[PDF] [PDF] Matrix multiplication - The University of Sydney

Example of multiplying matrices 2 0 −5 −1 −4 6 −2 ×[ 0 −1 −3 2 ]= c11 c12 c21 c22 c31 c32 For the first entry c11 we multiple 



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[PDF] Matrix Multiplication

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[PDF] Matrix multiplication - The University of Sydney

Example of multiplying matrices 2 0 −5 −1 −4 6 −2 ×[ 0 −1 −3 2 ]= c11 c12 c21 c22 c31 c32 For the first entry c11 we multiple 



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Matrixmultiplication

JackieNicholas

MathematicsLearning Centre

UniversityofSydney

c?2010Universit yofSydney

Multiplyingmatrices

WecanmultiplymatricesAandBtogethertofo rmthe product

ABprovidedthenumberof columnsinAequalsthenumberof

rowsinB. IfA= 4-13 1-29 andB= 0-5 -1-4 0-1 thenwe candefineABasAhasthreecolumns andBhasthree rows.

Multiplyingmatrices

IfA= 4-13 1-29 andB= 0-5 -1-4 thenABisnotdefined asAisa2 ×3matrix andBisa2 ×2 matrix;thenumber ofcolumnsof Adoesnotequal thenumberof rowsofB. Ontheother hand,the productBAisdefinedasthe numberof columnsofB,2,does equalthenumber ofro wsofA. Thistellsus somethingvery important;o rdermatters!! Inmostcas esAB?=BA.HereABisnotdefined whereasBAis.

Howtomultiplymatrices

Ingeneral,if Aisam×nmatrixandBisan×pmatrix,the productABwillbea m×pmatrix.

LetC=AB.Itis am×pmatrix.

Recallthatthe entryinthe ithrowandjthcolumnofC,iethe (i,j)thentryofC,iscalled c ij

Theentryc

ij isthep roductofthe ithrowofAandthejthcolumn ofBasfollo ws: c ij =a i1 b 1j +a i2 b 2j +a i3 b 3j +a i4 b 4j +···+a in b nj

Exampleofmultiplying matrices1

Thatprobably lookedabitcomplicateds owewillgothrough an example. LetA= 0-5 -1-4 6-2 andB= 0-1 -32

Aisa3 ×2matrixand Bisa2 ×2,so ABisdefined.

IfC=ABisthenC=

c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
isa3 ×2matrix.

Exampleofmultiplying matrices2

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32

Forthefirstentryc

11 wemultiplethefirstrowofAwiththefirst columnofBasfollows : 0-5 0. -3.

0×0+-5×-3.

iec 11 =a 11 ×b 11 +a 12 ×b 21
=15.

Exampleofmultiplying matrices3

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32

Fortheentryc

12 wemultiplethefirstrowofAwiththesecond columnofBasfollows : 0-5 .-1 .2 .0×-1+-5×2 iec 12 =a 11 ×b 12 +a 12 ×b 22
=-10.

Exampleofmultiplying matrices4

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32

Fortheentryc

21
wemultiplethesecondrowofAwiththefirst columnofBasfollows : -1-4 0. -3. -1×0+-4×-3. iec 21
=a 21
×b 11 +a 22
×b 21
=12.

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Exampleofmultiplying matrices5

So,tomultiply two matriceswe systematicallyworkouteach entryinthis way ,s tartingwiththefirstentry. 0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 c 11 c 12 c 21
c 22
c 31
c 32
15-10 12-7 6-10

Clicktosee howw egetthe otherentries.

0-5 -1-4 6-2 0-1 -32 15-10 12-7 6-10

Propertiesofmatrix multiplication

LetA,BandCbematricesof dimensionsfo rwhichthe following expressionsmakesense, andletλbeascala r.Then,

A(BC)=( AB)C

A(B+C)=AB+AC

(A+B)C=AC+BC

λ(AB)=( λA)B=A(λB)

Notealsothat 0A=0=A0

The0in thelas tpropert ycouldmean thescalarzeroo rthe (appropriate)zeromatrix.For example, 0 2-5 -1-4 6-2 00 00 00 2-5 -1-4 6-2 00 00quotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26