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Basic Introduction to Arabic

Introduction:

This is an extract from the Moroccan Arabic book. You will notice that we did not follow the book page by page. We rather picked some key elements in the book that a beginner can do on his/her own. Page numbers refer to the complete book not this PDF guide. The Arabic readings in these lessons are done by our Language and Culture Facilitators.

Table of Contents

Lesson number Title Page

Lesson 1 Arabic Alphabet 1

Lesson 2 Greeting Expressions 5

Lesson 3 Greetings Dialogue 6

Lesson 4 Independent Pronouns 7

Lesson 5 Possessive Pronouns 8 Lesson 6 Describing Oneself 10 Lesson 7 Describing Oneself (practice dialogue) 11 Lesson 8 Demonstrative Pronouns/Adjectives 14

Lesson 9 Mealtime Expressions 19

Lesson 10 Thanking Expressions 19

Lesson 11 Expressions for nighttime 20 Lesson 12 Hygiene 20

Lesson 13 Offering Help 20

Lesson 14 Being sick 21

Lesson 15 Transportation Expressions 21

Lesson 16 Responding to difficulties/Apologies 21

Lesson 17 Congratulations 21

Lesson 18 Communication 21 Lesson 19 Numerals 22

Lesson 20 Numerals 24

Lesson 21 Numerals 25

Lesson 22 Time 30

Lesson 23 Exercises about Time 31

Lesson 24 Shopping 34

Lesson 25 Shopping Expressions 34/35 Lesson 26 Practice Dialogue/Shopping 35

Lesson 27 Verb to "want" 36

Lesson 28 Family Members 38/39

Lesson 29 Family Expressions 39

Lesson 30 Family practice text 41

The text accompanies the following ten (10) audio tracks: MO_Arabic_Lesson_1-3.mp3 (Time: 4:05) (File Size: 3.74 MB)

MO_Arabic_Lesson_4-6.mp3 (Time: 3:32) (File Size: 3.23 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_7-9.mp3 (Time: 3:42) (File Size: 3.39 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_10-12.mp3 (Time: 2:20) (File Size: 2.14 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_13-15.mp3 (Time: 1:28) (File Size: 1.35 MB)

MO_Arabic_Lesson_16-18.mp3 (Time: 1:13) (File Size: 1.11 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_19-21.mp3 (Time: 2:19) (File Size: 2.12 MB)

MO_Arabic_Lesson_22-24.mp3 (Time: 5:10) (File Size: 4.73 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_25-27.mp3 (Time: 3:17) (File Size: 3.00 MB) MO_Arabic_Lesson_28-30.mp3 (Time: 4:25) (File Size: 4.04 MB)

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Lesson 1

Arabic Alphabet

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Lesson 2

Greeting expressions and appropriate responses

A: Peace be upon you

B: And peace be upon you (too)

s-salamu

ωalaykum

wa ωalaykum s-salam

A: Good morning

B: Good morning

sҕbaɧ l-xir sҕbaɧ l-xir

A: Good afternoon / evening

B: Good afternoon / evening

msa l-xir msa l-xir name smiya

What's your name? šnu smitk?

my name... smiti... your name... smitk... his name... smitu... her name... smitha...

Nice to meet you. mtšrfin

How are you (masc.)? kif dayr?

How are you (fem.)? kif dayra?

Are you fine? labas?

Good, thanks be to God. labas, l-ɧamdullah

Good, thanks be to God. bixir, l-ɧamdullah

Everything is fine. kulši bixir

Good-bye bslama

Good night layla saωida

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Lesson 3

Greetings Dialogue

John:s-salamu ωalaykum. ϼ˴δϟ΍Ϣ˵Ϝϴ˴Ϡ˴ϋ ˵ϡ ϥϮΟΩ:

John:kif dayr? ˮήϳ΍Ω ϒϴϛ ϥϮΟΩ: John:mtšrfin. ϦϴϓήθΘϣ ϥϮΟΩ:

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Lesson 4

Independent Pronouns

We call the following pronouns "independent" because they are not attached to other words, such as nouns, verbs, or prepositions. The pronouns are often used in a number of different ways. I ana you (masc. singular) nta you (fem. singular) nti he huwa she hiya we ɧna you (plural) ntuma they huma

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Lesson 5

Possessive Pronouns

In Darija, a suffix (ending) may be added to the end of words in order to express possession. my i / ya *T your (singular) k his u / h *T her ha our na your (plural) kum their hum * For the "my" and "his" forms, the first ending is used for words ending in consonants, while the second is used with words ending in vowels. For example, smiti (my name), but xuya (my brother). Example of possessive pronouns with the noun "book." my book ktabi ϲΑΎΘϛ his book ktabu ϮΑΎΘϛ her book ktabha ΎϬΑΎΘϛ our book ktabna ΎϨΑΎΘϛ your (plur.) book ktabkum Ϣ˵ϜΑΎΘϛ their book ktabhum Ϣ˵ϬΑΎΘϛ

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Lesson 6

Describing Oneself:

Nationalities, Cities, and Marital Status

Vocabulary and Expressions

Where are you (masc.) from? mnin nta? ˮ˴Ζϧ ϦϴϨϣ city mdina ΔϨϳΪϣ big (fem.) kbira ΓήϴΒϛ I am not ... ana maši ... ϲηΎϣ Ύϧ΃... engaged (fem.) mxtҕuba ΔΑϮτΨϣ married (masc. / fem.) mzuwj / mzuwja Ν˷ϭΰϣ /ΔΟ˷ϭΰϣ No, not yet. lla mazal / lla baqi ϝ΍ίΎϣ ˷ϻ /ϲϗΎΑ ˷ϻ

I work with the Peace Corps.

ana xddam(a) mωa hay'at s-salam.

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Lesson 7

Dialogue

Tom: wa ωalaykum s-salam. ϡϼ˴δϟ΍ Ϣ˵Ϝϴ˴Ϡ˴ϋ ˴ϭ σϡϮ:

Tom: mn mdint Seattle f wilayat Washington.

u nti? Tom: rbωa u tlatin ωam. ϡΎϋ ϦϴΗϼΗ ϭ ΔόΑέ. ϡϮσ:

Tom: lla, ana xddam mωa

hay'at s-salam.

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Lesson 8

Demonstrative Adjectives & Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

this (masc.) hada ΍Ϊ˴ϫ this (fem.) hadi ϱΪ˴ϫ these (plur.) hadu ϭΪ˴ϫ that (masc.) hadak ϙ΍Ϊ˴ϫ those (plur.) haduk ϙϭΪ˴ϫ

These forms may be used at the beginning of a sentence, in the middle or at the end of a sentence, or

in questions. In Arabic, these pronouns can represent people. This is a chair. hada kursi. ϲγή˵ϛ ΍Ϊ˴ϫ. This is a table. hadi tҕbla. ΔϠΒσ ϱΪ˴ϫ. This is Abdallah. hada Abdallah. Ϳ΍ΪΒϋ ΍Ϊ˴ϫ. This is Aicha. hadi Aicha. Δθϴϋ ϱΪ˴ϫ. What's this? (masc. object) šnu / aš hada? ϮϨη /ˮ΍Ϊ˴ϫ ε΃ What's this? (fem. object) šnu / aš hadi? ϮϨη /ˮϱΪ˴ϫ ε΃ Who is this? (masc.) škun hada? ˮ΍Ϊ˴ϫ ϥϮϜη Who is this? (fem.) škun hadi? ˮϱΪ˴ϫ ϥϮϜη What is that? (masc. object) šnu / aš hadak? ϮϨη /ˮϙ΍Ϊ˴ϫ ε΃

Demonstrative Adjectives

this/these (masc. / fem. / plur.) had that (masc.) dak that (fem.) dik those (plur.) duk

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Lesson 9

Mealtime Expressions

In the name of God (said when you

begin an activity: eating, drinking, working, studying, traveling, etc.)

