a) Write the differential equation governing the motion of the mass b) Find the Laplace transform of the solution x(t) c) Apply the inverse Laplace transform to find
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PRACTICE PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6 AND 7
I. Laplace Transform
1. Find the Laplace transform of the following functions.
(a) ft=sin2tcos2t (b) ft=cos23t (c) ft=te2tsin3t (e) ft=t2u3t (f) t2-4t4, ift≥2 (g)5,ift≥3
(h) ft= {0,ift,0,ift≥2
(i) ft={ cost,ift4,0,ift≥4
(j) ft= et,ift≥12. Find the inverse Laplace Transform:
(a) Fs=1 s1s2-1 (b) Fs=2s3s24s13 (c) Fs=e-3s s-2 (d) Fs=1e-2s s263. The transform of the solution to a certain differential equation is given byXs=1-e-2s
s21. Determine the solution x(t) of the differential equation.4. Suppose that the functionytsatisfies the DE y''-2y'-y=1, with initial values,
y0=-1,y'0=1.Find the Laplace transform of yt5. Consider the following IVP: y''-3y'-10y=1,y0=-1,y'0=2
(a) Find the Laplace transform of the solution y(t). (b) Find the solution y(t) by inverting the transform.6. Consider the following IVP:y''4y=4u5t,y0=0,y'0=1
(a) Find the Laplace transform of the solution y(t). (b) Find the solution y(t) by inverting the transform.7. A mass m =1 is attached to a spring with constant k =5 and damping constant c = 2. At the instant
t= the mass is struck with a hammer, providing an impulse p = 10. Also, x0=0and x'(0)=0. a) Write the differential equation governing the motion of the mass. b) Find the Laplace transform of the solution x(t). c) Apply the inverse Laplace transform to find the solution.II. Linear systems
1. Verify that x=et
102tet1
1is a solution of the system x'=2-1
3-2xet1
-12. Given the system
x'=tx-yetz,y'=2xt2y-z,z'=e-t3tyt3z , define x, P(t) and ftsuch that the system is represented as x'=Ptxft3. Consider the second order initial value problem:
u''2u'2u=3sint,u0=2,u'0=-1 Change the IVP into a first-order initial value system and write the resulting system in matrix form.
4. Are the vectors x1=
1 -11,x2=0
11and x3=1
11 linearly independent?
5. Consider the system x'=
-2-601x
Two solutions of the system are
x1=et -21 and x2=e-2t1
0(a) Use the Wronskian to verify that the two solutions are linearly independent.
(b) Write the general solution of the system.6. Consider two interconnecting tanks as shown in the figure. Tank 1 initially contains 80 L (liters) of
water and 100 g (grams) of salt, while Tank 2 initially contains 20 L of water and 50 g of salt. Water
containing 15g/L of salt is poured into tank 1 at a rate of 3 L/m while the mixture flowing into tank
2 contains a salt concentration of 35 g/L and is flowing at a rate of 3.5 L/min. The mixture flows
from tank 1 to tank 2 at a rate of 5 L/min. The mixture drains from tank 2 at a rate of 6 L/min, of
