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AWT i JAVA provides a rich set of libraries to create Graphical User Interface (GUI) objects in an platform independent way. Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) is a set of APIs used by Java programmers to create GUI objects. In this tutorial, we will learn how to use AWT to create GUI objects such as buttons, scroll bars, layout, menus, and more. This tutorial is designed for all those software professionals who would like to learn JAVA
GUI Programming in simple and easy steps.
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of Java programming language and how to use it in practice. © Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of the contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com AWT iiAbout the Tutorial .................................................................................................................................... i
Audience .................................................................................................................................................. i
Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................................ i
Copyright & Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................. i
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii
1. AWT - OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................... 1
Graphical User Interface .......................................................................................................................... 1
Basic Terminologies................................................................................................................................. 1
Examples of GUI Based Applications ....................................................................................................... 2
Advantages of GUI over CUI .................................................................................................................... 2
2. AWT - ENVIRONMENT SETUP ............................................................................................. 4
Setting up the Path for Windows 2000/XP .............................................................................................. 4
Setting up the Path for Windows 95/98/ME ........................................................................................... 4
Setting up the Path for Linux, UNIX, Solaris, FreeBSD .............................................................................. 4
Popular Java Editors ................................................................................................................................ 4
3. AWT - CONTROLS ................................................................................................................ 6
AWT Component Class ............................................................................................................................ 7
AWT UI Elements .................................................................................................................................. 20
AWT Label Class .................................................................................................................................... 21
AWT Button Class .................................................................................................................................. 25
AWT CheckBox Class ............................................................................................................................. 30
AWT CheckBoxGroup Class ................................................................................................................... 35
AWT List Class ....................................................................................................................................... 40
AWT TextField Class .............................................................................................................................. 46
AWT iiiAWT TextArea Class .............................................................................................................................. 51
AWT Choice Class .................................................................................................................................. 57
AWT Canvas Class ................................................................................................................................. 62
AWT Image Class ................................................................................................................................... 66
AWT Scrollbar Class ............................................................................................................................... 71
AWT Dialog Class ................................................................................................................................... 77
AWT FileDialog Class ............................................................................................................................. 83
4. AWT - EVENT HANDLING .................................................................................................. 89
What is an Event? ................................................................................................................................. 89
Types of Event ....................................................................................................................................... 89
What is Event Handling? ....................................................................................................................... 89
Callback Methods .................................................................................................................................. 90
Event Handling Example ........................................................................................................................ 90
5. AWT - EVENT CLASSES ...................................................................................................... 95
EventObject Class .................................................................................................................................. 95
Class Declaration ................................................................................................................................... 95
Field ...................................................................................................................................................... 95
Class Constructors ................................................................................................................................. 95
Class Methods ....................................................................................................................................... 95
Methods Inherited ................................................................................................................................ 96
AWT Event Classes ................................................................................................................................ 96
AWT AWTEvent Class ............................................................................................................................ 97
AWT ActionEvent Class ......................................................................................................................... 99
AWT InputEvent Class ......................................................................................................................... 100
AWT KeyEvent Class ............................................................................................................................ 102
AWT MouseEvent Class ....................................................................................................................... 111
AWT ivAWT TextEvent Class ........................................................................................................................... 114
AWT WindowEvent Class .................................................................................................................... 115
AWT AdjustmentEvent Class ............................................................................................................... 117
AWT ComponentEvent Class ............................................................................................................... 118
AWT ContainerEvent Class .................................................................................................................. 119
AWT MouseMotionEvent Class ........................................................................................................... 121
AWT PaintEvent Class.......................................................................................................................... 121
6. AWT - EVENT LISTENERS ................................................................................................. 128
EventListner Interface ......................................................................................................................... 128
Class Declaration ................................................................................................................................. 128
AWT Event Listener Interfaces ............................................................................................................ 128
AWT ActionListener Interface ............................................................................................................. 129
AWT ComponentListener Interface ..................................................................................................... 132
AWT ItemListener Interface ................................................................................................................ 137
AWT KeyListener Interface .................................................................................................................. 140
AWT MouseListener Interface ............................................................................................................. 144
AWT TextListener Interface ................................................................................................................. 148
AWT WindowListener Interface .......................................................................................................... 152
AWT AdjustmentListener Interface ..................................................................................................... 157
AWT ContainerListener Interface ........................................................................................................ 160
AWT MouseMotionListener Interface ................................................................................................. 164
AWT FocusListener Interface ............................................................................................................... 168
7. AWT - EVENT ADAPTERS ................................................................................................. 173
AWT Adapters ..................................................................................................................................... 173
AWT FocusAdapter Class ..................................................................................................................... 173
AWT KeyAdapter Class ........................................................................................................................ 177
AWT vAWT MouseAdapter Class ................................................................................................................... 181
AWT MouseMotionAdapter Class ....................................................................................................... 185
AWT WindowAdapter Class ................................................................................................................ 189
8. AWT - LAYOUTS .............................................................................................................. 194
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 194
Layout Manager .................................................................................................................................. 194
AWT Layout Manager Interface ........................................................................................................... 195
AWT LayoutManager2 Interface.......................................................................................................... 195
AWT Layout Manager Classes.............................................................................................................. 196
AWT BorderLayout Class ..................................................................................................................... 197
AWT CardLayout Class ......................................................................................................................... 202
AWT FlowLayout Class ........................................................................................................................ 207
AWT GridLayout Class ......................................................................................................................... 212
AWT GridBagLayout Class ................................................................................................................... 217
9. AWT - CONTAINERS ........................................................................................................ 224
AWT Container Class ........................................................................................................................... 224
AWT UI Elements ................................................................................................................................ 228
AWT Panel Class .................................................................................................................................. 229
Class Constructors ............................................................................................................................... 229
AWT Frame Class ................................................................................................................................. 232
AWT Window Class ............................................................................................................................. 239
10. AWT - MENU CLASSES .................................................................................................... 248
Menu Hiearchy .................................................................................................................................... 248
Menu Controls .................................................................................................................................... 248
AWT MenuComponent Class ............................................................................................................... 249
AWT MenuBar Class ............................................................................................................................ 250
AWT viAWT MenuItem Class .......................................................................................................................... 256
AWT Menu Class ................................................................................................................................. 263
AWT CheckboxMenuItem Class ........................................................................................................... 270
AWT PopupMenu Class ....................................................................................................................... 276
11. AWT - GRAPHICS CLASSES ............................................................................................... 281
Graphics Controls ................................................................................................................................ 281
AWT Graphics Class ............................................................................................................................. 282
AWT Graphics2D Class......................................................................................................................... 287
AWT Arc2D Class ................................................................................................................................. 292
AWT CubicCurve2D Class ..................................................................................................................... 297
AWT Ellipse2D Class ............................................................................................................................ 302
AWT Rectangle2D Class ....................................................................................................................... 305
AWT QuadCurve2D Class ..................................................................................................................... 310
AWT Line2D Class ................................................................................................................................ 315
AWT Font Class ................................................................................................................................... 319
AWT Color Class .................................................................................................................................. 327
AWT BasicStroke Class ........................................................................................................................ 332
AWT 7 Graphical User Interface (GUI) offers user interaction via some graphical components. For example, our underlying Operating System also offers GUI via window, frame, Panel, Button, Textfield, TextArea, Listbox, Combobox, Label, Checkbox etc. These all are known as components. Using these components, we can create an interactive user interface for an application. GUI provides result to end-users in response to its raised events. It is entirely based on events. For example, clicking on a button, closing a window, opening a window, typing something in a text area etc. These activities are known as events. GUI makes it easier for the end user to use an application. It also makes them interesting.