[PDF] International Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels

Working Paper 1/2013, Sectoral Activities Department Working Paper No 289, by authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the hotel and restaurant kitchens, are traditional male preserves in terms of employment

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Working Paper 1 / 2013

The Bureau for Gender Equality

supports the implementation of the ILO's Policy on Gender Equality and Mainstreaming. This entails offering advice to const ituents and ILO staff on measures to help ensure that policies, legislation, pro grammes and institutions are more gender-equitable. Such measures include ratifying and implementing relevant labour standards, increasing the number of wom in decision-making positions, promoting women's entrepreneurship and paying attention to situations where women are particularly vulnerable in the labour mark et. The Bureau keeps the Organization's Governing Body and International Labour Conference appraised of contemporary gender issues in ILO's work and coordinates the ILO global Gender Network, which comprises Senior Gender Specialists and gender focal points in the field offices and at headquarters in Geneva. It carries out participatory gender audits (PGAs), technical cooperation projects, knowledge sharin g and awareness- raising activities to help strengthen the capacities of constituents, IL

O staff and other

stakeholders to address the gender dimension in their areas of work. The Bureau participates in United Nations inter-agency activities and initiatives aimed at promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. These include the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and especially MDG 3 on gender equality, the Beijing Platform for Action and the Convention on the Elimination of

Discrimination

against Women (CEDAW). The Bureau contributes to Expert Group meetings to prepare the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) and participates in the yearly CSW thematic discussions panels. The Bureau supports gender mainstreaming in "Delivering as One" initiatives at the country level and in United Nations Develo pment Assistance Frameworks (UNDAFs). The Bureau liaises with civil society groups, academic institutions and a broad range of actors committed to gender equality.

ILO Bureau for Gender Equality

4, Route des Morillons

1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland

Tel. +41 22 799 7645

Fax +41 22 799 6344

gender@ilo.org www.ilo.org/genderInternational Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels,

Catering and Tourism

Thomas Baum

ISBN978-92-2-127414-8

9789221274148

Bureau for

Gender

Equality

Sectoral

Activities

Department

GENDER Working Paper 1/2013

SECTOR Working Paper No. 289

Bureau for Gender Equality

and

Sectoral Activities Department

International perspectives on women and work

in hotels, catering and tourism

By Professor Thomas Baum

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE ± GENEVA

First edition 2013

Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright

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organization in your country.

International perspectives on women and work in hotels, catering and tourism, Bureau for Gender Equality

Working Paper 1/2013, Sectoral Activities Department Working Paper No. 289, by Professor Thomas Baum,

International Labour Office, Sectoral Activities Department. Geneva, ILO, 2013.

ISBN 978-92-2-127414-8 (print)

ISBN 978-92-2-127415-5 (Web pdf)

women workers / employment / hotel industry / catering / tourism

14.04.2

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Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland

WP-External-289-[SECTO-130318-2]-NR-En.docx iii

Preface

Hotels, catering and tourism (HCT) is a large and fast-growing service sector, with an average female participation of 55.5 per cent at global level and up to 70 per cent at regional level. They are employed in a wide variety of roles, including as cleaners and kitchen staff, front-line customer service workers and senior management. The recruitment, retention and promotion of talented women for technical and managerial leadership positions will be necessary to meet the future skills and productivity requirements of the sector. Moreover, women will comprise an even larger proportion of impact on gender equality in the recruitment of employees. This working paper highlights the structural and cultural issues which determine the roles that women play within the HCT workforce and the strategies which can make a difference to their status and opportunities within the industry. Some of these issues relate to occupational sex segregation, wage parity, career opportunities, the role of women within micro-enterprises and the informal hotel/catering/tourism economy. The links between equality of opportunity and treatment for women and men in quality jobs, workforce development, training opportunities and employment in the sector have been explored to a certain degree at national or local levels. However, there is less information regarding gender equality provisions and major international companies in global and regional contexts. The findings of this study point to issues of importance for employment of women as a basis for future dialogue. They also highlight important innovations, good practices and interesting case studies in support of future human resources planning for The working paper draws upon a broad range of published sources from international, regional and national studies of the industry and of wider analysis of gender roles within the economy. It also takes account of the outcomes of a survey of international hotel companies and a focus group meeting with senior executives which explored both current workforce. The working paper is a joint undertaking of the ILO Bureau for Gender Equality (GENDER) and ILO Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR) and was prepared by Professor Thomas Baum of the Strathclyde Business School in the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Ms Susan Maybud (GENDER) and Mr Wolfgang Weinz (SECTOR) were responsible for the examination and finalization of the draft working paper; Ms Lucie Servoz (SECTOR) provided comments, additional information and technical assistance; and Mr John Myers (SECTOR) reviewed and revised the final draft.

Alette Van Leur

Director

Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR)

International Labour Office

Jane Hodges

Director

Bureau for Gender Equality (GENDER)

International Labour Office

WP-External-289-[SECTO-130318-2]-NR-En.docx v

Page

Preface ............................................................................................................................................... iii

Contents ............................................................................................................................................. v

Executive summary ........................................................................................................................... vii

List of acronyms ................................................................................................................................ ix

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Women, work in the HCT sector and gender equality ............................................... 1

1.2. Purpose of the working paper ..................................................................................... 4

2. Employment in hotels, catering and tourism ............................................................................ 6

2.1. The nature of work in HCT ........................................................................................ 8

3. Recognizing gender issues ........................................................................................................ 12

3.1. Understanding the reasons behind gender inequality in the labour market ................ 15

3.2. Women in employment in HCT.................................................................................. 19

3.3. Women and wages ...................................................................................................... 24

3.4. Equality of opportunity and treatment ........................................................................ 25

3.5. Key themes and cases ................................................................................................. 26

3.6. Women and HCT cooperatives ................................................................................... 27

3.7. Women in informal employment in HCT ................................................................... 28

in Mexico ................................................................................................................................ 30

3.9. Gender and the sexualization of labour in the HCT sector ......................................... 30

3.10. Women and the pro-poor tourism agenda ................................................................... 31

4. A survey of international hotel and tourism companies ............................................................ 34

4.1. Methods ...................................................................................................................... 34

4.2. Findings from the international survey ....................................................................... 34

4.3. Findings from the focus group .................................................................................... 37

5. Employment trends for women in HCT .................................................................................... 39

5.1. A global overview ....................................................................................................... 39

5.2. Europe ......................................................................................................................... 40

5.3. Latin America and the Caribbean ............................................................................... 46

5.4. Asia ............................................................................................................................. 48

quotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_5

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