Thanks to God (said after finishing a

meal, or after expressing that all is well in life)

I don't eat ... meat

eggs fish chicken ma-kan-akul-š...l-lɧm l-bidҕ l-ɧut d-djaj I drink tea / coffee without sugar. kan-šrb atay / l-qhwa bla skkar.

I eat everything. kan-akul kulši.

I don't feel like eating. ma-fiya ma-y-akul.

The food is delicious. l-makla bnina.

I'm full. šbωt.

May God replenish / reward you.

(said after a meal to thank host) lla y-xlf. ϒϠΨϳ Ϳ΍.

To your health (said to someone

after eating, drinking, coming out of the hammam, wearing new clothes, having a hair cut, etc.)

May God grant you health too.

(response to the above)

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Lesson 10

Thanking Expressions

Thank you. šukran.

You're welcome. bla jmil.

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Lesson 11

Expressions for Nighttime / Sleeping

I'm tired. (male speaker) ana ωiyan.

I'm tired. (female speaker) ana ωiyana.

Excuse me, I want to go to bed.

(addressing a group of people)

Lesson 12

Hygiene/Cleanliness Expressions

I want to wash my hands with

soap.

Where is the toilet? fin bit l-ma?

Where can I do laundry? fin ymkn n-sҕbbn ɧwayji.

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Lesson 13

Offering Help / Asking for Favors

Give me ... please. ωtҕini ... ωafak. ϲϨϴτϋ ...ϙΎϔ˴ϋ.

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Lesson 14

Being Sick

I'm sick. (male speaker) ana mridҕ.

I'm sick. (female speaker) ana mridҕa.

Do you feel better? briti šwiya?

Lesson 15

Transportation Expressions

Take me to ... please. ddini l ... ωafak.

Stop here, please. wqf hna ωafak.

Is the meter on? weš l-kuntur xddam?

Turn on the meter, please. xddm l-kuntur ωafak.

Lesson 16

Responses to Problems/Difficulties/Apologies

It's not a problem. maši muškil.

There is no problem. ma-kayn muškil.

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Lesson 17

Congratulations

Congratulations. mbruk

Happy holiday. mbruk l-ωid.

May God grant you grace.

(response to the above)

Lesson 18

Communication

I don't understand. ma-fhmt-š.

I don't know. ma-n-ωrf.

Slowly please. b šwiya ωafak.

Repeat please. (to a man) ωawd ωafak.

Repeat please. (to a woman) ωawdi ωafak.

What did you say? šnu glti?

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Lesson 19

Numerals

Numbers 1 thru 10

In Moroccan Arabic, there are two ways to combine the numbers 3 through 10 with an object. We sometimes use the "full" or normal form of the number, and sometimes we use a "short" form of the number. Here is a table listing the full form of numbers 1-10 and the short form of numbers 3-10.

Full Forms Short Forms

one (masc.) waɧd one (fem.) wɧda two juj three tlata tlt four rbωa rbω five xmsa xms six stta stt seven sbωa sbω eight tmnya tmn nine tsωud tsω ten ωšra

ωšr

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Lesson 20

Numbers 11 thru 19

The numbers 11 thru 19 do not have a short form. Only numbers 3 thru 10 have a short form. eleven ɧdҕaš twelve tҕnaš thirteen tltҕaš fourteen rbωtҕaš fifteen xmstҕaš sixteen stҕtҕaš seventeen sbωtҕaš eighteen tmntҕaš nineteen tsωtҕaš

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Lesson 21

Numbers 20, 30, 40 ... 99

For a multiple of ten (20, 30, 40 etc.) in Arabic, we simply use the name for that number, like in English.