which some flows back into Tank 1 at a rate of 2 L/min, while the remainder leaves the tank. Let Q1 and Q2, respectively, be the amount of salt in each tank at time t. Write down differential equations and initial conditions that model the flow process.7. Suppose the systemx'=Axhas the general solutionxt=
x1t x2t x3t=c1et -2 10c2e-2t
1 01c3e-t
0 11 Given the initial condition x0=
1 1 -1,find x1t,x2t and x3t.8. Solve the IVP x'=Ax with A=1-30-2and x0=1
39. Solve the IVP x'=x2y
y'=4x3ywith x0=3,y0=0.10. Suppose that A is a real3×3matrix that has the following eigenvalues and eigenvectors
-2, 1 11,1i,1-i
21,1-i,1i
21
Find a fundamental set of real valued solutions to the systemx'=Ax.11. Solve the initial value problem x1'=x1-2x2,x2'=2x1x2,x10=0,x20=4 using the
eigenvalue method. Express the solution in terms of real functions only (no complex functions).ANSWERS TO PRACTICE PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6 AND 7
I. Laplace Transform
1. (a) Using the double angle trigonometric identity, the functionftcan be rewritten as
ft=12sin4t.Thus L{ft}=2
s216 (b) Using the half angle trigonometric identity, the functionftcan be rewritten as ft=1 2 1 ss s236 (c) Using the property L{tft}=-F's withFs=L{e2tsin3t}=3
s-229yields s-2292(d) ft=[t-710]u7t.Thus L{ft}=e-7sL{t10}=e-7s
1 s210 s (e) 2 s36 s29 s (f) ft=1u2tt2-4t3=1u2t [t-22-1]Thus L{ft}=1
se-2sL{t2-1}=1 se-2s 2 s3-1 s (g) ft=t-u3tt-5=t-u3t[t-3-2]. ThusL{ft}=1
s2-e-3sL{t-2}=1 s2-e-3s 1 s2-2 s (h)ft=utt--u2tt-=utt--u2tt-2 Thus L{ft}=e-sL{t}-e-2sL{t}=e-s
s2-e-2s 1 s2 s (i)ft=cost-u4tcost=cost-u4tcost-4 Thus
L{ft}=s
2s2-e-4ss2s2 (j) ft=tu1t[et-t]=tu1t[et-11-t-1-1]Thus
L{ft}=1
s2e-sL{et1-t-1}=1 s2e-s e s-1-1 s2-1 s2. (a) Using PFD,Fs=-1
4 1 s1-1 2 1 s121 4 1 s-1.Thusft=-14e-t-1
2te-t1
4et(b) F(s) can be rewritten as
Fs=2s3
s229-1 3 3 s229.Thus ft=e-2t2cos3t-1
3sin3t(c) The inverse Laplace is
{1 s-2}=e2t. ThusL-1 {e-3s s-2}=u3te2t-3 (d) Fs=1 6 6 s26e-2s 6 6 s26thus L-1{Fs}=1 6sin6t1 1-u2tsint 4.Ys=-s3
s2-2s-11 ss2-2s-15. (a)Ys=1
ss-5s2-1 s2. (b) yt=-1101
35e5t-13
14e-2t
6. (a)
Ys=1
s24e-5s 1 s-s s24. (b) yt=17. (a)
x''2x'5x=10t- (b) Xs=10e-s s22s5=5e-s2s124 (c) xt=5ute-t-sin2t-=5ute-tsin2t
II. Linear Systems
1. Differentiating the given x yields x'=et
11=3et2tet
2et2tet Substituting x into the right hand side of the DE yields:
2-13-2et2tet
2tetet
1 -1=2et4tet-2tet3et6tet-4tetet
-et=3et2tet2et2tet=x'
2. x= x y z Pt=t-1et 2t2-103tt3 ft=0
0 e-t3. u' v'=01 -2-2u v03sint u0
v0=2 -14. c11
-11c20
11c31
11=0
00 yields c1c3=0
-c1c2c3=0 c1c2c3=0 The only solution is c1=c2=c3=0,thus the vectors are linearly independent.5. (a)
Wx1,x2=∣-2ete-2t
et0∣=-e-t≠0Thus the two solutions are linearly independent and form a fundamental set. (b)xt=c1et -21c2e-2t1
06.
dQ1 dt=452Q2202.5t-5Q1
80,Q10=100
dQ2 dt=122.55Q180-6Q2
202.5t,Q20=507. x1t=6et-5e-2t
x2t=-3et4e-t x3t=-5e-2t4e-t8. xt=-2et
103e-2t1
1=-2et3e-2t
3e-2t9.
xt=2e-te5tyt=-2e-t2e5t10. The first eigenvalue/eigenvector pair gives the solution: x1t=e-2t
1 1