:

Returnsapseudo

randomnumbergreater double num = Math.random();

Returns

a pseudo random number greater thanorequalto0.0andlessthan1.0

WrapperClassesWrapper

Classes

Wl idltdi W rapperc l assesprov id eac l ass t ypecorrespon di ngtoeachoftheprimitivetypes makes it possible to have class types that behave somewhatlikeprimitivetypes l fl t dbl and h are(inorder) Bt l ong, fl oa t d ou bl e, and c h ar are (in order) B y t e,Short,Long,Float,Double,andCharacter •Wra pp erclassesalsocontainanumberofuseful ppquotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25