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PracticalSheet:OOPProgramming

• Anoverviewpresentation • Additionalpresentations(notused)onOOPfeaturesofPython • Ashortsummaryof

Contents

TurtleGraphics

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1 Exercise 1: Using Objects

codeprovidedhastwofiles:

1. Thefileface.pycontainsaFaceclass,whichdrawsaface.

2. Thedrawing.pyfileusestheFaceclasstodrawseveralfaces.

Exercise1.1:RuntheProgram

from turtle import * from Face import Face # start of drawing code f1 = Face(0, 0) f1.draw() f2 = Face(-200, 0) f2.setSize(80) f2.draw()

Exercise1.2:Listtheattributesandmethods

AttributeParameterof

constructor?

Functiontoset?

posYesNo sizeYes

Exercise1.3:MakeaMoreComplexDrawing

object(orinstanceofaclass).

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2 Exercise 2: Adding Attributes

• WeaddamethodtobeabletosetthenoseSizeattribute. • Weaddmoreattributes.Foreachattributeweshould o Initialisetheattributeintheconstructor,decidingwhethertousea o Decidewhethertoprovideamethodtoset(orget)theattributevalue

Exercise2.1:VarytheSizeoftheNose

1 .We

Exercise2.2:VarytheHairColour

1. Addanattributeintheconstructor-giveitadefaultvalue

2. Createamethodtosettheconstructorandupdatethevalue

3. Modifythefunctiondrawingthehair

4. Enhancethedrawingtodrawfaceswithdifferenthair

Drawfaceswithdiffercolourhair.

Exercise2.3:VarytheLengthoftheHair

normal,....

Hereisapossiblesolution:

Exercise2.4:OtherDifferences

exerciseforschoolpupilsconsider: • Howeasywoulditbetocreatethisdifference? • Whatprogrammingprinciplewouldbeillustrated? 1

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• Wouldthepupilsfinditmotivating? values

3 Exercise 3: Multiple Classes

Exercise3.1:TheHairClass

1. Ratherthanhavingattributes'hairLength'and'hairColour',afacenowhasa'hair'

attribute.

2. Intheconstructorforthehairobject,weshowwhichFacethehairisin.Lookat

howthisisdone.

3. Itisstillpossibletochangethehaircolouretc.butnowthisisdonebyaskingthe

4. Whendrawingtheface,weaskthehairtodrawitself.

IntheHairclass,lookforthefollowing:

1. Thehairknowswhichfaceitispartof.Whatdoesitusethisfor?

2. Twofunctionsareusedtodrawthehair:whatarethey?

Exercise3.2:TheEyeClass

Makethefollowingchanges:

1. Createthenewclass,rememberingtoimporttheTurtlelibrary

2. Createaconstructor.Theeyeneedstoknow:

a. Whichfaceitispartof(liketheHair) b. Whichsideofthefaceitisone(leftorright)

3. Createadrawfunction,basedonthedrawEyefunctionfromtheFaceclassbut

adaptedtousetheattributes.

4. ModifytheFaceclasstousetheEyeclass

a. Remembertoimportit b. IntheFaceconstructor,createtwonew'Eye'instance(aleftoneanda rightone)

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c. RemovethedrawEyefunction:adapttheFace'sdrawfunctiontoaskthe twoeyestodrawthemselves.

Exercise3.3:MakingEyeMoreElaborate

youcouldhaveacolourattribute.

4 Exercise 4: Inheritance

faces: • Agirl'sface • Aboy'sface • Aman'sface • Awoman'sface

Exercise4.1:TheGirlsFaceClass

• AGirlsFaceisakindofFace • GirslsFaceinheritsFace • FaceissuperclassofGirlsFace • GirlsFaceisaspecialisationofFace • Ithasit'sownconstructor,butitmustalsocalltheconstructorofitssuperclass. • Itcancallthemethodofitssuperclass-lookathowthisisdone.

Exercise4.2:AddingEyebrows

haseyebrows.

Exercise4.3:CreateOtherSpecialisedFaces

5 Exercise 5: A Family Class

• Keepthepeopleinalist. • Haveamethodtoaddpeopletothefamily • Haveamethodtodrawthefamilyportrait. someofitrandomly.

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6 Appendix: Turtle Graphics Function Reference

ThePythonturtlegraphicspackagehasboth

• Afunctionalinterface • Anobject-orientedinterface

FunctionDescriptionandExample

MoveandDraw

forward(), backward()

Movetheturtleadistance:forward(10)

right(),left()Turnbyanangle:right(90) goto()Movetoan(x,y)position:goto(10, 50) home()Movetothehomeposition:home() circle()Drawacircleorarc.Examples: • circle(100)-drawacircleofradius100 • circle(50, 90)-drawanarcofradius50,angle90 dot()Drawadotwithdiameter&colour:dot(20, 'blue')

TurtlePosition

heading()Gettheheading:angle = heading() xcor(),ycor()Getthexorycoordinates:currentX = xcor() dist = distance(50, 75) ordinates:towards(100, 100)

PenandTurtle

pendown(), penup() drawsaline. isdown()Returnstrueifthepenisup. showturtle(), hideturtle()

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FunctionDescriptionandExample

FillingandClearing

otherformatssupported:fillcolor('blue'). begin_fill(), end_fill() shouldbefilled. reset()Reseteverything. turtleisatthelefthandofthestring.

Screen

screensize(500, 300) textinputInputtextusingadialog:textinput("Title", "Prompt") numinputInputanumber window_height, window_width

Getthewindowheightorwidth

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