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Gold Standard MCAT General Chemistry Review: Stoichiometry ○ Mole - Atomic and Molecular Weights For element: For compound: moles weight of sample 

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MCAT-Prep.com General Chemistry Summary

MCAT-Prep.com The Only Prep You Need™ Page 1 of 12 Gold Standard MCAT General Chemistry Review: Stoichiometry

Mole - Atomic and Molecular Weights

For element: For compound:

molesweight of sample in grams GAW= molesweight of sample in grams GMW=

1 mol = 6.02 × 10

23
atoms

1 mol = 6.02 × 10

23
molecules

Categories of Chemical Reactions

Non-redox

Double-Replacement Reaction

AB CD AD

CBCombination (Synthesis) Reaction

A B AB

Decomposition Reaction

AB A B

Chemical ReactionsRedox

Single-Replacement Reaction

A BC AC B

Combination (Synthesis) Reaction

A B AB

Decomposition Reaction

AB A

BCombustion Reaction

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Oxidation Numbers, Redox Reactions, Oxidizing vs. Reducing Agents

Here are the general rules:

In elementary substances, the oxidation number of an uncombined element is zero In monatomic ions the oxidation number of the elements that make up this ion is equal to the charge of the ion In a neutral molecule the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the elements that make up the molecule is zero

Some useful oxidation numbers to memorize

For H: +1, except in metal hydrides where it is equal to -1 For O: -2 in most compounds; In peroxides (e.g. in H2 O 2 ) the oxidation number for O is -1, it is +2 in OF 2 and -1/2 in superoxides

For alkali metals: +1

For alkaline earth metals: +2

Aluminium always has an oxidation number of +3 in all its compounds

Common Redox Agents

Reducing AgentsOxidizing Agents

* Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4 * Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 * Metals * Ferrous ion (Fe 2 )* Iodine (I 2 ) and other halogens * Permanganate (MnO 4 ) salts * Peroxide compounds (i.e. H 2 O 2 * Ozone (O 3 ); osmium tetroxide (OsO 4 * Nitric acid (HNO 3 ); nitrous oxide (N 2 O)

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GENERAL CHEMISTRY SUMMARY

Note: Summaries are most

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Page 2 of 12 MCAT GENERAL CHEMISTRY SUMMARY

MCAT-Prep.com General Chemistry Summary

Mixtures

Gold Standard MCAT General Chemistry Review: Electronic Structure & The

Periodic Table

Conventional Notation for Electronic

Structure

The order for lling atomic orbitals: Follow the

direction of successive arrows moving from top to bottom.

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids

*General Characteristics of metals, nonmetals and metalloids

MetalsNonmetalsMetalloids

Hard and

shiny

Gases or dull,

brittle solids

ZLOOYDU\

3 or less

valence electrons

5 or more

valence electrons

3 to 7 valence

electrons

Form + ions

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