[PDF] [PDF] LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND

[PDF] Conversion base rates - S&P Global

0 984203533 Long ton Long ton hundredweight 1 = 0 0508023 Metric ton 1 = 1 = 0 0283168 Scm gas 1 = 35 31472483 Scf gas MMBtu 1 = 0 019230769

[PDF] Thermal Conversion Factors - Portfolio Manager - Energy Star

MBtu/ton MBtu/MMBtu (million Btu) 1,000 1,000 Tons 25,090 23,818 Lbs 12 545 11 909 kLbs (thousand pounds) 12,545 11,909 MLbs (million pounds)

[PDF] Units & Conversions Fact Sheet - Indico

15 avr 2007 · Note: 44/12 or 3 667 ton CO2 emissions per ton C emissions Natural Gas = 121 lb/mcf = 117 1 lb/mmBtu = 50 3 kg/GJ Gasoline = 19 56 lb/gal 

[PDF] Units and Conversion Factors - The White House

1 metric tonne (t) = 1,000 kilograms = 1 1023 short tons (U S ) 0 9072 metric tonnes Energy 1 joule (J) = 0 2388 20 5 MMBtu/ton 23 8MJ/kg Oil (crude)

[PDF] Liquid Fuel Measurements and Conversions - Iowa State University

1 metric ton = 8 5 barrels 1 metric ton = 1 351 kiloliters 1 kiloliter = 740 metric tons Diesel fuel 1 gallon = 138,700 Btu – HHV * 1 gallon = 146 3 megajoules 

[PDF] LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND

1 oct 2010 · ~0 4 USD/MMBtu Regasification ~0 4 USD/MMBtu 1 ton LNG = 52 MMBtu = 15 3 MWh ≈ 1 300 m3 of natural gas *) *) Depending of heat 

[PDF] Presentation title goes here - Methanex Corporation

Three million tonnes in capacity growth 2013-15 $/mmbtu Realized Methanol Price - $/ tonne 300 350 400 450 5 0 2 8 12 natural gas $/mmbtu

[PDF] Petition - US EPA

The lowest value for natural gas consumption, 7 3-8 2 MMBtu/tonne DRI (8-9 MMBtu/ton DRI), was estimated for the Essar Minnesota Steel (formerly Minnesota 

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OCTOBER 2010

LNG

LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS:

GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND

ECONOMIC BENEFITS

OCTOBER 2010

LNG

WHAT IS LNG

Natural Gas cooled down to approximately 161°C The natural gas is condensed into a liquid Mass is then reduced 600 times

OCTOBER 2010

LNGTHE LNG VALUE CHAIN

Liquefaction

~1 USD/MMBtuShipping ~0.4 USD/MMBtuRegasification ~0.4 USD/MMBtu

1 ton LNG = 52 MMBtu = 15.3 MWh 1.300 m3 of natural gas*)

*) Depending of heat value

WORLD LNG SUPPLIERS AND MARKETS

Major suppliers

01 Algeria

02 Nigeria

03 Qatar, Oman & UAE

04 Indonesia & Malaysia

05 Australia

06 Trinidad & Tobago

07 Egypt010306

0504ACDMajor markets

A Japan & Korea

B North America

C Mediterranean

D North West Europe

E India

F TaiwanEF07?

0236
55
18 12

Japan & Korea

04 0305B

Source: BP statistical Review 2010

WORLD LNG SUPPLIERS AND MARKETS

Major suppliers

01 Algeria

02 Nigeria

03 Qatar, Oman & UAE

04 Indonesia & Malaysia

05 Australia

06 Trinidad & Tobago

07 Egypt010306

0504BACDMajor markets

A Japan & Korea

B North America

C Mediterranean

D North West Europe

E India

F TaiwanEF07?

02

Source: BP statistical Review 2010-

369
129
-3

Middle East

AD CE

OCTOBER 2010

LNGLNG PRICES IS USUALLY LINKED TO OIL

LNG doesn't have a common price denominator as known from oil (i.e. Brent or WTI) Instead LNG is priced against the destined market LNG for Japan usually links to

JCC crude notation

In European markets it is Brent or NBP Henry Hub is widely used in US market0

100200300400500600700800sep

-07 nov -07 jan -08 mar -08 maj -08 jul -08 sep -08 nov -08 jan -09 mar -09 maj -09 jul -09 sep -09 nov -09 jan -10 mar -10USD/

1000 m3EU LNG import price spanAverage European LNG price

German import price

Source: IEA, BAFA, Japanese Ministry of Finance

BrentGas priceCrude oil parity

S-curve

Illustrative

OCTOBER 2010

LNGCASE: JAPANESE LNG PRICES

0

150300450600750

0

510152025

2008-01-012008-07-012009-01-012009-07-012010-01-012010-07-01EUR/'000 m3USD/MMBtuParityIndonisiaQatarNigeriaAustraliaHenry HubNBP

Source: Thompson Reuters, Japanese Ministry of Finance1-6 month

OCTOBER 2010

LNG

WHY LNG IN THE

BALTIC Security of Supply

Diversity of Supply Flexibility

OCTOBER 2010

LNGTHE PRESENT SITUATION FOR SECURITY OF

SUPPLY IN EUROPE

lowHigh

Source: Ramboll Security of Supply index (RAMSOS)

OCTOBER 2010

LNG

RECOMMENDATIONS FROM BEMIP

Substantial investment in infrastructure Amber PolLit Balticconnector At least one LNG terminal Strengthening of existing infrastructure between Baltic states Promote reverse flow in Yamal pipelineLNG terminals planned or under construction/

Balticconnector

Amber PolLit

OCTOBER 2010

LNG

HOW IS IT DONE

Thorough planning Patience Brave decisions

OCTOBER 2010

LNGBUILDING A LNG TERMINAL TAKES TIME

Months

60018-24 months

36-42 months

4-6 monthsFeasibility/FEED

EIA

Permetting

Construction

CommissioningProject award

First gas

Supplier

negotiations

Business processes

IT systems

Financial and legal

structure

Note: Assuming a larger scale base load terminal

OCTOBER 2010

LNGTHERE ARE ECONOMIES OF SCALE

0

100200300400500

024681012Million Euro per BCM capacity

Total capacity of terminal (BCM)Existing terminalsPlanned terminals33 16 21414

120Equipment

Materials

Prefabrication

Construction

Design & PM

Insurance & certification

ContingencyCAPEX split on work

OCTOBER 2010

LNGWHAT IS YOUR DESIRED RISK APPETITE

Commercial issues

Number of suppliers FOB vs. CIF Underlying indexation Rely on spot cargoesPlanning/permitting issues Third party access Regulatory setup (ie what level of tariffs can you expect)Technical/operational issues EPC or several tenders Operational organisation Gas qualityFinancial/structuring issues Capital structure Project financing Strategic partners Company structure Special purpose financing (EBRD, EIB etc.)Non-Exhaustive!

OCTOBER 2010

LNGTHANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION

Ramboll Oil & Gasas.comJack M Kristensen

Director, Studies and planning

E-mail: JCKK@ramboll.commTel: (+45) 5161 5670

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