For numbers such as 21, 22, or 23, however, it is not like English. In Arabic, the "ones" digit is pronounced first, followed by the word "and," then followed by the "tens" digit. Fo r example, in Arabic

the number 21 is literally "one and twenty" while the number 47 is literally "seven and forty." Also,

remember that for the numbers 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, and 92, we do not use juj. Rather, we use tnayn. Here is a list of the multiples of ten, with examples of numbers between each multiple: twenty ωšrin twenty-one l iterally: one and twenty waɧd u ωšrin Ϧϳήθϋ ϭ ΪΣ΍ϭ twenty-two l iterally: two and twenty

Remember: "

tnayn," not "juj" tnayn u ωšrin Ϧϳήθϋ ϭ Ϧϴ˴ϨΗ twenty-three l iterally: three and twenty tlata u ωšrin Ϧϳήθϋ ϭ ΔΗϼΗ twenty-four rbωa u ωšrin thirty tlatin thirty-one waɧd u tlatin thirty-two tnayn u tlatin thirty-three tlata u tlatin forty rbωin forty-one waɧd u rbωin forty-two tnayn u rbωin fifty xmsin sixty sttin seventy sbωin eighty tmanin ninety tsωin ninety-nine tsωud u tsωin

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Lesson 22

Time To express time, we use the demonstrative pronoun hadi and the appropriate number with the definite article . This means that for 1:00, 5:00, 10:00, and 11:00, we will use the letter l (ϝ) before the number, while for the others, we will double the first consonant. one l-wɧda

ΓΪΣϮϟ΍seven s-sbωa

two j-juj

ΝϮΠϟ΍eight t-tmnya

three t-tlata

ΔΗϼΘϟ΍nine t-tsωud

four r-rbωa

ΔόΑήϟ΍ten l-ωšra

five l-xmsa six s-stta

Δ˷Θδϟ΍twelve tҕ-tҕnaš

Like in English, Arabic uses certain words to express things like "quarter to five," "half past seven," etc. before ql

Ϟϗtwenty minutestulut

and u

ϭhalf nsҕ

exactly nišan

ϥΎθϴϧquarter to lla rob

quarter rbω

ϊΑέfive minutes qsҕm

ten minutes qsҕmayn

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Lesson 23

Some examples of asking and answering about time:

It is exactly one o'clock. hadi l-wɧda nišan. ϥΎθϴϧ ΓΪΣϮϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

It is five minutes past two. hadi j-juj u qsҕm. Ϣμϗ ϭ ΝϮΠϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

It is a quarter past four. hadi r-rbωa u rbω. ϊΑέ ϭ ΔόΑήϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

It is twenty-five minutes past six.

hadi s-stta u xmsa u

ωšrin.

It is seven thirty. hadi s-sbωa u nsҕ. κϧ ϭ ΔόΒδϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

It is twenty minutes to nine. hadi t-tsωud ql tulut. Ζ˵Ϡ˵Η Ϟϗ ΩϮόδΘϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

It is five minutes to twelve. hadi tҕ-tҕnaš ql qsҕm. Ϣμϗ Ϟϗ εΎϨτϟ΍ ϱΪ˴ϫ.

6:30 A.M. s-stta u nsҕ d sҕ-sҕbaɧ ΡΎΒμϟ΍ Ω κϧ ϭ Δ˷Θδϟ΍

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Lesson 24

At the Hanoot

Vocabulary

store ɧanut peanuts kaw kaw store keeper mul l-ɧanut

ϝϮϣalmonds l-luz

soda l-monada chocolate š-šklatҕ ρϼϜθϟ΍bottle of waterqrωa d l-ma candies l-ɧlwa gum l-mska cookies l-biskwi juice l-ωasҕir

ήϴμ˴όϟ΍soap sҕ-sҕabun

bread l-xubz

ΰΒ˵Ψϟ΍shampoo š-šampwan

jam l-konfitur butter z-zbda

ΓΪΑΰϟ΍bleach javel

eggs l-bidҕ ξϴΒϟ΍batteries l-ɧjrat d yogurt danon

ϥϮϧ΍Ωrazor r-razwar

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