Example of multiplying matrices 2 0 −5 −1 −4 6 −2 ×[ 0 −1 −3 2 ]= c11 c12 c21 c22 c31 c32 For the first entry c11 we multiple
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2 nov 2005 · (a) 26, (b) −26, (c) −12, (d) 12 If A and B are two matrices, the product AB can be found if the number of columns of A equals the number of rows of B If A is 2 × 3 and B is 3×5 then AB can be calculated but BA does not exist The order in which matrices are multiplied together matters
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Matrix multiplication is based on combining rows from the first matrix Example Find the product ( 3 7 4 5 \ ( 2 9 \ Solution The first matrix has size 2×2
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The product A · B or AB of two matrices A and B is found by using the above algorithm to multiply each row of A times each column of B For example, if matrix A
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This matrix product is easily generalised to other row and column matrices For example if C is a 1 × 4 row matrix and D is a 4 × 1 column matrix: C = [ 2 − 4 3 2 ]
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Example of multiplying matrices 2 0 −5 −1 −4 6 −2 ×[ 0 −1 −3 2 ]= c11 c12 c21 c22 c31 c32 For the first entry c11 we multiple
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Matrix multiplication allows us to write a system of linear equations as a single matrix equation For example, the system 2x1 + 3x2 = 4 −x1 − 5x2 = 1
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Matrixmultiplication
JackieNicholas
MathematicsLearning Centre
UniversityofSydney
c?2010Universit yofSydneyMultiplyingmatrices
WecanmultiplymatricesAandBtogethertofo rmthe productABprovidedthenumberof columnsinAequalsthenumberof
rowsinB. IfA= 4-13 1-29 andB= 0-5 -1-4 0-1 thenwe candefineABasAhasthreecolumns andBhasthree rows.Multiplyingmatrices
IfA= 4-13 1-29 andB= 0-5 -1-4 thenABisnotdefined asAisa2 ×3matrix andBisa2 ×2 matrix;thenumber ofcolumnsof Adoesnotequal thenumberof rowsofB. Ontheother hand,the productBAisdefinedasthe numberof columnsofB,2,does equalthenumber ofro wsofA. Thistellsus somethingvery important;o rdermatters!! Inmostcas esAB?=BA.HereABisnotdefined whereasBAis.Howtomultiplymatrices
Ingeneral,if Aisam×nmatrixandBisan×pmatrix,the productABwillbea m×pmatrix.LetC=AB.Itis am×pmatrix.
Recallthatthe entryinthe ithrowandjthcolumnofC,iethe (i,j)thentryofC,iscalled c ijTheentryc
ij isthep roductofthe ithrowofAandthejthcolumn ofBasfollo ws: c ij =a i1 b 1j +a i2 b 2j +a i3 b 3j +a i4 b 4j +···+a in b njExampleofmultiplying matrices1
Thatprobably lookedabitcomplicateds owewillgothrough an example. LetA= 0-5 -1-4 6-2 andB= 0-1 -32Aisa3 ×2matrixand Bisa2 ×2,so ABisdefined.
IfC=ABisthenC=
c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
isa3 ×2matrix.
Exampleofmultiplying matrices2
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
Forthefirstentryc
11 wemultiplethefirstrowofAwiththefirst columnofBasfollows : 0-5 0. -3.0×0+-5×-3.
iec 11 =a 11 ×b 11 +a 12 ×b 21=15.
Exampleofmultiplying matrices3
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
Fortheentryc
12 wemultiplethefirstrowofAwiththesecond columnofBasfollows : 0-5 .-1 .2 .0×-1+-5×2 iec 12 =a 11 ×b 12 +a 12 ×b 22=-10.
Exampleofmultiplying matrices4
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
Fortheentryc
21wemultiplethesecondrowofAwiththefirst columnofBasfollows : -1-4 0. -3. -1×0+-4×-3. iec 21
=a 21
×b 11 +a 22
×b 21
=12.
Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10
Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.
0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10Exampleofmultiplying matrices5
So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10