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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from aity type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality iUustratioDs and photogn^ibs, print bleed through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Universily Microfilms international A BellHowell
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Order Number 9126213 Guided instruction with Logo programming and the development of cognitive monitoring strategies among college students Lee, Mi Ok Cho, Ph.D. Iowa State University, 1991 UMI 3(X)N.ZccbRd. AnnAibor,
MI 48106Guided instruction with Logo programming and the development of cognitive monitoring strategies among college students Mi Ok Cho Lee
A Dissertation Submitted to the
Graduate
Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements
for the Degree ofDOCTOR
OF PHILOSOPHY
Department: Curriculum and Instruction
Major: Education (Curriculum and Instructional Technology)Approved:
ijor Departm(For the Graduate College
IowaState University
Ames, Iowa
1991 Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Signature was redacted for privacy.
ii TABLE OFCONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION
1 Theoretical Background 5 Statement of
Problem 12 Purpose of
theStudy 14 Research Questions 14 Hypotheses
15 Significance of the Study 17 Limitations
18 Definition of Terms 18 LITERATURE REVIEW
22 Introduction 22 Background
of Logo Programming 22 Research on Logo Programming 28 Reasons forConflicting Research Results on Logo Programming . . 34 Metacognition and the Computer 40 Metacognition
40 Metacognitive Knowledge 43 Cognitive Monitoring 48 Logo-Based Instruction and Development of Cognitive Monitoring . 56 Model
of Logo-Based Cognitive Monitoring Instruction 61 Summary 69iii
METHODOLOGY 72 Introduction 72 Sample
73 Research Design 77 Instructional Materials 85 Experimental Treatment 88 Test
Instruments 95 Analysis of Data 109 RESULTS Ill Introduction Ill Analysis of Pre-Experimental Measures 112 Hypothesis One114 Hypothesis Two 115 Hypothesis Three 117 Hypothesis Four 119 Hypothesis
Five 121 Hypothesis Six
123 Hypothesis
Seven 125 Results for the Basic Logo Comprehension Test 127 AuxiliaryFindings 129 Summary
134iv
SUMMARY,
DISCUSSION,
IMPUCATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 139 Summary of
Research
Study 139 Discussion of the Study Results 148 Implications forGuided Instruction with Logo Programming .... 162 Recommendations for Further Research 166 Concluding Remarks 167 BIBUOGRAPHY 169 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
188 APPENDIX A:
SAMPLE BACKGROUND QUESTIONNAIRE 190 APPENDIX B: HOMOGENEITY OF SAMPLE BACKGROUNDS .... 194 APPENDIX C: A MODEL OF LOGO-BASED COGNITIVE MONITORING